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| 1 | Hepatocellular carcinoma: From diagnosis to treatment显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is the sixth most prevalent malignancy worldwide and is a rising cause of cancer related mortality. Risk factors for HCC are well documented and effective surveillance and early diagnosis allow for curative therapies. The majority of HCC appears to be caused by cirrhosis from chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus. Preventive strategies include vaccination programs and anti-viral treatments.Surveillance with ultrasonography detects early stage disease and improves survival rates. Many treatment options exist for individuals with HCC and are determined by stage of presentation. Liver transplantation is offered to patients who are within the Milan criteria and are not candidates for hepatic resection. In patients with advanced stage disease, sorafenib shows some survival benefit. | Abhijeet Waghray Arvind R Murali KV Narayanan Menon | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，8： | 27 |
| 2 | Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatotropic viruses comorbidities as the inducers of liver injury progression显示文摘Hepatotropic viruses induced hepatitis progresses much faster and causes more liver-related health problems in people co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV). Although treatment with antiretroviral therapy has extended the life expectancy of people with HIV, liver disease induced by hepatitis B virus(HBV) and hepatitis C virus(HCV) causes significant numbers of non-acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS)-related deaths in coinfected patients. In recent years, new insights into the mechanisms of accelerated fibrosis and liver disease progression in HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV co-infections have been reported. In this paper, we review recent studies examining the natural history and pathogenesis of liver disease in HIV-HCV/HBV co-infection in the era of direct acting antivirals(DAA) and antiretroviral therapy(ART). We also review the novel therapeutics for management of HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV coinfected individuals. | Murali Ganesan Larisa Y Poluektova Kusum K Kharbanda Natalia A Osna | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，4： | 12 |
| 3 | Chronic hepatitis E: A brief review显示文摘Hepatitis E viral infection has traditionally been considered an acute, self-limited, water borne disease similar to hepatitis A, endemic to developing countries. However, over the past decade, zoonotic transmission and progression to chronicity in human patients has been identified, resulting in persistently elevated transaminase levels, progressive liver injury and cirrhosis. In addition to liver injury, neurological, renal and rheumatological manifestations have also been reported. Chronic hepatitis E occurs mainly in immunosuppressed individuals such as transplant recipients, human immunodeficiency virus patients with low CD4 counts and in patients with hematological malignancies receiving chemotherapy. Diagnosis is established by persistent elevation of hepatitis E virus RNA in the stool or serum. This population often requires treatment with antiviral agents, particularly ribavirin, as spontaneous clearance with reduction in immunosuppression occurs only in about a third of the patients. The purpose of this review, is to further discuss the clinical presentation, and recent advances in diagnosis, treatment and prophylaxis of chronic hepatitis E. | Arvind R Murali Vikram Kotwal Saurabh Chawla | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，19： | 9 |
| 4 | The role of Epstein-Barr virus in multiple sclerosis:from molecular pathophysiology to in vivo imaging显示文摘Multiple sclerosis(MS) is a disease of the central nervous system characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neuronal damage. Environmental and genetic factors are associated with the risk of developing MS, but the exact cause still remains unidentified. Epstein-Barr virus(EBV), vitamin D, and smoking are among the most well-established environmental risk factors in MS. Infectious mononucleosis, which is caused by delayed primary EBV infection, increases the risk of developing MS. EBV may also contribute to MS pathogenesis indirectly by activating silent human endogenous retrovirus-W. The emerging B-cell depleting therapies, particularly anti-CD20 agents such as rituximab, ocrelizumab, as well as the fully human ofatumumab, have shown promising clinical and magnetic resonance imaging benefit. One potential effect of these therapies is the depletion of memory B-cells, the primary reservoir site where EBV latency occurs. In addition, EBV potentially interacts with both genetic and other environmental factors to increase susceptibility and disease severity of MS. This review examines the role of EBV in MS pathophysiology and summarizes the recent clinical and radiological findings, with a focus on B-cells and in vivo imaging. Addressing the potential link between EBV and MS allows the better understanding of MS pathogenesis and helps to identify additional disease biomarkers that may be responsive to B-cell depleting intervention. | Yi Guan Dejan Jakimovski Murali Ramanathan Bianca Weinstock-Guttman Robert Zivadinov | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，3： | 8 |
| 5 | Development of polyvinylpyrrolidone/paclitaxel self-assemblies for breast cancer显示文摘The goal of this investigation was to develop and demonstrate a polymer/paclitaxel selfassembly(PTX-SA) formulation. Polymer/PTX-SAs were screened based on smaller size of formulation using dynamic light scattering analysis. Additionally, fluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry studies exhibited that polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP)-based PTX-SAs(PVP/PTX-SAs) had superior cellular internalization capability in MCF7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The optimized PVP/PTXSAs exhibited less toxicity to human red blood cells indicating a suitable formulation for reducing systemic toxicity. The formation of PVP and PTX self-assemblies was confirmed using fluorescence quenching and transmission electron microscopy which indicated that the PVP/PTX-SAs were spherical in shape with an average size range of 53.81 nm as detected by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).FTIR spectral analysis demonstrates incorporation of polymer and paclitaxel functional groups in PVP/PTX-SAs. Both proliferation(MTS) and clonogenic(colony formation) assays were used to validate superior anticancer activity of PVP/PTX-SAs in breast cancer cells over paclitaxel. Such superior anticancer activity was also demonstrated by downregulation of the expression of pro-survival protein(Bcl-x L), upregulation of apoptosis-associated proteins(Bid, Bax, cleaved caspase 7, and cleaved PARP)and β-tubulin stabilization. These results support the hypothesis that PVP/PTX-SAs improved paclitaxel delivery to cancer cells. | Pallabita Chowdhury Prashanth K.B.Nagesh Sheema Khan Bilal B.Hafeez Subhash C.Chauhan Meena Jaggi Murali M.Yallapu | 2018 | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2018，8，4： | 7 |
| 6 | Regulatory signaling network in the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer bone and visceral organ metastases and the development of novel therapeutics显示文摘This article describes cell signaling network of metastatic prostate cancer(PCa)to bone and visceral organs in the context of tumor microenvironment and for the development of novel therapeutics.The article focuses on our recent progress in the understanding of:1)The plasticity and dynamics of tumorestroma interaction;2)The significance of epigenetic reprogramming in conferring cancer growth,invasion and metastasis;3)New insights on altered junctional communication affecting PCa bone and brain metastases;4)Novel strategies to overcome therapeutic resistance to hormonal antagonists and chemotherapy;5)Geneticbased therapy to co-target tumor and bone stroma;6)PCa-bone-immune cell interaction and TBX2-WNTprotein signaling in bone metastasis;7)The roles of monoamine oxidase and reactive oxygen species in PCa growth and bone metastasis;and 8)Characterization of imprinting cluster of microRNA,in tumorestroma interaction.This article provides new approaches and insights of PCa metastases with emphasis on basic science and potential for clinical translation.This article referenced the details of the various approaches and discoveries described herein in peer-reviewed publications.We dedicate this article in our fond memory of Dr.Donald S.Coffey who taught us the spirit of sharing and the importance of focusing basic science discoveries toward translational medicine. | Gina Chia-Yi Chu Leland W.K.Chung Murali Gururajan Chia-Ling Hsieh Sajni Josson Srinivas Nandana Shian-Ying Sung Ruoxiang Wang Jason Boyang Wu Haiyen E.Zhau | 2019 | Asian Journal of Urology2019，6，1： | 5 |
| 7 | Liver as a target of human immunodeficiency virus infection显示文摘Liver injury is a characteristic feature of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection, which is the second most common cause of mortality in HIV-infected patients. Now it is recognized that liver plays a key role in HIV infection pathogenesis. Antiretroviral therapy(ART), which suppresses HIV infection in permissive immune cells, is less effective in hepatocytes, thereby making these cells a silent reservoir of HIV infection. In addition to direct hepatotoxic effects of HIV, certain ART treatment modalities provide hepatotoxic effects. The exact mechanisms of HIV-triggered chronic hepatitis progression are not elucidated, but the liver is adversely affected by HIV-infection and liver cells are prominently involved in HIV-elicited injury. These effects are potentiated by second hits like alcohol. Here, we will focus on the incidence of HIV, clinical evidence of HIVrelated liver damage, interactions between HIV and liver cells and the role of alcohol and co-infection with hepatotropic viruses in liver inflammation and fibrosis progression. | Murali Ganesan Larisa Y Poluektova Kusum K Kharbanda Natalia A Osna | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，42： | 5 |
| 8 | Role of alcohol in pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus infection显示文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV)and alcohol abuse often contribute to the development of end-stage liver disease.Alcohol abuse not only causes rapid progression of liver disease in HBV infected patients but also allows HBV to persist chronically.Importantly,the mechanism by which alcohol promotes the progression of HBVassociated liver disease are not completely understood.Potential mechanisms include a suppressed immune response,oxidative stress,endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus stresses,and increased HBV replication.Certainly,more research is necessary to gain a better understanding of these mechanisms such that treatment(s)to prevent rapid liver disease progression in alcohol-abusing HBV patients could be developed.In this review,we discuss the aforementioned factors for the higher risk of liver diseases in alcohol-induced HBV pathogenies and suggest the areas for future studies in this field. | Murali Ganesan Allison Eikenberry Larisa Y Poluektova Kusum K Kharbanda Natalia A Osna | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，9： | 5 |
| 9 | Anti-chikungunya activity of luteolin and apigenin rich fraction from Cynodon dactylon显示文摘Objective:To obtain Iuteolin and apigenin rich fraction from the ethanolic extract of Cynodon dactylon(L.)(C.dactylon) Pers and evaluate the fraction's cytotoxicity and anti-Chikungunya potential using Vero cells.Methods:The ethanolic extract of C.dactylon was subjected to silica gel column chromatography to obtain anti-chikungunya virus(CHIKV) fraction.Reverse phase-HPLC and GC-MS studies were carried out to identily the major phytochemicals in the fraction using phylochemical standards.Cytotoxicity and the potential of the fraction against CHIKV were evaluated in vitro using Vero cells.Reduction in viral replication was assessed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) after treating the viral infected Vero cells with the fraction.Results:Reverse Phase-HPLC and GC-MS studies confirmed the presence of flavonoids,luteolin and apigenin as major phytochemicals in the anti-CHIKV ethanolic fraction of C.dactylon- The fraction was found to exhibit potent viral inhibitory activity(about 98%) at the concentration of 50 μg/mL as observed by reduction in cytopathic effect,and the cytotoxic concentration of the fraction was found to be 250 μg/mL.RT-PCR analyses indicated that the reduction in viral mRNA synthesis in fraction treated infected cells was much higher than the viral infected control cells.Conclusions:Luteolin and apigenin rich ethanolic fraction from C.dactylon can be utilized as a potential therapeutic agent against CHIKV infection as the fraction does not show cytotoxicity while inhibiting the virus. | Krishnan Saravana Murali Srinivasan Sivasubramanian Savariar Vincent Shanmugaraj Bala Murugan Bupesh Giridaran Sundaram Dinesh Palani Gunasekaran Kaveri Krishnasamy Ramalingam Sathishkumar | 2015 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2015，8，5： | 5 |
| 10 | Bilateral vs unilateral placement of metal stents for inoperable highgrade hilar biliary strictures: A systemic review and meta-analysis显示文摘BACKGROUND Bilateral vs unilateral biliary stenting is used for palliation in malignant biliary obstruction.No clear data is available to compare the efficacy and safety of bilateral biliary stenting over unilateral stenting.AIM To assess the efficacy and safety of bilateral vs unilateral biliary drainage in inoperable malignant hilar obstruction.METHODS PubMed,Embase,Scopus,and Cochrane databases,as well as secondary sources(bibliographic review of selected articles and major GI proceedings),were searched through January 2019.The primary outcome was the re-intervention rate.Secondary outcomes were a technical success,early and late complications,and stent malfunction rate.Pooled odds ratio(OR)and 95%confidence interval(CI)were calculated for each outcome.RESULTS A total of 9 studies were included(2 prospective Randomized Controlled Study,5 retrospective studies,and 2 abstracts),involving 782 patients with malignant hilar obstruction.Bilateral stenting had significantly lower re-intervention rate compared with unilateral drainage(OR=0.59,95%CI:0.40-0.87,P=0.009).There was no difference in the technical success rate(OR=0.7,CI:0.42-1.17,P=0.17),early complication rate(OR=1.56,CI:0.31-7.75,P=0.59),late complication rate(OR=0.91,CI:0.58-1.41,P=0.56)and stent malfunction(OR=0.69,CI:0.42-1.12,P=0.14)between bilateral and unilateral stenting for malignant hilar biliary strictures.CONCLUSION Bilateral biliary drainage had a lower re-intervention rate as compared to unilateral drainage for high grade inoperable malignant biliary strictures,with no significant difference in technical success,and early or late complication rates. | Munish Ashat Sumant Arora Jagpal S Klair Christopher A Childs Arvind R Murali Frederick C Johlin | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，34： | 5 |
| 11 | Intraspecific differences in growth and yield of soybean exposed to UV- B radiation under greenhouse and field condi- tions显示文摘 | Teramura A H Murali N S | | Environ Exp Bot0，8995，： | 4 |
| 12 | Rapid synthesis of Au, Ag, and bimetallic Au core–Ag shell nanoparticles using Neem ( Azadirachta indica ) leaf broth显示文摘 | S.Shiv Shankar Akhilesh Rai Absar Ahmad Murali Sastry | 2004 | Journal of Colloid And Interface Science2004，，2： | 3 |
| 13 | Antidiabetic activity of 50% ethanolic extract of Ricinus communis and its purified fractions显示文摘 | Poonam Shokeen Prachi Anand Y. Krishna Murali Vibha Tandon | 2008 | Food and Chemical Toxicology2008，，11： | 3 |
| 14 | A systematic review and meta-analysis of the treatments of varicose veins显示文摘 | M. Hassan Murad Fernando Coto-Yglesias Magaly Zumaeta-Garcia Mohamed B. Elamin Murali K. Duggirala Patricia J. Erwin Victor M. Montori Peter Gloviczki | 2011 | Journal of Vascular Surgery2011，，5： | 3 |
| 15 | Hepatocellular carcinoma-time to take the ticket显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma is one of the leading malignancies worldwide.Early detection of hepatocellular carcinoma and its management in the form of liver transplantation offers an attractive treatment option.The Milan criteria,proposed by Mazzaferro et al,have been the standard for selecting patients with hepatocellular carcinoma for transplantation.Recently,several studies have shown that even patients selected outside the Milan criteria can undergo transplantation with a relatively good outcome.This article examines the currently existing criteria other than the Milan criteria and also evaluates use of alpha-fetoprotein and positron emission tomography scans to predict the chance of recurrence. | Anju Mullath Murali Krishna | 2019 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2019，11，6： | 2 |
| 16 | Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α Contributes to Brain Edema after Stroke by Regulating Aquaporins and Glycerol Distribution in Brain显示文摘 | Tetsuhiro Higashida Changya Peng Jie Li David Dornbos Kailing Teng Xiaohua Li Harish Kinni Murali Guthikonda Yuchuan Ding | 2011 | Current Neurovascular Research2011，，1： | 2 |
| 17 | Milk exosomes:Nature’s abundant nanoplatform for theranostic applications显示文摘Exosomes are a unique subpopulation of naturally occurring extracellular vesicles which are smaller intracellular membrane nanoparticle vesicles.Exosomes have proven to be excellent nanocarriers for carrying lipids,proteins,mRNAs,non-coding RNAs,and DNAs,and disseminating long-distance intercellular communications in various biological processes.Among various cell-line or biological fluid derived exosomes,milk exosomes are abundant in nature and exhibit many nanocarrier characteristics favorable for theranostic applications.To be an effective delivery carrier for their clinical translation,exosomes must inbuilt loading,release,targeting,and imaging/tracking characteristics.Considering the unmet gaps of milk exosomes in theranostic technology it is essential to focus the current review on drug delivery and imaging applications.This review delineates the efficiency of exosomes to load therapeutic or imaging agents and their successful delivery approaches.It is emphasized on possible modifications of exosomes towards increasing the stability and delivery of agents.This article also summarizes the specific applications and the process of developing milk exosomes as a future pharmaceutical drug delivery vehicle. | Benilde Adriano Nycol M.Cotto Neeraj Chauhan Meena Jaggi Subhash C.Chauhan Murali M.Yallapu | 2021 | Bioactive Materials2021，6，8： | 2 |
| 18 | Anal carcinoma in giant anal condyloma, multidisciplinary approach necessary for optimal outcome:Two case reports and review of literature显示文摘BACKGROUND Anal cancers are caused by human papilloma virus(HPV). Buschke-Lowenstein tumor also known as giant anal condyloma(GCA) is a variant of giant neglected anal tumors arising from warts caused by HPV infection. HPV are a family of double-stranded DNA viruses and primarily cause sexually transmitted disease of the genitalia and oropharyngeal mucosa. These tumors are slow growing;locally destructive large verrucous masses.CASE SUMMARY We present a series of two cases with large anal tumors harboring invasive cancers and highlight their presentation and management. Tumors with high risk HPV subtypes(HPV 16, 18, 31, 33) may progress into invasive squamous cell carcinoma(SCC). Untreated GCA can attain enormous size and extend into the pelvic organs and bony structures. Some tumors show malignant degeneration into SCC and are often difficult to diagnose given the large size of the tumors.Complete surgical excision with negative margins is the treatment of choice and necessary to prevent recurrence. This is often not feasible and leaves large surgical wounds with tissue defects with delay in healing and increases postoperative morbidity. Pelvic reconstructive techniques including muscle flaps and grafts are often necessary to close the defects. Human immunodeficiency virus and immunocompromised patients generally do poorly with standard treatments.CONCLUSION A multidisciplinary team of colorectal and plastic surgeons, medical and radiation oncologists along with combination treatment modalities are necessary when malignant transformation occurs in GCA, for optimal outcomes. | Santosh Shenoy Murali Nittala Yazen Assaf | 2019 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2019，11，2： | 2 |
| 19 | Prolonged feeding with guanidinoacetate, a methyl group consumer, exacerbates ethanol-induced liver injury显示文摘AIM To investigate the hypothesis that exposure to guanidinoacetate(GAA, a potent methyl-group consumer) either alone or combined with ethanol intake for a prolonged period of time would cause more advanced liver pathology thus identifying methylation defects as the initiator and stimulator for progressive liver damage.METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were fed the control or ethanolLieber De Carli diet in the absence or presence of GAA supplementation. At the end of 6 wk of the feeding regimen, various biochemical and histological analyses were conducted. RESULTS Contrary to our expectations, we observed that GAA treatment alone resulted in a histologically normal liver without evidence of hepatosteatosis despite persistence of some abnormal biochemical parameters. This protection could result from the generation of creatine from the ingested GAA. Ethanol treatment for 6 wk exhibited changes in liver methionine metabolism and persistence of histological and biochemical defects as reported before. Further, when the rats were fed the GAA-supplemented ethanol diet, similar histological and biochemical changes as observed after 2 wk of combined treatment, including inflammation, macroand micro-vesicular steatosis and a marked decrease in the methylation index were noted. In addition, rats on the combined treatment exhibited increased liver toxicity and even early fibrotic changes in a subset of animals in this group. The worsening liver pathology could be related to the profound reduction in the hepatic methylation index, an increased accumulation of GAA and the inability of creatine generated to exert its hepato-protective effects in the setting of ethanol.CONCLUSION To conclude, prolonged exposure to a methyl consumer superimposed on chronic ethanol consumption causes persistent and pronounced liver damage. | Natalia A Osna Dan Feng Murali Ganesan Priya F Maillacheruvu David J Orlicky Samuel W French Dean J Tuma Kusum K Kharbanda | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，38： | 2 |
| 20 | Single image shadow removal by optimization using non-shadow anchor values显示文摘Shadow removal has evolved as a preprocessing step for various computer vision tasks.Several studies have been carried out over the past two decades to eliminate shadows from videos and images. Accurate shadow detection is an open problem because it is often considered difficult to interpret whether the darkness of a surface is contributed by a shadow incident on it or not. This paper introduces a color-model based technique to remove shadows from images. We formulate shadow removal as an optimization problem that minimizes the dissimilarities between a shadow area and its non-shadow counterpart.To achieve this, we map each shadow region to a set of non-shadow pixels, and compute an anchor value from the non-shadow pixels. The shadow region is then modified using a factor computed from the anchor value using particle swarm optimization. We demonstrate the efficiency of our technique on indoor shadows, outdoor shadows, soft shadows, and document shadows, both qualitatively and quantitatively. | Saritha Murali V.K.Govindan Saidalavi Kalady | 2019 | Computational Visual Media2019，5，3： | 2 |
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