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| 1 | 美国临床肿瘤学会IV期非小细胞肺癌化疗的临床实践指南更新显示文摘本文旨在为IV期非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗提供更新版推荐。本文资料检索源自2002年以来公布的相关随机试验文献。此指南范围限于化疗与生物治疗。更新委员会对这些文献进行了总结并提供了推荐更新。162篇文献符合标准被纳入参考。本推荐基于可改善总生存期的治疗方法。仅改善无进展生存期的治疗方法推动了对毒性及生存质量的监测。对于体力状态评分为0分或1分患者的一线治疗,可推荐以铂类为基础的细胞毒性药物的两药联用。对铂类治疗有禁忌的患者,可采用非铂类细胞毒性两药联合。对于体力状态评分为2分的患者,单一细胞毒性药物即可。对于疾病进展或经过4个周期的治疗仍对治疗无反应的患者,应停止一线细胞毒性化疗。即使在6个周期后患者对治疗仍有反应,亦应停止两药细胞毒性化疗。对于伴有明确的表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变的患者,可推荐一线采用吉非替尼治疗;对于EGFR突变为阴性或不明确的患者,细胞毒性化疗更佳。除具有特定临床特征的患者外,可推荐贝伐单抗与卡铂-紫杉醇联用。对于通过免疫组化证实EGFR阳性的肿瘤患者,可推荐西妥昔单抗与顺铂-长春瑞滨联用。多西紫杉醇、厄洛替尼、吉非替尼或培美曲塞被推荐作为二线治疗。对于未曾接受过厄洛替尼或吉非替尼治疗的患者,可推荐厄洛替尼作为三线治疗。现有数据不足以推荐常规三线采用细胞毒性药物。已有的证据也不足以推荐常规应用分子标记物选择化疗。 | Christopher G. AZZOLI Sherman Baker JR Sarah TEMIN William PAO Timothy ALIFF Julie BRAHMER David H. JOHNSON Janessa L. LASKIN Gregory MASTERS Daniel MILTON Luke NORDQUIST David G. PFISTER Steven PIANTADOSI Joan H. SCHILLER Reily SMITH Thomas J. SMITH John R. STRAWN David TRENT Giuseppe GIACCONE 丁燕(翻译) 南娟(翻译) 刘谦(翻译) 周清华(校对) 陈军(校对) | 2010 | 中国肺癌杂志2010，13，3： | 43 |
| 2 | 加拿大农业保险的经历和经验显示文摘加拿大从上个世纪初就有商业性保险公司试验经营农作物保险,但最后都失败了。后来,政府组织了准政策性农业保险,并在多年经验积累的基础上,于1960年开始举办政策性农业保险。46年来,加拿大特别是其曼尼托巴省的政策性农业保险取得了巨大成功,创造了丰富的经验,解决了一系列举办政策性农业保险所遇到的重要问题:根据实际情况确定由谁来经营政策性农业保险;如何合理确定必不可少的政府补贴和适当的保障水平;一下子铺开还是从少数几种农作物开始试验;到底是实行强制保险还是自愿保险更为合理和有效,要不要使具有不同风险损失概率的农户支付相同的保险费率;要不要组织省际之间的风险共担,是否需要对农民进行农业保险的培训;等等。 | Milton Boyd Jeffrey Pai 易细纯 张峭 | 2007 | 中国农村经济2007，，2： | 27 |
| 3 | 踝关节脱位是导致旋后外旋型踝关节骨折预后不良的危险因素显示文摘旋后外旋型骨折是踝关节骨折中最为常见的类型。其中SER四型骨折由于造成踝关节不稳,所以需要手术治疗。SER四型骨折部分会造成踝关节脱位。踝关节骨折脱位意味着关节软骨和关节周围软组织的严重损伤,但目前还缺乏脱位对围手术期并发症、放射学及临床疗效影响的研究。本研究的目的是探讨脱位是否会增加SER四型踝关节骨折(内踝骨折或三角韧带断裂)切口并发症或深部感染发生率、是否会增加骨折复位不良的风险、是否与经过至少随访1年后的关节功能不良有关。2004-2010年由同一医生治疗的SER四型旋后外旋型踝关节骨折共178例,经过选择后共有108例纳入本研究中。 | Peter K.Sculco Lionel E.Lazaro Milton M.Little Marschall B.Berkes Stephen J.Warner David L.Helfet Dean G.Lorich 王勇卓(整理) 张民(整理) | 2016 | 实用骨科杂志2016，22，10： | 12 |
| 4 | Wilson disease:Histopathological correlations with treatment on follow-up liver biopsies显示文摘AIM:To investigate the progression of hepatic histopathology in serial liver biopsies from Wilson disease(WD)patients.METHODS:We report a group of 12 WD patients treated with zinc and/or penicillamine who underwent multiple follow-up liver biopsies.Demographic,clinical and laboratory data were gathered and all patients underwent an initial biopsy and at least one repeat biopsy.RESULTS:Time to repeat biopsy ranged from 2 to 12 years.Six patients(non-progressors)showed stable hepatic histology or improvement.In one case,we observed improvement of fibrosis from stage 2 to 0.Six patients(progressors)had worsening of fibrosis.There was no significant correlation between the histological findings and serum aminotransferases or copper me-tabolism parameters.The hepatic copper concentration reached normal levels in only two patients:one from the non-progressors and one from the progressors group.The estimated rate of progression of hepatic fibrosis in the entire group was 0 units per year in the time frame between the first and the second liver biopsy(4 years),and 0.25 between the second and the third(3 years).In the progressors group,the rate of progression of liver fibrosis was estimated at 0.11 fibrosis units per year between the first and second biopsy and,0.6 fibrosis units between the second and third biopsy.CONCLUSION:The inability of clinical tools to detect fibrosis progression in WD suggests that a liver biopsy with hepatic copper quantification every 3 years should be considered. | Sandy Cope-Yokoyama Milton J Finegold Giacomo Carlo Sturniolo Kyoungmi Kim Claudia Mescoli Massimo Rugge Valentina Medici | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，12： | 10 |
| 5 | Acute effects of physical exercise in type 2 diabetes: A review显示文摘The literature has shown the efficiency of exercise in the control of type 2 diabetes(T2D), being suggested as one of the best kinds of non-pharmacological treatments for its population. Thus, the scientific production related to this phenomenon has growing exponentially. However, despite its advances, still there is a lack of studies that have carried out a review on the acute effects of physical exercise on metabolic and hemodynamic markers and possible control mechanisms of these indicators in individuals with T2 D, not to mention that in a related way, these themes have been very little studied today. Therefore, the aim of this study was to organize and analyze the current scientific production about the acute effects of physical exercise on metabolic and hemodynamic markers and possible control mechanisms of these indicators in T2 D individuals. For such, a research with the following keywords was performed:-exercise; diabetes and post-exercise hypotension; diabetes and excess post-exercise oxygen consumption; diabetes and acute effects in PUBMED, SCIELO and HIGHWIRE databases. From the analyzed studies, it is possible to conclude that, a single exercise session can promote an increase in the bioavailability of nitric oxide and elicit decreases in postexercise blood pressure. Furthermore, the metabolic stress from physical exercise can increase the oxidation of carbohydrate during the exercise and keep it, in high levels, the post exercise consumption of O2, this phenomenon increases the rate of fat oxidation during recovery periods after exercise, improves glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity and reduces glycemia between 2-72 h, which seems to be dependent on the exercise intensity and duration of the effort. | Ricardo Yukio Asano Marcelo Magalhes Sales Rodrigo Alberto Vieira Browne José Fernando Vila Nova Moraes Hélio José Coelho Júnior Milton Rocha Moraes Hebert Gustavo Simoes | 2014 | World Journal of Diabetes2014，5，5： | 8 |
| 6 | Mitomycin C in pterygium treatment显示文摘Pterygium is a benign lesion usually growing from the nasal side of the conjunctiva onto the cornea.Most cases of pterygium does not cause problem or requires specific treatment.The exact cause of pterygium is not clear yet,but some factors are pointed as causes,being the most important the long-term ultraviolet ray exposure.Pterygium surgery is usually considered when there are symptoms that do not respond to conservative treatment.Recurrence is the main complication of the surgery,and much has been done to avoid it.Mitomycin C(MMC) has been used as a fibroblast proliferation inhibitor during the surgery to reduce the chance of recurrence of the pterygium.This review describes the use of MMC as an adjunctive,the optimal dosage,the duration of administration of MMC and possible complications,when used during,after and before the surgery.Most studies suggest that increased exposure(dose or duration) of MMC is associated with a lower recurrence,but with higher risks of complications. | Thiago Goncalves dos Santos Martins Ana Luiza Fontes de A zevedo Costa Milton Ruiz Alves Roger Chammas Paulo Schor | 2016 | International Journal of Ophthalmology(English edition)2016，9，3： | 8 |
| 7 | 煤油在超声速气流中非定常横向喷射的实验观察显示文摘本文目的是研究煤油在超声速气流中非定常横向喷射问题 ,并与静止和亚声速气流中的结果进行对比。改造普通油嘴并采用单次高压燃油喷射系统 ,得到不同延时的流场阴影照片。结果表明 :在超声速气流中 ,射流柱破碎是由迎风面的表面波引起的 ,破碎点位于表面波的波谷。雾化过程可分四个区域。射流激波贴近射流柱的迎风面 ,并在通道内壁反射 ,非定常喷射的波系演化复杂。煤油在亚声速气流中喷射 ,不存在射流激波 ,破碎点沿射流柱上移 ,穿透深度变大 ,但破碎和雾化特征与超声速气流相似。本文结果还表明 :燃料物性参数对亚、超声速气流中射流柱的破碎和雾化特征以及激波结构的影响不大。 | 徐胜利 Archer R D Milton B E 岳朋涛 | 2000 | 空气动力学学报2000，18，3： | 8 |
| 8 | Mitochondrial GPX1 silencing triggers differential photosynthesis impairment in response to salinity in rice plants显示文摘The physiological role of plant mitochondrial glutathione peroxidases is scarcely known. This study attempted to elucidate the role of a rice mitochondrial isoform(GPX1) in photosynthesis under normal growth and salinity conditions. GPX1 knockdown rice lines(GPX1s) were tested in absence and presence of 100 mM NaCl for 6 d.Growth reduction of GPX1 s line under non-stressful conditions, compared with non-transformed(NT) plants occurred in parallel to increased H_2O_2 and decreased GSH contents. These changes occurred concurrently with photosynthesis impairment, particularly in Calvin cycle's reactions, since photochemical efficiency did not change.Thus, GPX1 silencing and downstream molecular/metabolic changes modulated photosynthesis differentially. In contrast, salinity induced reduction in both phases of photosynthesis, which were more impaired in silenced plants.These changes were associated with root morphology alterations but not shoot growth. Both studied lines displayed increased GPX activity but H_2O_2 content did not change in response to salinity. Transformed plants exhibited lower photorespiration, water use efficiency and root growth, indicating that GPX1 could be important to salt tolerance. Growth reduction of GPX1 s line might be related to photosynthesis impairment, which in turn could have involved a cross talk mechanism between mitochondria and chloroplast originated from redox changes due to GPX1 deficiency. | Yugo Lima-Melo Fabricio E.L.Carvalho Márcio O.Martins Gisele Passaia Rachel H.V.Sousa Milton C.Lima Neto Márcia Margis-Pinheiro Joaquim A.G.Silveira | 2016 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2016，58，8： | 7 |
| 9 | 三种胰岛素在反相色谱上的保留行为与热力学性质显示文摘以C8 柱为固定相 ,5 4%~ 5 9%甲醇为流动相 ,在一个广泛的温度 10~ 6 5℃范围内 ,研究了人、牛、猪 3种生物的胰岛素在高效反相色谱上的保留行为和热力学性质。研究结果表明 3种胰岛素在结构上的细微差别 ,能在反相色谱行为上明显地显示出来。同时还测定了 3种胰岛素与C8 柱结合时的焓ΔHo 和熵ΔSo 变化情况 ,这些热力学参数 ,对多肽和疏水界面相互作用机制的研究具有重要的参考价值。实验结果证明 ,通过色谱热力学参数的测定 ,将为蛋白质折叠机制以及生物大分子相互作用机制的研究 。 | 郭敏亮 Milton T W Hearn Reinhard I Boysen | 2000 | 生物化学与生物物理学报2000，32，3： | 6 |
| 10 | 人γ干扰素/β肿瘤坏死因子重组杂合蛋白对γ干扰素抗性细胞株的杀伤效应显示文摘已有大量研究资料表明,γ干扰素(Interferon γ,IFNγ)、淋巴毒素(Lymphotoxin,LT,又称TNFβ)或肿瘤坏死因子(TNFα),均有杀伤肿瘤细胞的细胞毒效应,并对其作用机理进行了广泛的研究。与此同时还对晚期肿瘤患者进行了临床治疗的探索,也取得了可喜的进展。但有些肿瘤细胞对这两种淋巴因子有天然的或逐渐获得的抗性现象,而且这两者在临床用有效抗癌剂量时,又可出现不同程度的副作用。为此有人用IFN和TNF联合处理肿瘤细胞,发现它们具有协同抗癌效应,这就为低剂量治疗肿瘤以减轻副作用提供了理论依据。据此。 | 丁仁瑞 冯根生 裴洪平 Milton W.Taylor | 1992 | 病毒学报1992，8，4： | 6 |
| 11 | Adult-to-adult living-donor liver transplantation: The experience of the Université catholique de Louvain显示文摘Background: Liver transplantation is the treatment for end-stage liver diseases and well-selected malignancies. The allograft shortage may be alleviated with living donation. The initial UCLouvain experience of adult living-donor liver transplantation(LDLT) is presented. Methods: A retrospective analysis of 64 adult-to-adult LDLTs performed at our institution between 1998 and 2016 was conducted. The median age of 29(45.3%) females and 35(54.7%) males was 50.2 years(interquartile range, IQR 32.9–57.5). Twenty-two(34.4%) recipients had no portal hypertension. Three(4.7%) patients had a benign and 33(51.6%) a malignant tumor [19(29.7%) hepatocellular cancer, 11(17.2%) secondary cancer and one(1.6%) each hemangioendothelioma, hepatoblastoma and embryonal liver sarcoma]. Median donor and recipient follow-ups were 93 months(IQR 41–159) and 39 months(22–91), respectively. Results: Right and left hemi-livers were implanted in 39(60.9%) and 25(39.1%) cases, respectively. Median weights of right-and left-liver were 810 g(IQR 730–940) and 454 g(IQR 394–534), respectively. Graft-to-recipient weight ratios(GRWRs) were 1.17%(right, IQR 0.98%-1.4%) and 0.77%(left, 0.59%-0.95%). One-and five-year patient survivals were 85% and 71%(right) vs. 84% and 58%(left), respectively. Oneand five-year graft survivals were 74% and 61%(right) vs. 76% and 53%(left), respectively. The patient and graft survival of right and left grafts and of very small( < 0.6%), small(0.6%–0.79%) and large( ≥0.8%) GRWR were similar. Survival of very small grafts was 86% and 86% at 3-and 12-month. No donor died while five(7.8%) developed a Clavien–Dindo complication IIIa, IIIb or IV. Recipient morbidity consisted mainly of biliary and vascular complications; three(4.7%) recipients developed a small-for-size syndrome according to the Kyushu criteria. Conclusions: Adult-to-adult LDLT is a demanding procedure that widens therapeutic possibilities of many hepatobiliary diseases. The donor procedure can be done safely with low morbidity. The recipient operation carries a major morbidity indicating an important learning curve. Shifting the risk from the donor to the recipient, by moving from the larger right-liver to the smaller left-liver grafts, should be further explored as this policy makes donor hepatectomy safer and may stimulate the development of transplant oncology. | Samuele Iesari Milton Eduardo Inostroza Nú?ez Juan Manuel Rico Juri Olga Ciccarelli Eliano Bonaccorsi-Riani Laurent Coubeau Pierre-Fran?ois Laterre Pierre Goffette Chantal De Reyck Beno?t Lengelé Pierre Gianello Jan Lerut | 2019 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2019，18，2： | 5 |
| 12 | Measuring intercultural sensitivity: The intercultural development inventory显示文摘 | Mitchell R. Hammer Milton J. Bennett Richard Wiseman | 2003 | International Journal of Intercultural Relations2003，，4： | 4 |
| 13 | Modeling the Potential Geographic Distribution of Black Pepper(Piper nigrum)in Asia Using GIS Tools显示文摘Known as the 'king of spices',black pepper(Piper nigrum),a perennial crop of the tropics,is economically the most important and the most widely used spice crop in the world.To understand its suitable bioclimatic distribution,maximum entropy based on ecological niche modeling was used to model the bioclimatic niches of the species in its Asian range.Based on known occurrences,bioclimatic areas with higher probabilities are mainly located in the eastern and western coasts of the Indian Peninsula,the east of Sumatra Island,some areas in the Malay Archipelago,and the southeast coastal areas of China.Some undocumented places were also predicted as suitable areas.According to the jackknife procedure,the minimum temperature of the coldest month,the mean monthly temperature range,and the precipitation of the wettest month were identified as highly effective factors in the distribution of black pepper and could possibly account for the crop's distribution pattern.Such climatic requirements inhibited this species from dispersing and gaining a larger geographical range. | HAO Chao-yun FAN Rui Milton Cezar Ribeiro TAN Le-he WU Hua-song YANG Jian-feng ZHENG Wei-quan YU Huan | 2012 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2012，11，4： | 4 |
| 14 | 多肽和蛋白质的反相高效液相色谱研究——色谱行为的多样性显示文摘以C8 柱为固定相 ,研究了微管结合蛋白2中两段重要肽段(肽1 ,肽2)和猪胰岛素在反相色谱上的保留行为。当以甲醇溶液为流动相时 ,猪胰岛素保留因子的对数值(lnK′)随流动相有机溶剂体积分数(φ)的变化呈现很好的线性关系。当以乙腈为流动相测定肽1的lnK′随 φ变化关系时 ,所得结果显示lnK′与 φ呈现良好的二次曲线关系。以乙腈为流动相测定肽1和肽2的Van'tHoff曲线(lnK′与1/T的关系图)时 ,发现两种多肽的Van'tHoff曲线分别呈二次和三次方曲线。所有这些结果说明多肽和蛋白质在反相色谱中保留行为的复杂性。 | 郭敏亮 Milton T W HEARN Hooi Hong KEAH | 2000 | 分析测试学报2000，19，4： | 4 |
| 15 | 老年性眼病研究项目中与病情严重的老年性黄斑变性发生有关的危险因素:第19号AREDS报道 | Milton R.C. Clemons T.E. Klien R. 张鹏 | 2005 | 世界核心医学期刊文摘(眼科学分册)2005，0，11： | 4 |
| 16 | The effect of total carbon on microscopic soil properties and implications for crop production显示文摘Soil structure is a dynamic property affected by physical, chemical, and microbiological processes. Addition of organic matter to soils and the use of different management practices have been reported to impact soil structure and crop production. Moderation in soil temperature and increases in microbial activity and soil water retention are often suggested as reasons for the rise in crop yield when organic matter is added to the soil. Less is known about the direct effect of changes in soil structure on crop production. A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of summer cover crop and in-season management system on soil structure. The experiment was a nested design with summer cover crop as the main plot and management system as the subplot. Summer cover crop treatments included cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp.) incorporated into the soil in the fall (CI), cowpea used as mulch in the fall (CM), sudangrass (Sorghum vulgare) incorporated into the soil in the fall (S), and dry fallow or bare ground (B). Management systems were organic (ORG) and conventional (CNV) systems. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and cantaloupes (Cucumis melo L.) were cultivated in rotation in the plots for three consecutive years using the same cover crops and management systems for each plot. Disturbed and undisturbed soil cores were collected at the end of the third year and used for laboratory experiments to measure physical, chemical, and hydraulic properties. Image analysis was used to quantify soil structure properties using a scanning electron microscope on thin sections prepared from the undisturbed soil cores. We found that total soil carbon was correlated with porosity, saturation percentage, and pore roughness. Pore roughness was correlated with crop production in general and with marketable production in particular. We found that the higher the complexity of the pore space, the more water retained in the soil, which may increase soil water residence and reduce plant water stress. | Inma LEBRON Milton Earl MCGIFFEN Jr Donald Louis SUAREZ | 2012 | Journal of Arid Land2012，4，3： | 4 |
| 17 | The angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor LCZ696 in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: a phase 2 double-blind randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Scott D Solomon Michael Zile Burkert Pieske Adriaan Voors Amil Shah Elisabeth Kraigher-Krainer Victor Shi Toni Bransford Madoka Takeuchi Jianjian Gong Martin Lefkowitz Milton Packer John JV McMurray | 2012 | 2012 (9851)2012，，9851： | 3 |
| 18 | Endocrine radionuclide scintigraphy with fusion single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography显示文摘AIM: To review the benefits of single photon emission computed tomography(SPECT)/computed tomography(CT) hybrid imaging for diagnosis of various endocrine disorders.METHODS: We performed MEDLINE and Pub Med searches using the terms: 'SPECT/CT'; 'functional anatomic mapping'; 'transmission emission tomography'; 'parathyroid adenoma'; 'thyroid cancer'; 'neuroendocrine tumor'; 'adrenal'; 'pheochromocytoma'; 'paraganglioma'; in order to identify relevant articles published in English during the years 2003 to 2015. Reference lists from the articles were reviewed to identify additional pertinent articles. Retrieved manuscripts(case reports, reviews, meta-analyses and abstracts) concerning the application of SPECT/CT to endocrine imaging were analyzed to provide a descriptive synthesis of the utility of this technology.RESULTS: The emergence of hybrid SPECT/CT camera technology now allows simultaneous acquisition of combined multi-modality imaging, with seamless fusion of three-dimensional volume datasets. The usefulness of combining functional information to depict the biodistribution of radiotracers that map cellular processes of the endocrine system and tumors of endocrine origin, with anatomy derived from CT, has improved the diagnostic capability of scintigraphy for a range of disorders of endocrine gland function. The literature describes benefits of SPECT/CT for ^(99m)Tc-sestamibi parathyroid scintigraphy and ^(99m)Tc-pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy, ^(123)I- or ^(131)I-radioiodine for staging of differentiated thyroid carcinoma, ^(111)In- and ^(99m)Tclabeled somatostatin receptor analogues for detection of neuroendocrine tumors, ^(131)I-norcholesterol(NP-59) scans for assessment of adrenal cortical hyperfunction, and ^(123)I- or ^(131)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine imaging for evaluation of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma.CONCLUSION: SPECT/CT exploits the synergism between the functional information from radiopharmaceutical imaging and anatomy from CT, translating to improved diagnostic accuracy and meaningful impact on patient care. | Ka-Kit Wong Arpit Gandhi Benjamin L Viglianti Lorraine M Fig Domenico Rubello Milton D Gross | 2016 | World Journal of Radiology2016，8，6： | 3 |
| 19 | Comparative Effects of Low and High Doses of the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, Lisinopril, on Morbidity and Mortality in Chronic Heart Failure显示文摘 | Milton Packer Philip A. Poole-Wilson Paul W. Armstrong John G.F. Cleland John D. Horowitz Barry M. Massie Lars Rydén Kristian Thygesen Barry F. Uretsky | 1999 | Circulation1999，，23： | 2 |
| 20 | System dynamic modelling to assess economic viability and risk trade-offs for ecological restoration in South Africa显示文摘 | D.J. Crookes J.N. Blignaut M.P. de Wit K.J. Esler D.C. Le Maitre S.J. Milton S.A. Mitchell J. Cloete P. de Abreu H. Fourie (nee Vlok) K. Gull D. Marx W. Mugido T. Ndhlovu M. Nowell M. Pauw A. Rebelo | 2013 | Journal of Environmental Management2013，，： | 2 |
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