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| 1 | Severe acute pancreatitis: pathogenesis, diagnosis and surgical management显示文摘BACKGROUND: Severe acute pancreatitis is a subtype of acute pancreatitis, associated with multiple organ failure and systemic inflammatory response syndrome. In this qualitative review we looked at the principles of pathogenesis, classification and surgical management of severe acute pancreatitis. We also looked at the current shift in paradigm in the management of severe acute pancreatitis since the guideline developed by the British Society of Gastroenterology.DATA SOURCES: Studies published between 1st January 1991 and 31st December 2015 were identified with Pub Med, MEDLINE, EMBASE and Google Scholar online search engines using the following Medical Subject Headings: 'acute pancreatitis, necrosis, mortality, pathogenesis, incidence' and the terms 'open necrosectomy and minimally invasive necrosectomy'.The National Institute of Clinical Excellence(NICE) Guidelines were also included in our study. Inclusion criteria for our clinical review included established guidelines, randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials with a follow-up duration of more than 6 weeks.RESULTS: The incidence of severe acute pancreatitis within the UK is significantly rising and pathogenetic theories are still controversial. In developed countries, the most common cause is biliary calculi. The British Society of Gastroenterology,acknowledges the Revised Atlanta criteria for prediction of severity. A newer Determinant-based system has been developed.The principle of surgical management of acute necrotizing pancreatitis requires intensive care management, identifying infection and if indicated, debridement of any infected necrotic area. The current procedures opted for include standard surgical open necrosectomy, endoscopic necrosectomy and minimally invasive necrosectomy. The current paradigm is shifting towards a step-up approach.CONCLUSIONS: Severe acute pancreatitis is still a subject of grey areas in its surgical management even though new studies have been recorded since the origin of the latest UK guidelines for management of severe acute pancreatitis. | Mark Portelli Christopher David Jones | 2017 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2017，16，2： | 201 |
| 2 | 保持围手术期体温正常 一种减少手术并发症的简单、安全和有效的方法显示文摘围手术期低体温的危害尚未引起人们的重视,这种危害包括伤口感染率、心血管并发症和失血量的增加,以及病人的恢复和住院时间延长。而保持病人的体温在36℃或以上是有益的并可节省费用。 Frank等人对接受胸部。 | Christopher Mark Harper Thomas McNicholas S Gowrie-Mohan 黄宇光 | 2003 | 英国医学杂志中文版2003，6，4： | 51 |
| 3 | SDN在IP网络演进中的作用显示文摘Web已经改变了一切。新的服务每天都在出现,并且有些服务一夜之间就能够获得巨大的用户量,导致网络中的使用方式和流量模式完全难以预测。过去所建立的基础设施难以适应这些新变化,为了满足这些需求,网络必须能够快速、自动、经济地适应新的变化。软件定义网络(SDN)和网络功能虚拟化(NFV)就是其中两个能灵活地使能上述需求的技术。本文描述了SDN在IP网络领域中所起的作用(包括在实现NFV方面的关键作用),并介绍了关于网络如何引入SDN和NFV的场景和多个使用案例,用于说明SDN和NFV如何使得网络更加敏捷、可编程、优化地支持业务和用户的特殊需求。 | Mark M.Clougherty Christopher A.White Harish Viswanathan Colin L.Kahn | 2014 | 电信科学2014，30，5： | 25 |
| 4 | Coal bursts in the deep longwall mines of the United States显示文摘 | Christopher Mark | 2016 | International Journal of Coal Science & Technology2016，3，1： | 20 |
| 5 | Evaluating the risk of coal bursts in underground coal mines显示文摘Coal bursts involve the sudden,violent ejection of coal or rock into the mine workings. They are almost always accompanied by a loud noise,like an explosion,and ground vibration. Bursts are a particular hazard for miners because they typically occur without warning. Despite decades of research,the sources and mechanics of these events are not well understood,and therefore they are difficult to predict and control. Experience has shown,however,that certain geologic and mining factors are associated with an increased likelihood of a coal burst. A coal burst risk assessment consists of evaluating the degree to which these risk factors are present,and then identifying appropriate control measures to mitigate the hazard. This paper summarizes the U.S. and international experience with coal bursts,and describes the known risk factors in detail. It includes a framework that can be used to guide the risk assessment process. | Mark Christopher Gauna Michael | 2016 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2016，26，1： | 15 |
| 6 | Alcoholic pancreatitis:New insights into the pathogenesisand treatment显示文摘Acute pancreatitis is a necro-inflammatory disease of the exocrine pancreas that is characterized by inappropriate activation of zymogens, infiltration of the pancreas by inflammatory cells, and destruction of the pancreatic exocrine cells. Acute pancreatitis can progress to a severe life-threatening disease. Currently there is no pharmacotherapy to prevent or treat acute pancreatitis. One of the more common factors associated with acute pancreatitis is alcohol abuse. Although commonly associated with pancreatitis alcohol alone is unable to cause pancreatitis. Instead, it appears that alcohol and its metabolic by-products predispose the pancreas to damage from agents that normally do not cause pancreatitis, or to more severe disease from agents that normally cause mild pancreatic damage. Over the last 10 to 20 years, a tremendous amount of work has defined a number of alcohol-mediated biochemical changes in pancreatic cells. Among these changes are: Sustained levels of intracellular calcium, activation of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, endoplasmic reticulum stress, impairment in autophagy, alteration in the activity of transcriptional activators, and colocalization of lysosomal and pancreatic digestive enzymes. Elucidation of these changes has led to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which ethanol predisposes acinar cells to damage. This greater understanding has revealed a number of promising targets for therapeutic intervention. It is hoped that further investigation of these targets will lead to the development of pharmacotherapy that is effective in treating and preventing the progression of acute pancreatitis. | Dahn L Clemens Katrina J Schneider Christopher K Arkfeld Jaclyn R Grode Mark A Wells Shailender Singh | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2016，7，1： | 10 |
| 7 | Testicular expression of survivin and human telomerase reverse transcriptase(hTERT)associated with spermatogenic function in infertile patients显示文摘瞄准:与改变精子发生的功能在人的睾丸描绘 survivin, apoptosis (国际星际航空联合会) 的一个禁止者,和人的 telomerase 颠倒 transcriptase (hTERT ) 的 coexpression。方法:survivin mRNA 和 hTERT mRNA 的抄本层次用即时反向抄写的聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR ) 与有缺点的精子发生(n=28 ) 在正常睾丸(n=11 ) 和睾丸被决定。组织学的病情的检查根据一个修改 Johnsen 分数被执行。结果:survivin 和 hTERT 的表情在正常精子发生在 96.8 和 709 的中部的层次是最高的并且随减数分裂后精子发生的拘捕(n=10 ) 在睾丸落下到 53.3 和 534。在严重精子发生的失败( n=18 ), survivin 表示缺乏大多数标本( n=16 ),而阴囊的 hTERT 表示的至少底层在 premeiotic 精子发生的拘捕( n=7 )与 73 的规范的表情大部分是可检测的并且 45 在有 Sertoli 房间唯一的症候群( SCOS )( n=3 )的病人。survivin 和 hTERT 表情与一个进行的 Johnsen 分数(为 trend=0.001 的 P ) 增加了。结论:尽管 survivin 和 hTERT 与精子发生的功能被相关,他们在不肥沃的病人的睾丸显示出不同表示模式。这些调查结果在在 meiotically 划分生殖细胞建议 survivin 的占优势的表情的啮齿类动物睾丸从研究证实结果。 | Steffen Weikert Frank Christoph Wolfgang Schulze Hans Krause Carsten Kempkensteffen Martin Schostak Kurt Miller Mark Schrader | 2006 | Asian Journal of Andrology2006，8，1： | 8 |
| 8 | Coal bursts that occur during development: A rock mechanics enigma显示文摘Coal bursts are typically associated with highly stressed coal.Most bursts occur during retreat mining(longwall mining or pillar recovery) in highly stressed locations like the tailgate corner of the longwall panel.Others are associated with multiple seam interactions.However, a small but significant percentage of coal bursts have occurred during development or in outby locations unaffected by active mining.Most development bursts have been relatively small, but some have been highly destructive.No theory of coal bursts can be complete if it does not account for this type of event.This paper focusses on the development mining coal burst experience in the US, putting it into the context of the entire US coal burst database.The first documented development coal burst occurred almost exactly 100 years ago during slope drivage at the Sunnyside Mine in Utah.Sunnyside subsequently had a long history of bursts, mainly during retreat mining but also during development.Several Colorado mines have also experienced multiple development bursts.Many, but by no means all, of the development bursts in these western US coalfields have been associated with known faults.In the Central Appalachian coalfields, most development bursts have occurred in multiple seam situations.In some of these cases, however, there was no retreat mining in either seam.The paper closes with some lessons from this history, with implications for preventing such events in the future. | Christopher Mark | 2018 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2018，28，1： | 8 |
| 9 | Science of empirical design in mining ground control显示文摘Many problems in rock engineering are limited by our imperfect knowledge of the material properties and failure mechanics of rock masses. Mining problems are somewhat unique, however, in that plenty of real world experience is generally available and can be turned into valuable experimental data.Every pillar that is developed, or stope that is mined, represents a full-scale test of a rock mechanics design. By harvesting these data, and then using the appropriate statistical techniques to interpret them,mining engineers have developed powerful design techniques that are widely used around the world.Successful empirical methods are readily accepted because they are simple, transparent, practical, and firmly tethered to reality. The author has been intimately associated with empirical design for his entire career, but his previous publications have described the application of individual techniques to specific problems. The focus of this paper is the process used to develop a successful empirical method. A sixstage process is described: identification of the problem, and of the end users of the final product; development of a conceptual rock mechanics model, and identification of the key parameters in that model;identification of measures for each of the key parameters, and the development of new measures(such as rating scales) where necessary; data sources and data collection; statistical analysis; and packaging of the final product. Each of these stages has its own potential rewards and pitfalls, which will be illustrated by incidents from the author's own experience. The ultimate goal of this paper is to provide a new and deeper appreciation for empirical techniques, as well as some guidelines and opportunities for future developers. | Mark Christopher | 2016 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2016，26，3： | 8 |
| 10 | 眼前节内眼手术应用5%吡咯烷酮碘两种不同用法的前瞻性随机化比较研究显示文摘目的:确定5%吡咯烷酮碘采用两种不同的方法(结膜囊滴两滴和10ml溶液穹窿结膜冲洗)对降低结膜囊菌群的功效。方法:在这项前瞻性对照实验中。将行眼前节手术的200只眼随机分为对照组和研究组。两组病例术前均给予氧氟沙星滴眼液局部点眼和5%吡咯烷酮碘眶周区域皮肤擦洗消毒。术前对照组眼结膜囊内给予2滴5%吡咯烷酮碘溶液,研究组眼用5%吡咯烷酮碘溶液冲洗穹窿结膜。分别于术前和术后4个时间点行结膜细菌培养。结果:研究组78只眼中20只眼(26%)术前结膜细菌培养阳性:对照组94只眼中40只眼(43%)为阳性(P=0.02)。手术结束时。研究组78只眼中14只眼(18%)、对照组94只眼中30只眼(32%)结膜细菌培养阳性(PP=0.05)。结论:手术时应用5%吡咯烷酮碘溶液冲洗穹窿结膜与结膜囊仅点入两滴相比。前者显著降低了结膜细菌培养阳性率。 | Herminia Mino de Kaspar Robert T. Chang Kuldev Singh Peter R. Egbert Mark S. Blumenkranz Christopher N. Ta 董白霞(译) 马景学(校) | 2005 | 美国医学会眼科杂志(中文版)2005，17，3： | 6 |
| 11 | 2011年ASA/ACCF/AHA/AANN/AANS/ACR/ASNR/CNS/SAIP/SCAI/SIR/SNIS/SVM/SVS颅外颈动脉和椎动脉疾病患者处理指南显示文摘导言医疗专业人员在对与疾病检测、处理或预防中使用的药物、装置和操作相关的证据的严格评价中扮演的核心角色是十分必要的。对涉及这些疗法和操作的绝对和相对益处和风险的现有资料进行适当和严格的专业分析,可通过将资源集中于最有效的治疗策略,从而改善治疗效果、优化患者转归和合理控制成本。这些资料的一种重要应用是制定临床实践指南,后者进而能为其他各种应用,如绩效评价、合理应用标准、临床决策支持工具和质量改进工具提供依据。 | Thomas G.Brott Jonathan L.Halperin Suhny Abbara J.Michael Bacharach John D.Barr Ruth L.Bush Christopher U.Cares Mark A.Creager Susan B.Fowler 曲东锋(译) 陈兴洲(译) | 2013 | 国际脑血管病杂志2013，21，9： | 6 |
| 12 | Sustained Type I interferon signaling as a mechanism of resistance to PD-1 blockade显示文摘PD-1 blockade represents a major therapeutic avenue in anticancer immunotherapy.Delineating mechanisms of secondary resistance to this strategy is increasingly important.Here,we identified the deleterious role of signaling via the type I interferon(IFN)receptor in tumor and antigen presenting cells,that induced the expression of nitric oxide synthase 2(N0S2),associated with intratumor accumulation of regulatory T cells(Treg)and myeloid cells and acquired resistance to anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody(mAb).Sustained IFNP transcription was observed in resistant tumors,in turn inducing PD-L1 and N0S2 expression in both tumor and dendritic cells(DC).Whereas PD-L1 was not involved in secondary resistance to anti-PD-1 mAb,pharmacological or genetic inhibition of N0S2 maintained long-term control of tumors by PD-1 blockade,through reduction of Treg and DC activation.Resistance to immunotherapies,including anti-PD-1 mAb in melanoma patients,was also correlated with the induction of a type I IFN signature.Hence,the role of type I IFN in response to PD-1 blockade should be revisited as sustained type I IFN signaling may contribute to resistance to therapy. | Nicolas Jacquelot Takahiro Yamazaki Maria PRoberti Connie PMDuong Miles CAndrews Loic Verlingue Gladys Ferrere Sonia Becharef Marie Vetizou Romain Daillere Meriem Messaoudene David PEnot Gautier Stoll Stefano Ugel Maria Marigo Shin Foong Ngiow Aurelien Marabelle Armelle Prevost-Blondel Pierre-Olivier Gaudreau Vancheswaran Gopalakrishnan Alexander MEggermont Paule Opolon Christophe Klein Gabriele Madonna Paolo AAscierto Antje Sucker Dirk Schadendorf Mark JSm yth Jean-Charles Soria Guido Kroemer Vincenzo Bronte Jennifer Wargo and Laurence Zitvogel | 2019 | Cell Research2019，29，10： | 6 |
| 13 | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The mist gradually clears显示文摘 | Nimantha Mark Wilfred de Alwis Christopher Paul Day | 2008 | Journal of Hepatology2008，，： | 5 |
| 14 | Analysis of coal pillar stability(ACPS): A new generation of pillar design software显示文摘Thirty years ago, the analysis of longwall pillar stability(ALPS) inaugurated a new era in coal pillar design.ALPS was the first empirical pillar design technique to consider the abutment loads that arise from full extraction, and the first to be calibrated using an extensive database of longwall mining case histories.ALPS was followed by the analysis of retreat mining stability(ARMPS) and the analysis of multiple seam stability(AMSS). These methods incorporated other innovations, including the coal mine roof rating(CMRR), the Mark-Bieniawski pillar strength formula, and the pressure arch loading model. They also built upon ever larger case history databases and employed more sophisticated statistical methods.Today, these empirical methods are used in nearly every underground coal mine in the US. However,the piecemeal manner in which these methods have evolved resulted in some weaknesses. For example,in certain situations, it may not be obvious which program is the best to use. Other times the results from the different programs are not entirely consistent with each other. The programs have also not been updated for several years, and some changes were necessary to keep pace with new developments in mining practice. The analysis of coal pillar stability(ACPS) now integrates all three of the older software packages into a single pillar design framework. ACPS also incorporates the latest research findings in the field of pillar design, including an expanded multiple seam case history data base and a new method to evaluate room and pillar panels containing multiple rows of pillars left in place during pillar recovery.ACPS also includes updated guidance and warnings for users and features upgraded help files and graphics. | Christopher Mark Zach Agioutantis | 2019 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2019，29，1： | 5 |
| 15 | Failure mechanisms of a spudcan penetrating next to an existing footprint显示文摘Reinstallation of mobile jack-up rigs next to existing footprints is a problematic operation because the spudcan located near the footprints is subjected to eccentric and/or inclined loading conditions.Geotechnical centrifuge studies have measured these loads for combinations of changing footprint geometry,footprint soil properties and the offset of the reinstallation from the footprint centre.These tests have been of full model spudcans in order to accurately measure the combined loads developed.They have not provided information on the mechanisms of failure occurring during this complex installation.Observations from a visualisation test,where a half spudcan is penetrated against a transparent window in a geotechnical centrifuge,are reported in this paper.The mechanisms of failure at different stages during the penetration are presented. | Vickie Kong Mark J.Cassidy Christophe Gaudin | 2015 | Theoretical & Applied Mechanics Letters2015，5，2： | 5 |
| 16 | Expression of the oxygen-sensitive transcription factor subunit HIF-1α in patients suffering from secondary Raynaud syndrome显示文摘Anti-ischemic therapy remains a challenge due to the complexity of hypoxia response pathways. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1 is a heterodimer tran scription factor con sisti ng of 2 sub units, HIF-1α and HIF-1β. Hypoxia-depe ndent activatio n of HIF-1α regulates cellular 02 homeostasis. Raynaud syndrome (RS), as a comorbidity of the autoimmune disease systemic sclerosis (SS), is characterized by vasospasms that limit blood flow to the limbs, resulting in hypoxia. A single-center randomized study was con ducted to compare prostagla ndin E1 (PgEI) therapy with a treatme nt combi ning PgE1 and an en dotheli n-1 blocker, bosentan. A total of 30 patients suffering from SS with RS were enrolled. We examined the regulation of HIF-1α, its target heme oxygenase-1 (HMOX-1), and the serum levels of the HIF-1α protein in a subset of patients as well as in ten healthy individuals. The expression of HIF-1α and HMOX-1 in monocytes was measured using absolute plasmid-based quantitative real-time PCR, whereas serum HIF-1α levels were measured with ELISA. Samples were taken at the time of randomization and after 24 weeks. We found that HIF-1α and HMOX-1 mRNA expression in monocytes and serum HIF-1α protein levels were significantly higher in the SS/RS patients compared to the healthy control group. Single-drug therapy significantly increased HIF-1α and HMOX-1 mRNA expression in monocytes and serum HIF-1α protein levels in the SS/RS patients compared to those at the time of randomization, whereas combining PgE1 with an en dotheli n-1 blocker preve nted the further in creases in HIF-1α and HMOX-1 expressi on. We propose HIF-1α and HMOX-1 as novel markers for anti-ischemic therapy in RS. | Lukas Andreas Heger Mark Kerber Marcus Hortmann Samuel Robinson Maximilian Mauler Daniela Stallmann Daniel Duerschmied Christoph Bode Christoph Hehrlein Ingo Ahrens | 2019 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2019，40，4： | 5 |
| 17 | A history of high-power laser research and development in the United Kingdom显示文摘The first demonstration of laser action in ruby was made in 1960 by T.H.Maiman of Hughes Research Laboratories,USA.Many laboratories worldwide began the search for lasers using different materials,operating at different wavelengths.In the UK,academia,industry and the central laboratories took up the challenge from the earliest days to develop these systems for a broad range of applications.This historical review looks at the contribution the UK has made to the advancement of the technology,the development of systems and components and their exploitation over the last 60 years. | Colin N.Danson Malcolm White John R.M.Barr Thomas Bett Peter Blyth David Bowley Ceri Brenner Robert J.Collins Neal Croxford A.E.Bucker Dangor Laurence Devereux Peter E.Dyer Anthony Dymoke-Bradshaw Christopher B.Edwards Paul Ewart Allister I.Ferguson John M.Girkin Denis R.Hall David C.Hanna Wayne Harris David I.Hillier Christopher J.Hooker Simon M.Hooker Nicholas Hopps Janet Hull David Hunt Dino A.Jaroszynski Mark Kempenaars Helmut Kessler Sir Peter L.Knight Steve Knight Adrian Knowles Ciaran L.S.Lewis Ken S.Lipton Abby Littlechild John Littlechild Peter Maggs Graeme P.A.Malcolm OBE Stuart P.D.Mangles William Martin Paul McKenna Richard O.Moore Clive Morrison Zulfikar Najmudin David Neely Geoff H.C.New Michael J.Norman Ted Paine Anthony W.Parker Rory R.Penman Geoff J.Pert Chris Pietraszewski Andrew Randewich Nadeem H.Rizvi Nigel Seddon MBE Zheng-Ming Sheng David Slater Roland A.Smith Christopher Spindloe Roy Taylor Gary Thomas John W.G.Tisch Justin S.Wark Colin Webb S.Mark Wiggins Dave Willford Trevor Winstone | 2021 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2021，9，2： | 5 |
| 18 | Handgrip strength and health outcomes: Umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies显示文摘Purpose:The aim of the present study was to assess both the credibility and strength of evidence arising from systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies on handgrip strength and health outcomes.Methods:An umbrella review of systematic reviews with meta-analyses of observational studies was conducted.We assessed meta-analyses of observational studies based on random-effect summary effect sizes and their p values,95%prediction intervals,heterogeneity,small-study effects,and excess significance.We graded the evidence from convincing(Class I)to weak(Class IV).Results:From 504 articles returned in a search of the literature,8 systematic reviews were included in our review,with a total of 11 outcomes.Overall,nine of the 11 of the outcomes reported nominally significant summary results(p<0.05),with 4 associations surviving the application of the more stringent p value(p<106).No outcome presented convincing evidence.Three associations showed Class II evidence(i.e.,highly suggestive):(1)higher handgrip values at baseline were associated with a minor reduction in mortality risk in the general population(n=34 studies;sample size=1,855,817;relative risk=0.72,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.670.78),(2)cardiovascular death risk in mixed populations(n=15 studies;relative risk=0.84,95%CI:0.780.91),and(3)incidence of disability(n=7 studies;relative risk=0.76,95%CI:0.660.87).Conclusion:The present results show that handgrip strength is a useful indicator for general health status and specifically for early all-cause and cardiovascular mortality,as well as disability.To further inform intervention strategies,future research is now required to fully understand mechanisms linking handgrip strength scores to these health outcomes. | Pinar Soysal Christopher Hurst Jacopo Demurtas Joseph Firth Reuben Howden Lin Yang Mark A.Tully Ai Koyanagi Petre Cristian Ilie Guillermo F.Lopez-Sanchez Lukas Schwingshackl Nicola Veronese Lee Smith | 2021 | Journal of Sport and Health Science2021，10，3： | 5 |
| 19 | Posthepatectomy liver failure: A definition and grading by the International Study Group of Liver Surgery (ISGLS)显示文摘 | Nuh N. Rahbari O. James Garden Robert Padbury Mark Brooke-Smith Michael Crawford Rene Adam Moritz Koch Masatoshi Makuuchi Ronald P. Dematteo Christopher Christophi Simon Banting Val Usatoff Masato Nagino Guy Maddern Thomas J. Hugh Jean-Nicolas Vauthey Pau | 2011 | Surgery2011，，5： | 4 |
| 20 | Preventing roof fall fatalities during pillar recovery:A ground control success story显示文摘For decades, pillar recovery accounted for a quarter of all roof fall fatalities in underground coal mines.Studies showed that a miner on a pillar recovery section was at least three times more likely to be killed by a roof fall than other coal miners. Since 2007, however, there has been just one fatal roof fall on a pillar line. This paper describes the process that resulted in this historic achievement. It covers both the key research findings and the ways in which those insights, beginning in the early 2000 s, were implemented in mining practice. One key finding was that safe pillar recovery requires both global and local stability.Global stability is addressed primarily through proper pillar design, and became a major focus after the2007 Crandall Canyon mine disaster. But the most significant improvements resulted from detailed studies that showed that local stability, defined as roof control in the immediate work area, could be achieved with three interventions:(1) leaving an engineered final stump, rather than extracting the entire pillar,(2) enhancing roof bolt support, particularly in intersections, and(3) increasing the use of mobile roof supports(MRS). A final component was an emphasis on better management of pillar recovery operations.This included a focus on worker positioning, as well as on the pillar and lift sequences, MRS operations,and hazard identification. As retreat mines have incorporated these elements into their roof control plans,it has become clear that pillar recovery is not ‘‘inherently unsafe.' The paper concludes with a discussion of the challenges that remain, including the problems of rib falls and coal bursts. | Mark Christopher Gauna Michael | 2017 | International Journal of Mining Science and Technology2017，27，1： | 4 |
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