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| 1 | Nrf2是调控解毒、抗氧化、抗炎等细胞保护机制的重要转录因子--它的活性可被保健食物及其他因素增强(英文)显示文摘转录因子Nrf2(nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2)可激活人类基因组中500多种基因的转录,这些基因大多数具有细胞保护功能。Nrf2通过解毒机制产生细胞保护作用,这些机制增强了有害异物和有毒金属的解毒和排泄。Nrf2经20多种基因的作用来增加高度协调的抗氧化活性;Nrf2也具有重要的抗炎作用;Nrf2促进线粒体的生物合成抑或提高线粒体功能;Nrf2增强细胞自噬以清除毒性蛋白的聚集体和功能异常的细胞器。有益健康的营养素和其他因素,包括酚类抗氧化剂、γ-和δ-生育酚和三烯生育酚、长链Ω-3脂肪酸DHA和EPA、类胡萝卜素(其中番茄红素可能活性最强)、十字花科蔬菜中的异硫氰酸酯、葱蒜类蔬菜中的硫化物、及萜类化合物,至少部分是通过增加Nrf2活性起作用的。其他一些有益健康并增加Nrf2活性的因素包括低水平的氧化应激[毒物兴奋效应(hormesis)]、锻炼和热量限制。现已发现,增加Nrf2活性可预防和/或治疗模型动物和/或人类许多慢性炎症性疾病,包括各种心血管疾病、肾脏疾病、肺脏疾病、中毒性肝损伤疾病、癌症(预防)、糖尿病/代谢综合征/肥胖、败血症、自身免疫性疾病、炎性肠病、HIV/AIDS及癫痫。较少证据提示增加Nrf2活性可降低其他16种疾病的风险,这些疾病中的大多数可能是NO/ONOO-环有关的疾病,而Nrf2可削弱NO/ONOO-环元素的多种作用。已知最健康的饮食(地中海和冲绳地区的传统饮食)富含促进Nrf2活性的营养素,这就像我们的祖先在旧石器时代的饮食一样。Nrf2是否同时具有延长寿命和促进健康的作用是有争议的。Nrf2活性过度的可能负面作用也被讨论。Nrf2不是一个灵丹妙药,但可能对于促进健康非常重要,特别是对于那些日常暴露于有毒化学药品的人。 | Martin L Pall Stephen Levine | 2015 | 生理学报2015，67，1： | 35 |
| 2 | Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis显示文摘Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis(EPS) is a debilitating condition characterized by a fibrocollagenous membrane encasing the small intestine, resulting in recurrent small bowel obstructions. EPS is most commonly associated with long-term peritoneal dialysis, though medications, peritoneal infection, and systemic inflammatory disorders have been implicated. Many cases remain idiopathic. Diagnosis is often delayed given the rarity of the disorder combined with non-specific symptoms and laboratory findings. Although cross-sectional imaging with computed tomography of the abdomen can be suggestive of the disorder, many patients undergo exploratory laparotomy for diagnosis. Mortality approaches 50% one year after diagnosis. Treatment for EPS involves treating the underlying condition or eliminating possible inciting agents(i.e. peritoneal dialysis, medications, infections) and nutritional support, frequently with total parenteral nutrition. EPSspecific treatment depends on the disease stage. In the inflammatory stage, corticosteroids are the treatment of choice, while in the fibrotic stage, tamoxifen may be beneficial. In practice, distinguishing between stages may be difficult and both may be used. Surgical intervention, consisting of peritonectomy and enterolysis, is timeconsuming and high-risk and is reserved for situations in which conservative medical therapy fails in institutions with surgical expertise in this area. Herein we review the available literature of the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of this rare, but potentially devastating disease. | Christopher J Danford Steven C Lin Martin P Smith Jacqueline L Wolf | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，28： | 13 |
| 3 | Endoscopic ultrasound evaluation in the surgical treatment of duodenal and peri-ampullary adenomas显示文摘AIM:To investigate endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) for predicting depth of mucosal invasion and to analyze outcomes following endoscopic and transduodenal resection.METHODS:Records of 111 patients seen at our institution from November 1999 to July 2011 with the postoperative pathological diagnosis of benign ampullary and duodenal adenomas were reviewed.Records of patients who underwent preoperative EUS for diagnostic purposes were identified.The accuracy of EUS in predicting the absence of muscular invasion was assessed by comparing EUS reports to the final surgical pathological results.In addition,the incidence of the post-operative complications over a period of 30 d and the subsequent long-term outcome(recurrence) over a period of 30 mo associated with endoscopic and transduodenal surgical resection was recorded,compared and analyzed.RESULTS:Among 111 patients with benign ampullary and duodenal adenomas,47 underwent preoperative EUS for 29 peri-ampullary lesions and 18 duodenal lesions.In addition,computed tomography was performed in 18 patients,endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography in 10 patients and esophagogastroduodenoscopy in 22 patients.There were 43 patients with sporadic adenomas and 4 patients with familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP)/other polyposis syndromes.In 38(81%,P < 0.05) patients,EUS reliably identified absence of submucosal and muscularis invasion.In 4 cases,EUS underestimated submucosal invasion that was proven by pathology.In the other 5 patients,EUS predicted muscularis invasion which could not be demonstrated in the resected specimen.EUS predicted tumor muscularis invasion with a specificity of 88% and negative predictive value of 90%(P < 0.05).Types of resection performed included endoscopic resection in 22 cases,partial duodenectomy in 9 cases,transduodenal ampullectomy with sphincteroplasty in 10 cases and pancreaticoduodenectomy in 6 cases.The main post-operative final pathological results included villous adenoma(n = 5),adenoma(n = 8),tubulovillous adenoma(n = 10),tubular adenoma(n = 20) and hyperplastic polyp(n = 2).Among the 47 patients who underwent resection,8(17%,5 of which corresponded to surgical resection) developed post-procedural complications which included retroperitoneal hematoma,intra-abdominal abscess,wound infection,delayed gastric emptying and prolonged ileus.After median followup of 20 mo there were 6 local recurrences(13%,median follow-up = 20 mo) 4 of which were in patients with FAP.CONCLUSION:EUS accurately predicts the depth of mucosal invasion in suspected benign ampullary and duodenal adenomas.These patients can safely undergo endoscopic or local resection. | Lilian C Azih Brett L Broussard Milind A Phadnis Martin J Heslin Mohamad A Eloubeidi Shayam Varadarajulu Juan Pablo Arnoletti | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，4： | 13 |
| 4 | 应用低温放热分析测评8个酒用葡萄新品种的抗寒性显示文摘应用低温放热分析(Low Temperature Exotherms Analysis,简称LTE分析)方法对M39-9/74、Kristaly、Sk77- 10/69、Viktor、Norton、Ivan、Vignoles及Michurnetz等8个酒用葡萄新品种(或类型)进行了休眠芽主芽抗寒性测定。结 果表明葡萄品种间的抗寒性存在显著差异,Kristaly的LTE温度最低,Viktor的LTE温度最高;就一个品种而言,不 同月份的LTE温度不同,Kristaly、Viktor、Norton及Ivan等4个品种在各自的不同休眠阶段的LTE温度表现出显著 差异;在休眠中期(1月12日),多数品种的LTE温度最低,该期取样测评能够更好地反映葡萄品种的抗寒性;上述 葡萄品种枝蔓在-5℃冷藏处理2周不能明显降低其LTE温度。 | 张善江 Martin L Kaps | 2005 | 果树学报2005，22，2： | 11 |
| 5 | 欧洲卒中组织(ESO)关于无活动能力的急性缺血性卒中患者静脉血栓栓塞的预防指南显示文摘背景静脉血栓栓塞(venous thromboembolism, VTE)包括深静脉血栓形成(deep vein thrombosis, DVT)和肺栓塞,是无活动能力的急性缺血性卒中患者的常见并发症。本文阐述了欧洲卒中组织(European Stroke Organisation, ESO)关于无活动能力的急性缺血性卒中患者VTE预防的指南。有关出血性卒中的指南已发表。方法一个多学科小组确定了相关问题并使用推荐意见分级评估、制定和评价系统根据随机对照试验证据制定推荐意见。本文经过ESO内部及外部评审,并得到ESO指南委员会和ESO执行委员会批准。结果我们发现的主要是中等质量证据,包括评估梯度压力弹力袜(graduated compression stocking, GCS)、间歇充气加压装置(intermittent pneumatic compression, IPC)以及使用普通肝素(unfractionated heparin, UFH)、低分子量肝素(low molecular weight heparin, LMWH)和类肝素进行预防性抗凝治疗的随机对照试验和系统评价,但未发现评估神经肌肉电刺激(neuromuscular electrical stimulation, NES)的随机试验。我们推荐临床医生对无活动能力的患者使用IPC,但不应使用GCS。在无活动能力的缺血性卒中患者中,如果降低VTE风险的益处足以抵消其使用导致的颅内外出血风险增高,则应考虑使用UFH(5 000 U,2~3次/d)、LMWH或类肝素进行预防性抗凝治疗。如果确定具有预防性抗凝治疗的指征,应考虑使用LMWH或类肝素而非UFH,因为前两者能更明显地降低DVT风险,使用更加便利,人员成本更低,患者舒适度更高(每天仅需注射1次),但这些优势应与LMWH和类肝素的更高颅外出血风险、更高药物成本以及在肾功能不全老年患者中使用的相关风险进行权衡。结论IPC、UFH或LMWH和类肝素可降低无活动能力的急性缺血性卒中患者的VTE风险,但需要进一步研究来评价NES是否有效。其中证据最强的预防手段是IPC。需要更好的方法在卒中发病后最初数周内根据VTE风险和抗凝药的出血风险对患者进行分层。 | Martin Dennis Valeria Caso L Jaap Kappelle Aleksandra Pavlovic Peter Sandercock 刘品一 黄丽丽 徐运 | 2017 | 国际脑血管病杂志2017，25，3： | 11 |
| 6 | Near-infrared fluorescence sentinel lymph node detection in gastric cancer: A pilot study显示文摘AIM: To investigate feasibility and accuracy of nearinfrared fluorescence imaging using indocyanine green: nanocolloid for sentinel lymph node(SLN) detection in gastric cancer.METHODS: A prospective, single-institution, phaseI feasibility trial was conducted. Patients suffering from gastric cancer and planned for gastrectomy were included. During surgery, a subserosal injection of 1.6 m L ICG:Nanocoll was administered around the tumor. NIR fluorescence imaging of the abdominal cavity was performed using the Mini-FLARE? NIR fluorescence imaging system. Lymphatic pathways and SLNs were visualized. Of every detected SLN, the corresponding lymph node station, signal-to-background ratio and histopathological diagnosis was determined. Patients underwent standard-of-care gastrectomy. Detected SLNs outside the standard dissection planes were also resected and evaluated.RESULTS: Twenty-six patients were enrolled. Four patients were excluded because distant metastases were found during surgery or due to technical failure of the injection. In 21 of the remaining 22 patients, at least 1 SLN was detected by NIR Fluorescence imaging(mean 3.1 SLNs; range 1-6). In 8 of the 21 patients, tumor-positive LNs were found. Overall accuracy of the technique was 90%(70%-99%; 95%CI), which decreased by higher p T-stage(100%, 100%, 100%, 90%, 0% for respectively Tx, T1, T2, T3, T4 tumors). All NIR-negative SLNs were completely effaced by tumor. Mean fluorescence signal-to-background ratio of SLNs was 4.4(range 1.4-19.8). In 8 of the 21 patients, SLNs outside the standard resection plane were identified, that contained malignant cells in 2 patients.CONCLUSION: This study shows successful use of ICG:Nanocoll as lymphatic tracer for SLN detection in gastric cancer. Moreover, tumor-containing LNs outside the standard dissection planes were identified. | Quirijn RJG Tummers Leonora SF Boogerd Wobbe O de Steur Floris PR Verbeek Martin C Boonstra Henricus JM Handgraaf John V Frangioni Cornelis JH van de Velde Henk H Hartgrink Alexander L Vahrmeijer | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，13： | 9 |
| 7 | The experimental study of genetic engineering human neural stem cells mediated by lentivirus to express multigene显示文摘 | Cai PQ Tang X Lin YQ Martin O Sun GY Xu L Yang YK Zhou TH | 2006 | 中国生物学文摘2006，20，5： | 6 |
| 8 | Metabolic syndrome and colorectal neoplasms:An ominous association显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the association of metabolic syndrome(MS) and colorectal cancer and adenomas in a Western country,where the incidence of MS is over 27%.METHODS:This was a prospective study between March 2013 and March 2014.MS was diagnosed according to the National Cholesterol Education ProgramATP III.Demographic characteristics,anthropometric measurements,metabolic risk factors,and colonoscopic pathologic findings were assessed in patients with MS(group 1) who underwent routine colonoscopy at our department.This data was compared with consecutive patients without metabolic syndrome(group 2),with no differences regarding sex and age.Patients with incomplete colonoscopy,family history,or past history of colorectal neoplasm were excluded.Informed consent was obtained and the ethics committee approved this study.Statistical analysis was performed using Student's t-test and χ2 test,with a P value ≤ 0.05 being considered statistically significant.RESULTS:Of 258 patients,129 had MS;51% males;mean-age 67.1 years(50-87).Among the MS group,94% had high blood pressure,91% had increased waist circumference,60% had diabetes,55% had low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level,50% had increased triglyceride level,and 54% were obese [body mass index(BMI) 30 kg/m2].51% presented 4 criteria of MS.MS was associated with increased prevalence of adenomas(43% vs 25%,P = 0.004) and colorectal cancer(13% vs 5%,P = 0.027),compared with patients without MS.MS was also positively associated with multiple(≥ 3) adenomas(35% vs 9%,P = 0.024) and sessile adenomas(69% vs 53%,P = 0.05).No difference existed between location(P = 0.086),grade of dysplasia(P = 0.196),or size(P= 0.841) of adenomas.In addition,no difference was found between BMI(P = 0.078),smoking(P = 0.146),alcohol consumption(P = 0.231),and the presence of adenomas.CONCLUSION:MS is positively associated with adenomas and colorectal cancer.However,there is not enough information in western European countries to justify screening in patients with MS.To our knowledge,no previous study has evaluated this association in Portuguese patients. | Daniel Trabulo Suzane Ribeiro Cláudio Martins Cristina Teixeira Cláudia Cardoso Jo?o Mangualde Ricardo Freire élia Gamito Ana L Alves Fátima Augusto Ana P Oliveira Isabelle Cremers | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，17： | 5 |
| 9 | Cryopreservation for delayed circulating tumor cell isolation is a valid strategy for prognostic association of circulating tumor cells in gastroesophageal cancer显示文摘AIM To demonstrate the feasibility of cryopreservation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) for prognostic circulating tumor cell(CTC) detection in gastroesophageal cancer.METHODS Using 7.5 m L blood samples collected in EDTA tubes from patients with gastroesopheagal adenocarcinoma, CTCs were isolated by epithelial cell adhesion molecule based immunomagnetic capture using the Iso Flux platform. Paired specimens taken during the same blood draw(n = 15) were used to compare number of CTCs isolated from fresh and cryopreserved PBMCs. Blood samples were processed within 24 h to recover the PBMC fraction, with PBMCs used for fresh analysis immediately processed for CTC isolation. Cryopreservation of PBMCs lasted from 2 wk to 25.2 mo(median 14.6 mo). CTCs isolated from pre-treatment cryopreserved PBMCs(n = 43) were examined for associations with clinicopathological variables and survival outcomes.RESULTS While there was a significant trend to a decrease in CTC numbers associated with cryopreserved specimens(mean number of CTCs 34.4 vs 51.5, P = 0.04), this was predominately in samples with a total CTC count of > 50, with low CTC count samples less affected(P = 0.06). There was no significant association between the duration of cryopreservation and number of CTCs. In cryopreserved PBMCs from patient samples prior to treatment, a high CTC count(> 17) was associated with poorer overall survival(OS)(n = 43, HR = 4.4, 95%CI: 1.7-11.7, P = 0.0013). In multivariate analysis, after controlling for sex, age, stage, ECOG performance status, and primary tumor location, a high CTC count remained significantly associated with a poorer OS(HR = 3.7, 95%CI: 1.2-12.4, P = 0.03). CONCLUSION PBMC cryopreservation for delayed CTC isolation is a valid strategy to assist with sample collection, transporting and processing. | Daniel Brungs David Lynch Alison WS Luk Elahe Minaei Marie Ranson Morteza Aghmesheh Kara L Vine Martin Carolan Mouhannad Jaber Paul de Souza Therese M Becker | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，7： | 5 |
| 10 | Anterior ankle arthrodesis显示文摘Ankle arthrodesis is a common procedure that resolves many conditions of the foot and ankle; however, complications following this procedure are often reported and vary depending on the fixation technique. Various techniques have been described in the attempt to achieve ankle arthrodesis and there is much debate as to the efficiency of each one. This study aims to evaluate the efficiency of anterior plating in ankle arthrodesis using customised and Synthes Tomo Fix plates. We present the outcomes of 28 ankle arthrodeses between 2005 and 2012, specifically examining rate of union, patient-reported outcomes scores, and complications. All 28 patients achieved radiographic union at an average of 36 wk; the majority of patients(92.86%) at or before 16 wk, the exceptions being two patients with Charcot joints who were noted to have bony union at a three year review. Patient-reported outcomes scores significantly increased(P < 0.05). Complications included two delayed unions as previously mentioned, infection, and extended postoperative pain. With multiple points for fixation and coaxial screw entry points, the contoured customised plate offers added compression and provides a rigid fixation for arthrodesis stabilization. | Gordon L Slater Stephanie C Sayres Martin J O'Malley | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，1： | 5 |
| 11 | A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials implementing aromatase inhibitors to treat male infertility显示文摘Aromatase activity has commonly been associated with male infertility characterized by testicular dysfunction with low serum testosterone and/or testosterone to estradiol ratio.In this subset of patients,and particularly in those with hypogonadism,elevated levels of circulating estradiol may establish a negative feedback on the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis by suppressing follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)and luteinizing hormone(LH)production and impaired spermatogenesis.Hormonal manipulation via different agents such as selective estrogen modulators or aromatase inhibitors to increase endogenous testosterone production and improve spermatogenesis in the setting of infertility is an off-label option for treatment.We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature of the past 30 years in order to evaluate the benefits of the use of aromatase inhibitors in the medical management of infertile/hypoandrogenic males.Overall,eight original articles were included and critically evaluated.Either steroidal(Testolactone)or nonsteroidal(Anastrozole and Letrozole)aromatase inhibitors were found to statistically improve all the evaluated hormonal and seminal outcomes with a safe tolerability profile.While the evidence is promising,future prospective randomized placebo-controlled multicenter trials are necessary to better define the efficacy of these medications. | Francesco Del Giudice Gian Maria Busetto Ettore De Berardinis Isabella Sperduti Matteo Ferro Martina Maggi Martin S Gross Alessandro Sciarra Michael L Eisenberg | 2020 | Asian Journal of Andrology2020，22，4： | 5 |
| 12 | 麻风病全基因组关联分析显示文摘背景:由于麻风分枝杆菌宿主的局限性和难以在体外培养,限制了对麻风病的研究及其生物学方面的了解。宿主的遗传因素不仅影响对麻风菌的易感性,也影响麻风病的病程。方法:采用Illumina Human 610-Quad BeadChips对706个麻风病例及1225名正常对照人群进行全基因组扫描,扫描的结果采用PLINK软件进行统计学分析。根据分析结果对可能阳性的93个SNPs位点在3254个麻风病例及5955名正常对照中验证,以确定麻风病的易感基因。同时我们在麻风病的不同临床型别中进行了异质性检验,以期发现与型别相关的易感基因。结果:(1)研究发现位于6个区域的15个SNPs达到了全基因关联研究水平(P<1.0×10^(-8)),定位了6个麻风病的易感基因:HLA-DR,RIPK2,TNFSF15,CCDC122,C13ORF31和NOD2。另外LRRK2基因对应SNP的P值为5.10×10,提示该基因可能为麻风病的易感基因。(2)研究发现5个SNPs在多菌型麻风病中的遗传效力强于少菌型。结论:位于调节固有免疫NOD2介导的信号通路中基因的变异与麻风病的易感性相关。 | 张福仁 黄薇 陈树民 孙良丹 刘红 李毅 崔勇 颜潇潇 杨海涛 杨荣德 初同胜 张弛 张林 韩建文 于功奇 权晟 于永翔 张铮 史本青 张连华 程晖 王昌媛 林燕 郑厚峰 付希安 左先波 王强 龙恒 孙一萍 程义林 田洪青 周伏圣 刘华绪 陆闻生 何素敏 杜文莉 沈珉 金祺祎 王颖 Hui-Q iLow Tantoso Erwin Ninghan Yang 李金勇 赵欣 娇曰林 毛立国 殷刚 姜珍霞 王晓东 于京平 胡宗厚 巩翠华 柳玉强 刘瑞玉 王德民 魏东 刘金献 曹巍鲲 曹恒仲 李永平 阎维国 魏世玉 王奎军 Martin L Hibberd 杨森 张学军 刘建军 | 2010 | 中国麻风皮肤病杂志2010，，1： | 4 |
| 13 | Subcellular spatial resolution achieved for deep-brain imaging in vivo using a minimally invasive multimode fiber显示文摘Achieving intravital optical imaging with diffraction-limited spatial resolution of deep-brain structures represents an important step toward the goal of understanding the mammalian central nervous system1–4.Advances in wavefrontshaping methods and computational power have recently allowed for a novel approach to high-resolution imaging,utilizing deterministic light propagation through optically complex media and,of particular importance for this work,multimode optical fibers(MMFs)5–7.We report a compact and highly optimized approach for minimally invasive in vivo brain imaging applications.The volume of tissue lesion was reduced by more than 100-fold,while preserving diffraction-limited imaging performance utilizing wavefront control of light propagation through a single 50-μm-core MMF.Here,we demonstrated high-resolution fluorescence imaging of subcellular neuronal structures,dendrites and synaptic specializations,in deep-brain regions of living mice,as well as monitored stimulus-driven functional Ca2+responses.These results represent a major breakthrough in the compromise between high-resolution imaging and tissue damage,heralding new possibilities for deep-brain imaging in vivo. | Sebastian A.Vasquez-Lopez Raphaël Turcotte Vadim Koren Martin Plöschner Zahid Padamsey Martin J.Booth TomášČižmár Nigel J.Emptage | 2018 | Light(Science & Applications)2018，7，1： | 4 |
| 14 | Maintenance of Remission Among Patients With Crohn’s Disease on Antimetabolite Therapy After Infliximab Therapy Is Stopped显示文摘 | Edouard Louis Jean–Yves Mary Gwenola Vernier–Massouille Jean–Charles Grimaud Yoram Bouhnik David Laharie Jean–Louis Dupas Hélène Pillant Laurence Picon Michel Veyrac Mathurin Flamant Guillaume Savoye Raymond Jian Martine DeVos Rapha?l Porcher Gilles Paint | 2012 | Gastroenterology2012，，1： | 4 |
| 15 | Biological therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases:Access in Central and Eastern Europe显示文摘Biological drugs opened up new horizons in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD).This study focuses on access to biological therapy in IBD patients across 9 selected Central and Eastern European(CEE)countries,namely Bulgaria,the Czech Republic,Estonia,Hungary,Latvia,Lithuania,Poland,Romania and Slovakia.Literature data on the epidemiology and disease burden of IBD in CEE countries was systematically reviewed.Moreover,we provide an estimation on prevalence of IBD as well as biological treatment rates.In all countries with the exception of Romania,lower biological treatment rates were observed in ulcerative colitis(UC)compared to Crohn’s disease despite the higher prevalence of UC.Great heterogeneity(up to 96-fold)was found in access to biologicals across the CEE countries.Poland,Bulgaria,Romania and the Baltic States are lagging behind Hungary,Slovakia and the Czech Republic in their access to biologicals.Variations of reimbursement policy may be one of the factors explaining the differences to a certain extent in Bulgaria,Latvia,Lithuania,and Poland,but association with other possible determinants(differences in prevalence and incidence,price of biologicals,total expenditure on health,geographical access,and cost-effectiveness results)was not proven.We assume,nevertheless,that healthdeterioration linked to IBD might be valued differently against other systemic inflammatory conditions in distinct countries and which may contribute to the immense diversity in the utilization of biological drugs for IBD.In conclusion,access to biologicals varies widely among CEE countries and this difference cannot be explained by epidemiological factors,drug prices or total health expenditure.Changes in reimbursement policy could contribute to better access to biologicals in some countries. | Fanni Rencz Márta Péntek Martin Bortlik Edyta Zagorowicz Tibor Hlavaty Andrzej Sliwczyński Mihai M Diculescu Limas Kupcinskas Krisztina B Gecse László Gulácsi Peter L Lakatos | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，6： | 4 |
| 16 | Neonatal vitamin A injection promotes cattle muscle growth and increases oxidative muscle fibers显示文摘Background: Vitamin A and its metabolite,retinoic acid(RA),are important regulators of cell differentiation and organ morphogenesis.Its impact on beef cattle muscle growth remains undefined.Method: Angus steer calves were administrated with 0(control) or 150,000 IU vitamin A(retinyl palmitate in glycerol,i.m.) per calf at birth and 1 month of age.At 2 months of age,a biopsy of the Biceps femoris muscle was obtained to analyze the immediate effects of vitamin A injection on myogenic capacity of muscle cells.The resulting steers were harvested at 14 months of age.Results: Vitamin A administration increased cattle growth at 2 months.At 2 months of age,Vitamin A increased PAX7 positive satellite cells and the expression of myogenic marker genes including PAX7,MYF5,MYOD and MYOG.Muscle derived mononuclear cells were further isolated and induced myogenesis in vitro.More myotubes and a higher degree of myogenesis was observed in vitamin A groups.Consistently,vitamin A increased Latissimus dorsi(LD) muscle fiber size at harvest.In addition,vitamin A increased the ratio of oxidative type I and type IIA fibers and reduced the glycolic type IIX fibers.Furthermore,we found that RA,a key bioactive metabolite of vitamin A,activated PPARGC1 A promoter,which explains the upregulated expression of PPARGC1 A in skeletal muscle.Conclusion: Vitamin A administration to neonatal calves enhanced postnatal muscle growth by promoting myogenesis and increasing satellite cell density,accompanied with a shift to oxidative muscle fibers. | Bo Wang Wei Nie Xing Fu Jeanene M de Avila Yannan Ma Mei-Jun Zhu Martin Maquivar Steven M Parish Jan R Busboom Mark L Nelson Min Du | 2019 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2019，10，1： | 3 |
| 17 | Anatomically realistic multiscale models of normal and abnormal gastrointestinal electrical activity显示文摘One of the major aims of the International Union of Physiological Sciences (IUPS) Physiome Project is to develop multiscale mathematical and computer models that can be used to help understand human health. We present here a small facet of this broad plan that applies to the gastrointestinal system. Specifically, we present an anatomically and physiologically based modelling framework that is capable of simulating normal and pathological electrical activity within the stomach and small intestine. The continuum models used within this framework have been created using anatomical information derived from common medical imaging modalities and data from the Visible Human Project. These models explicitly incorporate the various smooth muscle layers and networks of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) that are known to exist within the walls of the stomach and small bowel. Electrical activity within individual ICCs and smooth muscle cells is simulated using a previously published simplified representation of the cell level electrical activity. This simulated cell level activity is incorporated into a bidomain representation of the tissue, allowing electrical activity of the entire stomach or intestine to be simulated in the anatomically derived models. This electrical modelling framework successfully replicates many of the qualitative features of the slow wave activity within the stomach and intestine and has also been used to investigate activity associated with functional uncoupling of the stomach. | Leo K Cheng Rie Komuro Travis M Austin Martin L Buist Andrew J Pullan | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，9： | 3 |
| 18 | Electrochemistry of samarium in lithium-beryllium fluoride salt mixture显示文摘The electrochemical behaviour of samarium was investigated in LiF-BeF2 system on an inert (Mo) electrode by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry at 804, 833, 847 and 872 K. Redox process Sm3++e-→Sm2+ was recognized and analysed. Cyclic voltammetry data suggested that at potential sweep rates lower than 0.25 V/s, the reduction was limited by the diffusion of Sm3+ ions. It was not possible to observe reduction process of Sm2++2e-→Sm0 due to insufficient electrochemical stability of LiF-BeF2. Diffusion coefficients of Sm3+ ions in LiF-BeF2 were calculated from voltammetric and chronopotentiometric data in the temperature range 804-872 K. Diffusion coefficient values obeyed Arrhenius law. Activation energy was calculated to be 102.5 kJ/mol. | Martin Straka Michal Korenko Frantisek Lisy Lórant Szatmáry | 2011 | Journal of Rare Earths2011，29，8： | 3 |
| 19 | A New Troodontid Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Liaoning Province,China显示文摘A new troodontid dinosaur,Daliansaurus liaoningensis gen.et sp.nov.,is erected based on a nearly complete specimen from the Lower Cretaceous Yixian Formation of Beipiao City,Liaoning Province,China.This well preserved skeleton provides important new details of the anatomy for Liaoning troodontids,and gives new insight into their phylogenetic relationships and evolution.Daliansaurus is distinguished from other troodontids by an enlarged ungual on pedal digit IV,which is approximately the same size as the sickle-shaped second ungual,and is differentiated from other Liaoning troodontids by a number of characters of the skull,manus,pelvis,and hindlimb.A phylogenetic analysis recovers Daliansaurus within a subclade of Liaoning troodontids that also includes Sinovenator,Sinusonasus,and Mei.We erect a name for this group—Sinovenatorinae—and argue that it reflects a localized radiation of small-bodied troodontids in the Early Cretaceous of eastern Asia,similar to previously recognized radiations of Liaoning dromaeosaurids and avialans.As more Liaoning theropods are discovered,it is becoming apparent that small,feathered paravians were particularly diverse during the Early Cretaceous,and future work is needed to clarify how this diversity arose,which species coexisted,and how these numerous species partitioned niches. | SHEN Caizhi L Junchang LIU Sizhao Martin KUNDRT Stephen L.BRUSATTE GAO Hailong | 2017 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2017，91，3： | 3 |
| 20 | Methane production and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in children living in a slum显示文摘AIM:To analyze small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in school-aged children and the relationship between hydrogen and methane production in breath tests.METHODS:This transversal study included 85 children residing in a slum and 43 children from a private school,all aged between 6 and 10 years,in Osasco,Brazil.For characterization of the groups,data regarding the socioeconomic status and basic housing sanitary conditions were collected.Anthropometric data was obtained in children from both groups.All children completed the hydrogen(H 2) and methane(CH 4) breath test in order to assess small intestinal bacterial overgrowth(SIBO).SIBO was diagnosed when there was an increase in H 2 ≥ 20 ppm or CH 4 ≥ 10 ppm with regard to the fasting value until 60 min after lactulose ingestion.RESULTS:Children from the slum group had worse living conditions and lower nutritional indices than children from the private school.SIBO was found in 30.9%(26/84) of the children from the slum group and in 2.4%(1/41) from the private school group(P = 0.0007).Greater hydrogen production in the small intestine was observed in children from the slum group when compared to children from the private school(P = 0.007).A higher concentration of hydrogen in the small intestine(P < 0.001) and in the colon(P < 0.001) was observed among the children from the slum group with SIBO when compared to children from the slum group without SIBO.Methane production was observed in 63.1%(53/84) of the children from the slum group and in 19.5%(8/41) of the children from the private school group(P < 0.0001).Methane production was observed in 38/58(65.5%) of the children without SIBO and in 15/26(57.7%) of the children with SIBO from the slum.Colonic production of hydrogen was lower in methaneproducing children(P = 0.017).CONCLUSION:Children who live in inadequate environmental conditions are at risk of bacterial overgrowth and methane production.Hydrogen is a substrate for methane production in the colon. | Carolina Santos Mello Soraia Tahan Lígia Cristina FL Melli Mirian Silva do Carmo Rodrigues Ricardo Martin Pereira de Mello Isabel Cristina Affonso Scaletsky Mauro Batista de Morais | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，41： | 3 |
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