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| 1 | 电动牙刷与手动牙刷对口腔卫生的效果比较显示文摘目的对电动牙刷和手动牙刷在去除菌斑、维护牙龈健康、对色素和牙结石的作用、可靠性、不良作用和成本等进行比较.方法计算机检索Cochrane口腔健康协作组临床试验资料库(截至2004年6月17日)、Cochran临床对照试验中心资料库(Cochrane图书馆2004第2期)、MEDLINE(1966~2004)、EMBASE(1980~2004第2周)和CINAHL(1982~2004第2周),并与制造商联系以获取更多资料.根据下列标准纳入随机对照试验:随机分配研究对象;参加者为手运动无障碍的普通人群;干预措施为无监督的手动或电动牙刷刷牙,至少4周;主要结局指标为试验期间菌斑和牙龈炎的变化.由6个作者独立评价并纳入研究资料.用随机效应模型进行Meta分析,用标准化均数差(SMD)及其95%CI测量效果.检查可能的异质性来源,并针对研究质量和发表偏倚进行敏感性分析.为便于讨论,将SMD转换为百分率.结果对包含3 855例研究对象的42个试验进行系统评价,结果显示,旋转振动型电动牙刷去除菌斑和减低牙龈炎的效果在短期内明显优于手动牙刷,并在3个月以上的研究中显示降低了牙龈炎指数.在1~3个月的研究中,菌斑SMD为-0.43 [95%CI (-0.72, 0.14)],牙龈炎SMD为-0.62 [95%CI (-0.90, 0.34)],Quigley Hein菌斑指数降低11%,Loe and Silness龈炎指数降低6%.在3个月以上的研究中,菌斑指数SMD为-1.29 [95%CI (-2.67, 0.08)], 龈炎指数为-0.51 [95%CI (-1.76, 0.25)],Ainamo Bay探诊出血指数降低17%.短期研究之间有异质性,敏感性分析显示当选择高质量的研究时结果是肯定的,没有证据表明有发表偏倚.采取其他设计的电动牙刷并不比手动牙刷更优.对成本、可靠性和不良作用的报道不一致,已报道的不良作用都是局限的、暂时的.结论旋转振动型电动牙刷去除牙菌斑、减少牙龈炎的效果优于手动牙刷.遵守方法学指南和更标准化的设计有益于将来的研究和Meta分析. | Robinson PG Deacon SA Deery C Heanue M Walmsley AD Worthington HV Glenny AM Shaw WC 陈娥 史宗道 | 2005 | 中国循证医学杂志2005，5，11： | 8 |
| 2 | Efficacy and safety of tenofovir in chronic hepatitis B: Australian real world experience显示文摘AIM To evaluate the long-term treatment outcomes of tenofovir therapy in patients in a real world Australian tertiary care setting.METHODS We performed a retrospective analysis of treatment outcomes among treatment-na?ve and treatment-experienced patients receiving a minimum 3 mo tenofovir therapy through St Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Australia. We included patients receiving tenofovir [tenofovir disoproxil fumarate(TDF)] monotherapy, as well as patients treated with TDF in combination with a second antiviral agent. Patients were excluded if they demonstrated human immune-deficiency virus/hepatitis C virus/hepatitis delta virus coinfection or were less than 18 years of age. We considered virological and biochemicalresponse, as well as safety outcomes. Virological response was determined by measurement of hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA using sensitive assays; biochemical response was determined via serum liver function tests; histological response was determined from liver biopsy and fibroscan; safety analysis focused on glomerular renal function and bone mineral density. The primary efficacy endpoint was complete virological suppression over time, defined by HBV DNA < 20 IU/m L. Secondary efficacy endpoints included rates of biochemical response, and HB e antigen(HBe Ag)/HB surface antigen loss and seroconversion over time.RESULTS Ninety-two patients were identified who fulfilled the enrolment criteria. Median follow-up was 26 mo(range 3-114). Mean age was 46(24-78) years, 64(70%) were male and 77(84%) were of Asian origin. 55(60%) patients were treatment-na?ve and 62 patients(67%) were HBe Ag-negative. Complete virological suppression was achieved by 45/65(71%) patients at 12 mo, 37/46(80%) at 24 mo and 25/28(89%) at 36 mo. Partial virological response(HBV DNA 20-2000 IU/m L) was achieved by 89/92(96.7%) of patients. Multivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between virological suppression at end of follow-up and baseline HBV DNA level(OR = 0.897, 95%CI: 0.833-0.967, P = 0.0046) and HBe Ag positive status(OR = 0.373, 95%CI: 0.183-0.762, P = 0.0069). There was no difference in response comparing treatment-na?ve and treatment-experienced patients. Three episodes of virological breakthrough occurred in the setting of noncompliance. Tenofovir therapy was well tolerated.CONCLUSION Tenofovir is an efficacious, safe and well-tolerated treatment in an Australian real-world tertiary care setting. Our data are similar to the reported experience from registration trials. | Grace C Lovett Tin Nguyen David M Iser Jacinta A Holmes Robert Chen Barbara Demediuk Gideon Shaw Sally J Bell Paul V Desmond Alexander J Thompson | 2017 | World Journal of Hepatology2017，9，1： | 7 |
| 3 | Controversies in fluid therapy: Type, dose and toxicity显示文摘Fluid therapy is perhaps the most common intervention received by acutely ill hospitalized patients; however, a number of critical questions on the efficacy and safety of the type and dose remain. In this review, recent insights derived from randomized trials in terms of fluid type, dose and toxicity are discussed. We contend that the prescription of fluid therapy is context-specific and that any fluid can be harmful if administered inappropriately. When contrasting ‘‘crystalloid vs colloid'', differences in efficacy are modest but differences in safety are significant. Differences in chloride load and strong ion difference across solutions appear to be clinically important. Phases of fluid therapy in acutely ill patients are recognized, including acute resuscitation, maintaining homeostasis, and recovery phases. Quantitative toxicity(fluid overload) is associated with adverse outcomes and can be mitigated when fluid therapy basedon functional hemodynamic parameters that predict volume responsiveness and minimization of non-essential fluid. Qualitative toxicity(fluid type), in particular for iatrogenic acute kidney injury and metabolic acidosis, remain a concern for synthetic colloids and isotonic saline, respectively. Physiologically balanced crystalloids may be the ‘‘default'' fluid for acutely ill patients and the role for colloids, in particular hydroxyethyl starch, is increasingly unclear. We contend the prescription of fluid therapy is analogous to the prescription of any drug used in critically ill patients. | Robert C McDermid Karthik Raghunathan Adam Romanovsky Andrew D Shaw Sean M Bagshaw | 2014 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2014，3，1： | 5 |
| 4 | Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer’s pathological cascade显示文摘 | Clifford R Jack David S Knopman William J Jagust Leslie M Shaw Paul S Aisen Michael W Weiner Ronald C Petersen John Q Trojanowski | 2010 | Lancet Neurology2010，，1： | 4 |
| 5 | 冠状动脉钙化在高血压患者心血管病风险分层中的作用显示文摘研究者研究了冠状动脉钙化(coronary artery calcium,CAC)在成人高血压心血管病风险分层中的作用,包括符合收缩压干预试验(systolic blood pressure intervention trial,SPRINT)标准的患者。此外,研究者使用CAC来确定心血管病死亡率与SPRINT中标准降压组心血管病死亡率('SPRINT水平')相当的高血压成年患者,其可能受益于强化降压治疗。研究人群包括来自CAC研究联盟的高血压患者16 167例,其中6375例患者构成'SPRINT类似人群'。研究者按CAC分类(0,1~99,100~399,≥400)比较了多因素校正后的冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病(冠心病)和心血管病死亡风险比。 | 刘青(译) 叶鹏(摘、审校) Uddin SMI Mirbolouk M Kianoush S Orimoloye OA Dardari Z Whelton SP Miedema MD Nasir K Rumberger JA Shaw LJ Berman DS Budoff MJ McEvoy JW Matsushita K Blaha MJ Graham G | 2019 | 中华高血压杂志2019，27，5： | 3 |
| 6 | Bovine immunoglobulin protein isolates for the nutritional management of enteropathy显示文摘The gastrointestinal tract is responsible for a multitude of digestive and immune functions which depend upon the balanced interaction of the intestinal microbiota, diet, gut barrier function, and mucosal immune response. Disruptions in one or more of these factors can lead to intestinal disorders or enteropathies which are characterized by intestinal inflammation, increased gut permeability, and reduced capacity to absorb nutrients. Enteropathy is frequently associated with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune enteropathy, radiation enteritis, and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), where pathologic changes in the intestinal tract lead to abdominal discomfort, bloating, abnormal bowel function(e.g., diarrhea, urgency, constipation and malabsorption). Unfortunately, effective therapies for the management ofenteropathy and restoring intestinal health are still not available. An accumulating body of preclinical studies has demonstrated that oral administration of plasmaor serum-derived protein concentrates containing high levels of immunoglobulins can improve weight, normalize gut barrier function, and reduce the severity of enteropathy in animal models. Recent studies in humans, using serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate, demonstrate that such protein preparations are safe and improve symptoms, nutritional status, and various biomarkers associated with enteropathy. Benefits have been shown in patients with HIV infection or diarrhea-predominant IBS. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies with plasma/serum protein concentrates and describes the effects on host nutrition, intestinal function, and markers of intestinal inflammation. It supports the concept that immunoglobulin-containing protein preparations may offer a new strategy for restoring functional homeostasis in the intestinal tract of patients with enteropathy. | Bryon W Petschow Anthony T Blikslager Eric M Weaver Joy M Campbell Javier Polo Audrey L Shaw Bruce P Burnett Gerald L Klein J Marc Rhoads | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，33： | 2 |
| 7 | Early surgery versus initial conservative treatment in patients with spontaneous supratentorial intracerebral haematomas in the International Surgical Trial in Intracerebral Haemorrhage (STICH): a randomised trial显示文摘 | A David Mendelow Barbara A Gregson Helen M Fernandes Gordon D Murray Graham M Teasdale D Terence Hope Abbas Karimi M Donald M Shaw David H Barer | 2005 | 2005 (9457)2005，，9457： | 2 |
| 8 | Frequent loss of heterozygosity for Rb, TP53, and chromosome arm 3p,but not NME1 in squamous cell carcinomas of the supraglottic larynx显示文摘 | SCHOLNICK S B SUN P C SHAW M E | 1994 | Cancer1994，73，： | 1 |
| 9 | Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation using unrelated cord-blood versus matched sibling marrow in pediatric bone marrow failure syndrone:one center's experience显示文摘 | Haut PR Olszewski M | 1999 | Peddiatr-Transplant1999，3，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Cellular proteins in influenza virus particles显示文摘 | Shaw Megan L Stone Kathryn L Colangelo Christopher M | 2008 | PLoS pathogens2008，4，10： | 1 |
| 11 | Recent progress in short-range ultraviolet communication显示文摘 | SHAW A G SIEGEL M A MODEL J | 2005 | Proc SPIE2005，5796，： | 1 |
| 12 | Recent Progress in Short-Range Ultraviolet Communication显示文摘 | Gary A Shaw Andrew M Siegel Joshua Model | 2005 | Proceedings of SPIE2005，5796，： | 1 |
| 13 | A novel role for the adaptor molecule CD2-associated protein in transforming growth factor-betainduced apoptosis显示文摘 | Schiffer M Mundel P Shaw AS | 2004 | J Biol Chem2004，279，37： | 1 |
| 14 | Moderniza- tion of the global positioning system 显示文摘 | SHAW M SANDHOO K TURNER D | 2000 | GPS World2000，9，： | 1 |
| 15 | Body image as a leisure con straint :Examining the experience of aerobic exercise classes for young women显示文摘 | FREDERICK C SHAW S M | 1995 | leisure Sci1995，17，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Recent advances in trichosanthin,a ri- bosome - inactivating protein with multiple pharmacological properties 显示文摘 | Shaw P C Lee K M Wong K B | 2005 | Toxicon2005，45，： | 1 |
| 17 | NOD-like receptors: role in innate immunity and inflammatory disease显示文摘 | CHEN G SHAW M H KIM Y G | 2009 | AnnuRev2009，4，： | 1 |
| 18 | Liraglutide,a once-daily human GLP-1 analogue,added to a sulphonylurea over 26 weeks produces greater improvements in glycaemic and weight control compared with adding rosiglitazone or placebo in subjects with Type 2 diabetes(LEAD-1 SU)显示文摘 | Marre M Shaw J Brandle M | 2009 | Diabiet Med2009，26，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Induction of Fuzzy Decision Trees 显示文摘 | Yuan Y Shaw M J | 1995 | Fuzzy Sets and Systems1995，69，2： | 1 |
| 20 | A genome-wide search for schizophrenia susceptibility genes显示文摘 | Shaw SH Kelly M Smith AB | 1998 | Am J Med Genet1998，81，5： | 1 |
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