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| 1 | Acute effects of rotavirus and malnutrition on intestinal barrier function in neonatal piglets显示文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of protein-energy malnutrition on intestinal barrier function during rotavirus enteritis in a piglet model.METHODS: Newborn piglets were allotted at day 4 of age to the following treatments:(1) full-strength formula(FSF)/noninfected;(2) FSF/rotavirus infected;(3) half-strength formula(HSF)/noninfected;or(4) HSF/rotavirus infected.After one day of adjustment to the feeding rates,pigs were infected with rotavirus and acute effects on growth and diarrhea were monitored for 3 d and jejunal samples were collected for Ussingchamber analyses.RESULTS: Piglets that were malnourished or infected had lower body weights on days 2 and 3 post-infection(P < 0.05).Three days post-infection,marked diarrhea and weight loss were accompanied by sharp reductions in villus height(59%) and lactase activity(91%) and increased crypt depth(21%) in infected compared with non-infected pigs(P < 0.05).Malnutrition also increased crypt depth(21%) compared to full-fed piglets.Villus:crypt ratio was reduced(67%) with viral infection.There was a trend for reduction in transepithelial electrical resistance with rotavirus infection and malnutrition(P = 0.1).3H-mannitol flux was significantly increased(50%;P < 0.001) in rotavirus-infected piglets compared to non-infected piglets,but there was no effect of nutritional status.Furthermore,rotavirus infection reduced localization of the tight junction protein,occludin,in the cell membrane and increased localization in the cytosol.CONCLUSION: Overall,malnutrition had no additive effects to rotavirus infection on intestinal barrier function at day 3 post-infection in a neonatal piglet model. | Sheila K Jacobi Adam J Moeser Anthony T Blikslager J Marc Rhoads Benjamin A Corl Robert J Harrell Jack Odle | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，31： | 4 |
| 2 | Bovine immunoglobulin protein isolates for the nutritional management of enteropathy显示文摘The gastrointestinal tract is responsible for a multitude of digestive and immune functions which depend upon the balanced interaction of the intestinal microbiota, diet, gut barrier function, and mucosal immune response. Disruptions in one or more of these factors can lead to intestinal disorders or enteropathies which are characterized by intestinal inflammation, increased gut permeability, and reduced capacity to absorb nutrients. Enteropathy is frequently associated with human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infection, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune enteropathy, radiation enteritis, and irritable bowel syndrome(IBS), where pathologic changes in the intestinal tract lead to abdominal discomfort, bloating, abnormal bowel function(e.g., diarrhea, urgency, constipation and malabsorption). Unfortunately, effective therapies for the management ofenteropathy and restoring intestinal health are still not available. An accumulating body of preclinical studies has demonstrated that oral administration of plasmaor serum-derived protein concentrates containing high levels of immunoglobulins can improve weight, normalize gut barrier function, and reduce the severity of enteropathy in animal models. Recent studies in humans, using serum-derived bovine immunoglobulin/protein isolate, demonstrate that such protein preparations are safe and improve symptoms, nutritional status, and various biomarkers associated with enteropathy. Benefits have been shown in patients with HIV infection or diarrhea-predominant IBS. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical studies with plasma/serum protein concentrates and describes the effects on host nutrition, intestinal function, and markers of intestinal inflammation. It supports the concept that immunoglobulin-containing protein preparations may offer a new strategy for restoring functional homeostasis in the intestinal tract of patients with enteropathy. | Bryon W Petschow Anthony T Blikslager Eric M Weaver Joy M Campbell Javier Polo Audrey L Shaw Bruce P Burnett Gerald L Klein J Marc Rhoads | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，33： | 2 |
| 3 | Glutamine, arginine, and leucine signaling in the intestine显示文摘 | Marc Rhoads J Wu G | 2009 | Amino Acids2009，37，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Hypoallergenic formula with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GGfor babies with colic:A pilot study of recruitment,retention,and fecal biomarkers显示文摘AIM To investigate recruitment, retention, and estimatesfor effects of formula supplementation withLactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on inflammatorybiomarkers and fecal microbial community in infants withcolic.METHODS: A prospective, double-blind, placebocontrolledtrial was conducted in otherwise healthyinfants with colic. We screened 74 infants and randomizedand analyzed results in 20 infants [9 receivingLGG (LGG+) and 11 not receiving LGG (LGG-)]. LGG wasincorporated in the formula (Nutramigen?) (minimum of3 × 10^7 CFU/d) in the LGG+ group. Fecal microbiota andinflammatory biomarkers, including fecal calprotectin(FC), plasma cytokines, circulating regulatory T cells(Tregs), and crying + fussing time were analyzed todetermine optimal time points and effect sizes for alarger trial.RESULTS: Recruitment in this population was slow, withabout 66% of eligible infants willing to enroll; subjectretention was better (75%). These rates were influencedby parents' reluctance to volunteer their infant for aclinical trial and by their tendency to change formulas.The maximal difference of crying + fussing time wasobserved at day 14, comparing the 2 groups, with amean difference of -91 (95%CI: -76, 259) min (P = NS).FC showed no significant difference, but the optimaltime to determine a potential effect was at day 90 [witha mean difference of 121 (95%CI: -48, 291) μg/g stool],observing a lower level of FC in the LGG+ group. Thefecal microbial communities were chaotic, as determinedby Shannon's diversity index and not apparently influencedby the probiotic. No significant change wasobserved in plasma inflammatory cytokines or Tregs,comparing LGG+ to LGG- groups.CONCLUSION: Designing future colic trials involving aprobiotic-supplemented formula for infants in the UnitedStates will require consideration for difficult enrollment.Infants with colic have major variations in feal microbiotaand calprotectin, both of which improve with time, withoptimal time points for measurement at days 14 and 90after treatment. | Nicole Y Fatheree Yuying Liu Michael Ferris Melissa Van Arsdall Valarie McMurtry Marcela Zozaya Chunyan Cai Mohammad H Rahbar Manouchehr Hessabi Ta Vu Christine Wong Juleen Min Dat Q Tran Fernando Navarro Wallace Gleason Sara Gonzalez J Marc Rhoads | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2016，7，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Glutamine, arginine, and leucine signaling in the intestine显示文摘 | Marc Rhoads J Wu G Y | 2009 | Amino Acids2009，37，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Review on hepatic explant pathology of pediatric intestinal transplant recipients:Is it time for an oil change?显示文摘A recent study attempts to add to the body of evidence that is emerging regarding the fish oil parenteral lipid product OmegavenTM.The authors have shown from explant livers of children on chronic parenteral nutrition with OmegavenTM that biochemical improvement in cholestasis does not always reflect improvement in liver histology.These findings support 2 small case series that were previously published.Despite improvement and resolution of hyperbilirubinemia in all six infants,five of six infants had persistent or progressive hepatic fibrosis,while only one infant had regression of fibrosis.The study raises questions of whether there is a window of opportunity for efficacy of this preparation;also,an important question is if this omega-3 fatty acid-rich preparation is superior to newer 'blended lipids' containing olive,coconut,soy,and fish oil. | Essam Imseis J Marc Rhoads | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，17： | 0 |
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