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| 1 | 帕博利珠单抗治疗伴脑转移NSCLC患者的一项非随机、开放Ⅱ期试验的长期随访结果和生物标志物分析显示文摘背景与目的我们开展了一项帕博利珠单抗用于伴未治疗脑转移的非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)或黑色素瘤患者的疗效和安全性的II期试验,旨在评估程序性死亡受体1(programmed cell death 1,PD-1)抑制剂在中枢神经系统(central nervous system,CNS)中的疗效。中期结果已发表,现报道对NSCLC队列的更新分析结果。方法这是一项开放性、单中心、II期试验。纳入标准:年龄≥18岁,诊断为晚期NSCLC并伴有≥1个5 mm-20 mm脑转移病灶,既往从未治疗或之前放疗后进展,无神经系统症状,不需要激素治疗且美国东部肿瘤协作组(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group,ECOG)<2分。患者每2周接受一次帕博利珠单抗(10 mg/kg)治疗。队列1为程序性死亡配体1(programmed cell death ligand 1,PD-L1)≥1%的患者,队列2为PD-L1<1%或未评估的患者。主要终点是脑转移患者缓解比例。所有经治患者均纳入疗效与安全性终点的分析。该研究已结束入组,并于Clinicaltrials.gov登记注册,注册号为NCT02085070。结果2014年3月31日-2018年5月21日,共42例患者接受治疗。中位随访时间为8.3个月(IQR:4.5个月-26.2个月)。队列1的37例患者中11例有脑转移缓解[29.7%(95%CI:15.9%-47.0%)]。队列2未观察到缓解。治疗相关的3级-4级不良事件(adverse events,AEs)包括2例肺炎、1例全身症状、1例结肠炎、1例肾上腺皮质功能不全、1例高血糖症和1例低钾血症。6例(14%)患者发生了治疗相关的严重不良事件,包括肺炎、急性肾损伤、低钾血症和肾上腺皮质功能不全。没有观察到治疗相关死亡病例。结论帕博利珠单抗治疗PD-L1≥1%的NSCLC伴脑转移患者有效,且对所有纳入的未经治疗的脑转移患者安全。需要进一步探索免疫治疗用于NSCLC合并CNS转移。 | Sarah B GOLDBERG Kurt A SCHALPER Scott N GETTINGER Amit MAHAJAN Roy S HERBST Anne C CHANG Rogerio LILENBAUM Frederick H WILSON Sacit Bulent OMAY James B YU Lucia JILAVEANU Thuy TRAN Kira PAVLIK Elin ROWEN Heather GERRSH Annette KOMLO Richa GUPTA Hailey WYATT Matthew RIBEIRO Yuval KLUGER Geyu ZHOU Wei WEI Veronica L CHANG Harriet M KLUGER 董晓荣(翻译/校对) | 2021 | 中国肺癌杂志2021，24，9： | 34 |
| 2 | Diagnosis and treatment of acute pulmonary inflammation in critically ill patients: The role of inflammatory biomarkers显示文摘Pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome are common and important causes of respiratory failure in the intensive care unit with a significant impact on morbidity, mortality and health care utilization despite early antimicrobial therapy and lung protective mechanical ventilation. Both clinical entities are characterized by acute pulmonary inflammation in response to direct or indirect lung injury. Adjunct anti-inflammatory treatment with corticosteroids is increasingly used, although the evidence for benefit is limited. The treatment decisions are based on radiographic, clinical and physiological variables without regards to inflammatory state. Current evidence suggests a role of biomarkers for the assessment of severity, and distinguishing sub-phenotypes (hyperinflammatory versus hypo-inflammatory) with important prognostic and therapeutic implications. Although many inflammatory biomarkers have been studied the most common and of interest are C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin 6. While extensively studied as prognostic tools (prognostic enrichment), limited data are available for the role of biomarkers in determining appropriate initiation, timing and dosing of adjunct anti-inflammatory treatment (predictive enrichment) | Sarah Chalmers Ali Khawaja Patrick M Wieruszewski Ognjen Gajic Yewande Odeyemi | 2019 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2019，8，5： | 12 |
| 3 | Endoscopic ultrasound staging for early esophageal cancer: Are we denying patients neoadjuvant chemo-radiation?显示文摘AIM To evaluate the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) in early esophageal cancer(EC) performed in a highvolume tertiary cancer center. METHODS A retrospective review of patients undergoing esophagectomy was performed and patients with c T1 N0 and c T2 N0 esophageal cancer by EUS were evaluated. Patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and treatment were reviewed. EUS staging was compared to surgical pathology to determine accuracy of EUS. Descriptive statistics was used to describe the cohort. Student's t test and Fisher's exact test or χ~2 test was used to compare variables. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine if clinical variables such as tumor location and tumor histology were associated with EUS accuracy.RESULTS Between 2000 and 2015, 139 patients with clinical stage Ⅰ or Ⅱ?A esophageal cancer undergoing esophagectomy were identified. There were 25(18%) female and 114(82%) male patients. The tumor location included the middle third of the esophagus in 11(8%) and lower third and gastroesophageal junction in 128(92%) patients. Ninety-three percent of patients had adenocarcinoma. Preoperative EUS matched the final surgical pathology in 73/139 patients for a concordance rate of 53%. Twenty-nine patients(21%) were under-staged by EUS; of those, 19(14%) had unrecognized nodal disease. Positron emission tomography(PET) was used in addition to EUS for clinical staging in 62/139 patients. Occult nodal disease was only found in 4 of 62 patients(6%) in whom both EUS and PET were negative for nodal involvement. CONCLUSION EUS is less accurate in early EC and endoscopic mucosal resection might be useful in certain settings. The addition of PET to EUS improves staging accuracy. | Carrie Luu Marisa Amaral Jason Klapman Cynthia Harris Khaldoun Almhanna Sarah Hoffe Jessica Frakes Jose M Pimiento Jacques P Fontaine | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，46： | 8 |
| 4 | 针对患者利益的机器学习和人工智能研究:在透明性、可重复性、伦理和有效性等方面的20个关键问题显示文摘机器学习(ML)、人工智能(AI)和其他现代统计方法正为利用先前尚未开发且极速增长的数据资源提供新的机会,以期让患者获益。尽管目前正在进行许多有前景的研究,特别是在图像方面,但就文献整体而言还缺乏透明度、对可重复性清晰的阐述、对潜在伦理问题的探究,以及对有效性的明确验证。这些问题的存在有许多原因,其中最重要的一点(为此我们提供了初步解决方案)就是当前缺乏针对ML和AI的最佳实践指南。我们认为从事研究的跨学科团队和应用ML/AI影响健康的项目,将因解决有关透明度、可重复性、伦理和有效性(TREE)的一系列问题而受益。这里提出的20个关键问题为研究团队提供了一个研究设计、实施和报告框架;帮助编辑和同行评审专家评估文献的贡献;让患者、临床医生和政策制定者评估新发现可能会给患者带来的获益。 | Sebastian Vollmer Bilal A Mateen Gergo Bohner Franz J Kirdly Rayid Ghani Pall Jonsson Sarah Cumbers Adrian Jonas Katherine S L McAllister Puja Myles David Granger Mark Birse Richard Branson Karel G M Moons Gary S Collins John P A Chris Holmes Harry Hemingwayp 李峰(译) 徐磊(校) 赵邑(校) | 2020 | 英国医学杂志中文版2020，23，9： | 5 |
| 5 | Facility-based constraints to exchange transfusions for neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in resource-limited settings显示文摘Several clinical guidelines for the management of infants with severe neonatal hyperbilirubinemia recommend immediate exchange transfusion(ET) when the risk or presence of acute bilirubin encephalopathy is established in order to prevent chronic bilirubin encephalopathy or kernicterus. However, the literature is sparse concerning the interval between the time the decision for ET is made and the actual initiation of ET, especially in low- and middle-income countries(LMICs) with significant resource constraints but high rates of ET. This paper explores the various stages and potential delays during this interval in complying with the requirement for immediate ET for the affected infants, based on the available evidence from LMICs. The vital role of intensive phototherapy, efficient laboratory and logistical support, and clinical expertise for ET are highlighted. The challenges in securing informed parental consent, especially on religious grounds, and meeting the financial burden of this emergency procedure to facilitate timely ET are examined. Secondary delays arising from posttreatment bilirubin rebound with intensive phototherapy or ET are also discussed. These potential delays can compromise the effectiveness of ET and should provide additional impetus to curtail avoidable ET in LMICs. | Cecilia A Mabogunje Sarah M Olaifa Bolajoko O Olusanya | 2016 | World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics2016，5，2： | 4 |
| 6 | A randomized open-label trial of on-demand rabeprazole vs ranitidine for patients with non-erosive reflux disease显示文摘AIM:To compare the efficacy of the proton-pump inhibitor,rabeprazole,with that of the H 2-receptor antagonist,ranitidine,as on-demand therapy for relieving symptoms associated with non-erosive reflux disease(NERD).METHODS:This is a single center,prospective,randomized,open-label trial of on-demand therapy with rabeprazole(group A) vs ranitidine(group B) for 4 wk.Eighty-three patients who presented to the American University of Beirut Medical Center with persistent gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD) symptoms and a normal upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were eligible for the study.Patients in group A(n = 44) were allowed a maximum rabeprazole dose of 20 mg twice daily,while those in group B(n = 39) were allowed a maximum ranitidine dose of 300 mg twice daily.Efficacy was assessed by patient evaluation of global symptom relief,scores of the SF-36 quality of life(QoL) questionnaires,total number of pills used,and number of medication-free days.RESULTS:Among the 83 patients who were enrolled in the study,76 patients(40 in the rabeprazole group and 36 in the ranitidine group) completed the 4-wk trial.Baseline characteristics were comparable between both groups.After 4 wk,there was no significant difference in the subjective global symptom relief between the rabeprazole and the ranitidine groups(71.4% vs 65.4%,respectively;P = 0.9).There were no statistically significant differences between mean cumulative scores of the SF-36 QoL questionnaire for the two study groups(rabeprazole 22.40 ± 27.53 vs ranitidine 17.28 ± 37.06;P = 0.582).There was no significant difference in the mean number of pills used(rabeprazole 35.70 ± 29.75 vs ranitidine 32.86 ± 26.98;P = 0.66).There was also no statistically significant difference in the mean number of medication-free days between both groups.CONCLUSION:Rabeprazole has a comparable efficacy compared to ranitidine when given on-demand for the treatment of NERD.Both medications were associated with improved quality of life. | Abdallah A Kobeissy Jana G Hashash Faek R Jamali Assaad M Skoury Reham Haddad Sarah El-Samad Rami Ladki Rola Aswad Assaad M Soweid | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，19： | 4 |
| 7 | Prognostic value of pre-treatment F-18-FDG PET-CT in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing radioembolization显示文摘AIM To evaluate the value of pre-treatment 18F-FDG PET/CT in patients with HCC following liver radioembolization.METHODS We identified 34 patients with HCC who underwent an FDG PET/CT scan prior to hepatic radioembolization at our institution between 2009 and 2013. Patients wereseen in clinic one month after radioembolization and then at 2-3 mo intervals. We assessed the influence of FDG tumor uptake on outcomes including local liver control(LLC), distant liver control(DLC), time to distant metastases(DM), progression free survival(PFS) and overall survival(OS).RESULTS The majority of patients were males(n = 25, 74%), and had Child Pugh Class A(n = 31, 91%), with a median age of 68 years(46-84 years). FDG-avid disease was found in 19(56%) patients with SUVmax ranging from 3 to 20. Female patients were more likely to have an FDG-avid HCC(P = 0.02). Median follow up of patients following radioembolization was 12 months(1.2-62.8 mo). FDG-avid disease was associated with a decreased 1 year LLC, DLC, DM and PFS(P < 0.05). Using multivariate analysis, FDG avidity predicted for LLC, DLC, and PFS(all P < 0.05).CONCLUSION In this retrospective study, pre-treatment HCC FDGavidity was found to be associated with worse LLC, DLC, and PFS following radioembolization. Larger studies are needed to validate our initial findings to assess the role of F-18-FDG PET/CT scans as biomarker for patients with HCC following radioembolization. | Yazan Abuodeh Arash O Naghavi Kamran A Ahmed Puja S Venkat Youngchul Kim Bela Kis Junsung Choi Benjamin Biebel Jennifer Sweeney Daniel A Anaya Richard Kim Mokenge Malafa Jessica M Frakes Sarah E Hoffe Ghassan El-Haddad | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，47： | 3 |
| 8 | Changes in the colon microbiota and intestinal cytokine gene expression following minimal intestinal surgery显示文摘AIM: To investigate the impact of minor abdominal surgery on the caecal microbial population and on markers of gut inflammation.METHODS: Four week old piglets were randomly allocated to a no-surgery 'control' group(n = 6) or a 'transection surgery' group(n = 5).During the transection surgery procedure, a conventional midline incision of the lower abdominal wall was made and the small intestine was transected at a site 225 cm proximal to the ileocaecal valve, a 2 cm segment was removed and the intestine was re-anastomosed.Piglets received a polymeric infant formula diet throughout the study period and were sacrificed at two weeks post-surgery.Clinical outcomes including weight, stool consistency and presence of stool fat globules were monitored.High throughput DNA sequencing of colonic content was used to detect surgery-relateddisturbances in microbial composition at phylum, family and genus level.Diversity and richness estimates were calculated for the control and minor surgery groups.As disturbances in the gut microbial community are linked to inflammation we compared the gene expression of key inflammatory cytokines(TNF, IL1 B, IL18, IL12, IL8, IL6 and IL10) in ileum, terminal ileum and colon mucosal extracts obtained from control and abdominal surgery groups at two weeks post-surgery.RESULTS: Changes in the relative abundance of bacterial species at family and genus level were confined to bacterial members of the Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla.Family level compositional shifts included a reduction in the relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae(22.95 ± 5.27 vs 2.07 ± 0.72, P < 0.01), Bacteroidaceae(2.54 ± 0.56 vs 0.86 ± 0.43, P < 0.05) and Rhodospirillaceae(0.40 ± 0.14 vs 0.00 ± 0.00, P < 0.05) following transection surgery.Similarly, at the genus level, changes associated with transection surgery were restricted to members of the Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla and included decreased relative abundance of Enterobacteriaceae(29.20 ± 6.74 vs 2.88 ± 1.08, P < 0.01), Alistipes(4.82 ± 1.73 vs 0.18 ± 0.13, P < 0.05) and Thalassospira(0.53 ± 0.19 vs 0.00 ± 0.00, P < 0.05).Surgeryassociated microbial dysbiosis was accompanied by increased gene expression of markers of inflammation.Within the ileum IL6 expression was decreased(4.46 ± 1.60 vs 0.24 ± 0.06, P < 0.05) following transection surgery.In the terminal ileum, gene expression of TNF was decreased(1.51 ± 0.13 vs 0.80 ± 0.16, P < 0.01) and IL18(1.21 ± 0.18 vs 2.13 ± 0.24, P < 0.01), IL12(1.04 ± 0.16 vs 1.82 ± 0.32, P < 0.05) and IL10(1.04 ± 0.06 vs 1.43 ± 0.09, P < 0.01) gene expression increased following transection surgery.Within the colon, IL12(0.72 ± 0.13 vs 1.78 ± 0.28, P < 0.01) and IL10(0.98 ± 0.02 vs 1.95 ± 0.14, P < 0.01) gene expression were increased following transection surgery.CONCLUSION: This study suggests that minor abdominal surgery in infants, results in long-term alteration of the colonic microbial composition and persistent gastrointestinal inflammation. | Susan Lapthorne Julie E Bines Fiona Fouhy Nicole L Dellios Guineva Wilson Sarah L Thomas Michelle Scurr Catherine Stanton Paul D Cotter Prue M Pereira-Fantini | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，14： | 3 |
| 9 | Assessing the relationship between the rumen microbiota and feed efficiency in Nellore steers显示文摘Background:Ruminants rely upon a complex community of microbes in their rumen to convert host-indigestible feed into nutrients.However,little is known about the association between the rumen microbiota and feed efficiency traits in Nellore(Bos indicus)cattle,a breed of major economic importance to the global beef market.Here,we compare the composition of the bacterial,archaeal and fungal communities in the rumen of Nellore steers with high and low feed efficiency(FE)phenotypes,as measured by residual feed intake(RFI).Results:The Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio was significantly higher(P<0.05)in positive-RFI steers(p-RFI,low feed efficiency)than in negative-RFI(n-RFI,high feed efficiency)steers.The differences in bacterial composition from steers with high and low FE were mainly associated with members of the families Lachnospiraceae,Ruminococcaceae and Christensenellaceae,as well as the genus Prevotella.Archaeal community richness was lower(P<0.05)in p-RFI than in n-RFI steers and the genus Methanobrevibacter was either increased or exclusive of p-RFI steers.The fungal genus Buwchfawromyces was more abundant in the rumen solid fraction of n-RFI steers(P<0.05)and a highly abundant OTU belonging to the genus Piromyces was also increased in the rumen microbiota of highefficiency steers.However,analysis of rumen fermentation variables and functional predictions indicated similar metabolic outputs for the microbiota of distinct FE groups.Conclusions:Our results demonstrate that differences in the ruminal microbiota of high and low FE Nellore steers comprise specific taxa from the bacterial,archaeal and fungal communities.Biomarker OTUs belonging to the genus Piromyces were identified in animals showing high feed efficiency,whereas among archaea,Methanobrevibacter was associated with steers classified as p-RFI.The identification of specific RFI-associated microorganisms in Nellore steers could guide further studies targeting the isolation and functional characterization of rumen microbes potentially important for the energy-harvesting efficiency of ruminants. | Déborah Romaskevis Gomes Lopes Márcio de Souza Duarte Alex J.La Reau Ibrahim Zuniga Chaves Tiago Antônio de Oliveira Mendes Edenio Detmann Cláudia Braga Pereira Bento Maria Eugênia Zerlotti Mercadante Sarah Figueiredo Martins Bonilha Garret Suen Hilário Cuquetto Mantovani | 2021 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2021，12，4： | 3 |
| 10 | Heat shock protein 90 inhibition by 17-DMAG lessens disease in the MRL/Ipr mouse model of systemic lupus erythematosus显示文摘热吃惊蛋白质 90 的提高的表示(HSP90 ) 在全身的豺狼座 erythematosus (SLE ) 的肾和浆液被发现了病人和 MRL/Mp-Fas lpr /Fas lpr (MRL/lpr ) 自体免疫的老鼠。如果 HSP90 的抑制将在 MRL/lpr 老鼠减少疾病,我们调查了。在在 vivo 的 vitro,有在 IL-6 的有免疫力刺激的显示出的减少的表示以前的 HSP90 禁止者 Geldanamycin 的 mesangial 房间的预告的处理, IL-12 和号码,我们发现当与 C57BL/6 相比鼠标和 MRL/lpr 鼠标与 HSP90 禁止者 17-DMAG 对待时, HSP90 表示在 MRL/lpr 肾被提高。与 17-DMAG 对待的 MRL/lpr 老鼠显示出减少的 proteinuria 并且减少了浆液 anti-dsDNA 抗体生产。Glomerulonephritis 和 glomerular IgG 和 C3 没被 17-DMAG 的管理显著地在 MRL/lpr 影响。17-DMAG 增加了 CD8 + T 房间,减少的双 negative T 房间,减少 CD4/CD8 比率和减少的小囊的 B 房间。这些研究建议 HSP90 可以在调整 T 房间区别和激活起一个作用并且 HSP90 抑制可以在豺狼座减少发炎。 | Samuel K Shimp III Cristen B Chafin Nicole L Regna Sarah E Hammond Molly A Read David L Caudell Marissa Nichole Rylander Christopher M Reilly | 2012 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2012，9，3： | 3 |
| 11 | Hospital readmissions in decompensated cirrhotics: Factors pointing toward a prevention strategy显示文摘AIM To reduce readmissions and improve patient outcomes in cirrhotic patients through better understanding of readmission predictors.METHODS We performed a single-center retrospective study of patients admitted with decompensated cirrhosis from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2013(n = 222). Primary outcomes were time to first readmission and 30-d readmission rate due to complications of cirrhosis. Clinical and demographic data were collected to help describe predictors of readmission, along with care coordination measures such as post-discharge status and outpatient follow-up. Univariate and multivariateanalyses were performed to describe variables associated with readmission.RESULTS One hundred thirty-two patients(59.4%) were readmitted at least once during the study period. Median time to first and second readmissions were 54 and 93 d, respectively. Thirty and 90-d readmission rates were 20.7 and 30.1 percent, respectively. Predictors of 30-d readmission included education level, hepatic encephalopathy at index, ALT more than upper normal limit and Medicare coverage. There were no statistically significant differences in readmission rates when stratified by discharge disposition, outpatient follow-up provider or time to first outpatient visit.CONCLUSION Readmissions are challenging aspect of care for cirrhotic patients and risk continues beyond 30 d. More initiatives are needed to develop enhanced, longitudinal post-discharge systems. | Siamak M Seraj Emily J Campbell Sarah K Argyropoulos Kara Wegermann Raymond T Chung James M Richter | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，37： | 3 |
| 12 | Current understandings of the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes:Genetics to environment显示文摘Type 1 diabetes(T1D)is an autoimmune disease that usually strikes early in life,but can affect individuals at almost any age.It is caused by autoreactive T cells that destroy insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas.Epidemiological studies estimate a prevalence of 1 in 300 children in the United States with an increasing incidence of 2%-5%annually worldwide.The daily responsibility,clinical management,and vigilance required to maintain blood sugar levels within normal range and avoid acute complications(hypoglycemic episodes and diabetic ketoacidosis)and long term micro-and macro-vascular complications significantly affects quality of life and public health care costs.Given the expansive impact of T1D,research work has accelerated and T1D has been intensively investigated with the focus to better understand,manage and cure this condition.Many advances have been made in the past decades in this regard,but key questions remain as to why certain people develop T1D,but not others,with the glaring example of discordant disease incidence among monozygotic twins.In this review,we discuss the field’s current understanding of its pathophysiology and the role of genetics and environment on the development of T1D.We examine the potential implications of these findings with an emphasis on T1D inheritance patterns,twin studies,and disease prevention.Through a better understanding of this process,interventions can be developed to prevent or halt it at early stages. | Adebola Matthew Giwa Rizwan Ahmed Zahra Omidian Neha Majety Kagan Ege Karakus Sarah M Omer Thomas Donner Abdel Rahim A Hamad | 2020 | World Journal of Diabetes2020，11，1： | 2 |
| 13 | Hemoglobin A1c in early postpartum screening of women with gestational diabetes显示文摘AIM:To assess the utility of hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) in the early postpartum screening of women with gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM).METHODS:Over a 3 years period,HbA1c estimations were undertaken in addition to and simultaneously with the traditional oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT),in 203 women with GDM as a part of early postpartum screening for dysglycaemia,at 6 wk post-partum.World Health Organization criteria was used for diagnosing diabetes:fasting blood glucose(FBG) ≥ 7.0 mmol/Land/or 2-h postprandial blood glucose(PPBG) ≥ 11.1 mmol/L and/or HbA1c ≥ 48 mmol/mol;and impaired glycaemiastate:impaired fasting glucose 6.1-6.9 mmol/L and/or impaired glucose tolerance 7.8-11.0 mmol/L and/or HbA1c:42-47 mmol/mol.RESULTS:Mean FBG,2-h PPBG and HbA1c were 4.9 ± 0.7 mmol/L,5.6 ± 2.0 mmol/L and 38 ± 5 mmol/mol respectively.FBG,2-h PPBG and HbA1c detected 6(3%),7(3.5%) and 11(5.4%) cases of diabetes respectively,and 11(5.4%),25(12.3%) and 23(11.3%) cases of pre-diabetes state respectively.HbA1c values ≥ 48 mmol/mol(≥ 6.5%) showed a diagnostic sensitivity of 71.4% and specificity of 98.5% for diabetes in comparison to OGTT in receiver operating characteristics curve analysis.At HbA1c cut-off 44 mmol/mol,sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 92.3% respectively [area under the curve:0.98(95%CI:0.96-1.00)].Sensitivity and specificity for detecting high risk 'impaired glycaemia' state [HbA1c 42 mmol/mol(6.0%)] were 28% and 80%,respectively.CONCLUSION:HbA1c level ≥ 48 mmol/mol(≥ 6.5%) has reasonable sensitivity and high specificity in comparison to OGTT for early postpartum screening of diabetes in GDM.At 6 th week postpartum screening,if FBG is normal and HbA1c < 44 mmol/mol OGTT is not recommended. | Mahesh V Katreddy Joseph M Pappachan Sarah E Taylor Radha Indusekhar Ananth U Nayak Alan M Nevill | 2013 | World Journal of Diabetes2013，4，3： | 2 |
| 14 | Narrow band imaging to differentiate neoplastic and non-neoplastic colorectal polyps in real time: a meta-analysis of diagnostic operating characteristics显示文摘 | Sarah K McGill Evangelos Evangelou John P A Ioannidis Roy M Soetikno Tonya Kaltenbach | 2013 | Gut2013，，12： | 2 |
| 15 | Mutifactorial analysis of risk factors for reduced bone mineral density in patients with Crohn’s disease显示文摘AIM: To determine the prevalence of osteoporosis in a cohort of patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) and to identify the relative significance of risk factors for osteoporosis. METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-eight unselected patients (92 M, 166 F) with CD were studied. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured at the lumbar spine and hip by dual X-ray absorptiometry. Bone formation was assessed by measuring bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BSAP) and bone resorption by measuring urinary excretion of deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and N-telopeptide (NTX). RESULTS: Between 11.6%-13.6% patients were osteoporotic (T score < -2.5) at the lumbar spine and/or hip. NTX levels were significantly higher in the patients with osteoporosis (P < 0.05) but BSAP and DPD levels were not significantly different. Independent risk factors for osteoporosis at either the lumbar spine or hip were a low body mass index (P < 0.001), increasing corticosteroid use (P < 0.005), and male sex (P < 0.01). These factors combined accounted for 23% and 37% of the reduction in BMD at the lumbar spine and hip respectively. CONCLUSION: Our results confirm that osteoporosis is common in patients with CD and suggest that increased bone resorption is the mechanism responsible for thebone loss. However, less than half of the reduction in BMD can be attributed to risk factors such as corticosteroid use and low BMI and therefore remains unexplained. | Sarah A Bartram Robert T Peaston David J Rawlings David Walshaw Roger M Francis Nick P Thompson | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，35： | 2 |
| 16 | Increased presence of effector lymphocytes during Helicobacter hepaticus-induced colitis显示文摘AIM:To identify and characterize drosophila mothers against decapentaplegic(SMAD)3-dependent changes in immune cell populations following infection with Helicobacter hepaticus(H.hepaticus).METHODS:SMAD3 -/-(n=19)and colitis-resistant SMAD3+/-(n=24)mice(8-10 wk of age)were in-fected with H.hepaticus and changes in immune cell populations[T lymphocytes,natural killer(NK)cells,T regulatory cells]were measured in the spleen and mesenteric lymph nodes(MsLNs)at 0 d,3 d,7 d and 28 d post-infection using flow cytometry.Genotypedependent changes in T lymphocytes and granzyme B+ cells were also assessed after 28 d in proximal colon tissue using immunohistochemistry.RESULTS:As previously observed,SMAD3 -/-,but not SMAD3+/-mice,developed colitis,peaking at 4 wk post-infection.No significant changes in T cell subsets were observed in the spleen or in the MsLNs between genotypes at any time point.However,CD4+and CD8+/ CD62Llo cells,an effector T lymphocyte population,as well as NK cells(NKp46/DX5+)were significantly higher in the MsLNs of SMAD3-/-mice at 7 d and 28 d post-infection.In the colon,a higher number of CD3+cells were present in SMAD3-/-compared to SMAD3+/-mice at baseline,which did not significantly change during infection.However,the number of granzyme B+cells,a marker of cytolytic lymphocytes,significantly increased in SMAD3-/-mice 28 d post-infection compared to both SMAD3+/-mice and to baseline values.This was consistent with more severe colitis development in these animals.CONCLUSION:Data suggest that defects in SMAD3 signaling increase susceptibility to H.hepaticus-induced colitis through aberrant activation and/or dysregulation of effector lymphocytes. | Sarah J McCaskey Elizabeth A Rondini Jonathan F Clinthorne Ingeborg M Langohr Elizabeth M Gardner Jenifer I Fenton | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，13： | 2 |
| 17 | Hepatitis delta virus显示文摘 | Sarah A Hughes Heiner Wedemeyer Phillip M Harrison | 2011 | The Lancet2011，，9785： | 2 |
| 18 | Contribution of marrow-derived progenitors to vascular and cardiac regeneration显示文摘 | SHAHIN R SARAH M SERGIO D | 2002 | Semi Cell Devel Biol2002，13，： | 1 |
| 19 | Relating micro ar- thropod community structure and diversity to soil fer- tility manipulations in temperate grassland 显示文摘 | Lisa Cole Sarah M Buckland | 2005 | Soil Biology and Biochemistry2005，9，37： | 1 |
| 20 | Accruals Quality and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting 显示文摘 | Doyle J W Ge M Sarah | 2007 | Journal of Account- ing Review2007，72，7： | 1 |
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