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| 1 | Hepatitis E virus in patients with acute severe liver injury显示文摘AIM: To examine the incidence of hepatitis E(HepE) in individuals with acute liver injury severe enough to warrant treatment at a transplant unit.METHODS: Hepatitis E virus(HEV) is an emerging pathogen in developed countries causing severe illness, particularly in immunocompromised patients or those with underlying chronic liver disease. HepE infection isoften under diagnosed, as clinicians can be reluctant to test patients who have not travelled to regions traditionally considered hyperendemic for HepE. There are few data regarding the significance of HEV in patients with very severe acute liver injury in developed countries. Eighty patients with acute severe liver injury attending the Scottish Liver Transplant unit were tested for HEV and anti-HEV IgG and IgM. Severe acute liver injury was defined as a sudden deterioration in liver function confirmed by abnormal liver function tests and coagulopathy or presence of hepatic encephalopathy. Eighty percent of these patients were diagnosed with paracetomol overdose. No patients had a history of chronic or decompensated chronic liver disease at time of sampling. IgG positive samples were quantified against the World Health Organization anti-HEV IgG standard. Samples were screened for HEV viral RNA by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS: Four cases of hepatitis E were identified. Three of the four cases were only diagnosed on retrospective testing and were initially erroneously ascribed to drug-induced liver injury and decompensated chronic liver disease, with the cause of the decompensation uncertain. One case was caused by HEV genotype 1 in a traveller returning from Asia, the other three were autochthonous and diagnosed on retrospective testing. In two of these cases(where RNA was detected) HEV was found to be genotype 3, the most prevalent genotype in developed countries. Three patients survived, two of whom had been misdiagnosed as having drug induced liver injury. The fourth patient died from sepsis and liver failure precipitated as a result of hepatitis E infection and previously undiagnosed cirrhosis. Histopathology data to date is limited to mainly that seen for endemic HepE. All patients, with the exception of patient 1, demonstrated characteristics of HepE infection, as seen in previously described locally acquired cases.CONCLUSION: In patients with acute severe liver injury, HEV testing should be part of the initial diagnostic investigation algorithm irrespective of suspected initial diagnosis, age or travel history. | Claire Louise Crossan Kenneth J Simpson Darren G Craig Christopher Bellamy Janice Davidson Harry R Dalton Linda Scobie | 2014 | World Journal of Hepatology2014，6，6： | 4 |
| 2 | RUSLE Revised universal soil loss equation 显示文摘 | KENNETH G R GEORGE R F GLENN A W | 1991 | Journal of soil and water conservation1991，46，： | 1 |
| 3 | RUSLE-Revised universal soil loss equation显示文摘 | Kenneth G R George R F | 1991 | Journal of Soil and Water Conservation1991，46，1： | 1 |
| 4 | Reduced Amygdala Response to Fearful Expressions in Children and Adolescents With Callous-Unemotional Traits and Disruptive Behavior Disorders显示文摘 | Marsh Abigail A Finger Elizabeth C Mitchell Derek G V Reid Marguerite E Sims Courtney Kosson David S Towbin Kenneth E Leibenluft Ellen Pine Daniel S Blair R J R | 2008 | The American Journal of Psychiatry2008，，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Multiple-Loop Feedback Topologies for the Design of Low Sensitivity Active Filters显示文摘 | KENNETH R L ROLF S MOHAMMED S G | 1979 | IEEE Trans on CAS1979，26，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Flavonoid gene expression and UV photoprotection in transgenic and mutant Petunia leaves 显示文摘 | Ken G Rayan Ewald E Swinny Kenneth R Markham | 2002 | Phytochemistry2002，59，： | 1 |
| 7 | The utilization of risk assessments in tactical command decisions 显示文摘 | WARREN W J KENNETH R S G BRUCE B | 2002 | Sei Total Environ2002，288，： | 1 |
| 8 | The impact of heterogeneity correction on dosimetric parameters that predict for radiation pneumonitis显示文摘 | Daniel T Kenneth R Christopher G | 2006 | Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys2006，65，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Multiple-Loop Feedback Topologies for the Design of Low Sensitivity Active Filters显示文摘 | KENNETH R L ROLF S MOHAMMED S G | 1979 | IEEE Trans on CAS1979，26，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Solid phase microextraction ion mobility spectrometer interface for explosive and taggant detection显示文摘 | Jeannette M Perr Kenneth G Fulton Jose R Almirall | 2005 | Separation Science2005，28，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Determination of ammonia based on the electro-oxidation of hydroquinone in dimethylformamide or in the room temperature ionic liquid, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide显示文摘 | Debora Giovanelli Marisa C Buzzeo Nathan S Lawrence Christopher Hardacre Kenneth R Seddon Richard G Compton | 2003 | Talanta2003，，： | 1 |
| 12 | A biomechanical comparison of volar locked plating of intra-ar- ticular distal radius fractures:use of 4 versus 7 screws for distal fixation显示文摘 | David P Moss Kenneth R Means Jr Brent G Parks | 2011 | The Journal of Hand Surgery2011，36，12： | 1 |
| 13 | RUSLE-Revised universal soil loss equation 显示文摘 | KENNETH G R George R F | 1991 | Journal of Soil and Water Conservation1991，46，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Campylopusaurone, an auronoflavanone biflavonoid from the mosses Campylopus clavatus and Campylopus holomitrium 显示文摘 | Hans G Kenneth R M | 1992 | Phytochemlstry1992，31，12： | 1 |
| 15 | DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers显示文摘 | JOHN G K W ANNE R K KENNETH J L | 1990 | Nucleic Acids Research1990，18，22： | 1 |
| 16 | DNA polymorphisms amplified by arbitrary primers are useful as genetic markers显示文摘 | John G K Anne R K Kenneth J L | 1990 | Nuclei Acids Research1990，18，22： | 1 |
| 17 | Fate ofchlorpyrifos in outdoor pond microcosm and effects on growth and survival of bluegill sunfish显示文摘 | Jeffey M G Ronald C B Kenneth D R | 1997 | Environ Toxicol Chem1997，16，11： | 1 |
| 18 | A random- ized trial of intercostal nerve block following percutane- ous nephrolithotomy显示文摘 | Kenneth T P Daniela G John R D | 2009 | J Urol2009，181，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Pineapple Cultivation in Hawaii显示文摘 | DUANE P B KENNETH G R DALE O E | 2002 | Fruits and Nuts2002，10，： | 1 |
| 20 | An efficient synthesis of partially protected ct-D-ribofuranosides from D-ribese by way of a unique selective debenzylation reaction显示文摘 | MARTIN OLIVIER R KURZ KENNETH G RAO S P | 1987 | J Org Chem1987，52，： | 1 |
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