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| 1 | Biomarkers in diabetic nephropathy: Present and future显示文摘Diabetic nephropathy(DN) is the leading cause of end stage renal disease in the Western world. Microalbuminuria(MA) is the earliest and most commonly used clinical index of DN and is independently associated with cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients. Although MA remains an essential tool for risk stratification and monitoring disease progression in DN, a number of factors have called into question its predictive power. Originally thought to be predictive of future overt DN in 80% of patients, we now know that only around 30% of microalbuminuric patients progress to overt nephropathy after 10 years of follow up. In addition, advanced structural alterations in the glomerular basement membrane may already have occurred by the time MA is clinically detectable.Evidence in recent years suggests that a significant proportion of patients with MA can revert to normoalbuminuria and the concept of nonalbuminuric DN is well-documented, reflecting the fact that patients with diabetes can demonstrate a reduction in glomerular filtration rate without progressing from normo-to MA. There is an unmet clinical need to identify biomarkers with potential for earlier diagnosis and risk stratification in DN and recent developments inthis field will be the focus of this review article. | Gemma Currie Gerard Mc Kay Christian Delles | 2014 | World Journal of Diabetes2014，5，6： | 26 |
| 2 | 美国国立老化研究所与阿尔茨海默病协会诊断指南写作组:阿尔茨海默病临床前阶段的定义显示文摘阿尔茨海默病(AD)的病理生理过程在痴呆诊断的多年前就开始了。这一长期的AD“临床前”阶段是治疗干预的关键机会,但需进一步阐明AD的病理级联过程和临床症状出现之间的联系。美国国立老化研究所和AD协会召集了一个国际工作组对AD生物标志物、流行病学和神经心理学的证据进行综述并提出建议,以确定能够预测由“正常”认知到轻度认知功能障碍(MCI)及AD痴呆的最佳预测指标。根据目前已有的主要科学证据,我们提出了一个概念性的框架和用于操作的研究标准,以通过纵向临床研究来验证和改进这些模型。这些建议仅用于研究目的,目前不涉及临床应用。我们希望这些建议能提供一个共识,以推进临床前AD的研究,最终推动更早期治疗干预的进展,使得一些疾病减缓药物的疗效发挥最大。 | Sperling RA Aisen PS Beckett LA Bennett DA Craft S Fagan AM Iwatsubo T Jack CR Jr Kaye J Montine TJ Park DC Reiman EM Rowe CC Siemers E Stern Y Yaffe K Carrillo MC Thies B Morrison-Bogorad M Wagster MV Phelps CH 贾建平(译) 郭起浩(译) 黄丽(译) 陆璐(译) 张逸驰(译) 邢怡(译) | 2012 | 中华神经科杂志2012，45，5： | 22 |
| 3 | Cell signalling pathways underlying induced pluripotent stem cell reprogramming显示文摘Induced pluripotent stem(i PS) cells, somatic cells reprogrammed to the pluripotent state by forced expression of defined factors, represent a uniquely valuable resource for research and regenerative medicine. However, this methodology remains inefficient due to incomplete mechanistic understanding of the reprogramming process. In recent years, various groups have endeavoured to interrogate the cell signalling that governs the reprogramming process, including LIF/STAT3, BMP, PI3 K, FGF2, Wnt, TGFβ and MAPK pathways, with the aim of increasing our understanding and identifying new mechanisms of improving safety, reproducibility and efficiency. This has led to a unified model of reprogramming that consists of 3 stages: initiation, maturation and stabilisation. Initiation of reprogramming occurs in almost all cells that receive the reprogramming transgenes; most commonly Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c Myc, and involves a phenotypic mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition. The initiation stage is also characterised by increased proliferation and a metabolic switch from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis. The maturation stage is considered the major bottleneck within the process, resulting in very few 'stabilisation competent' cells progressing to the final stabilisation phase. To reach this stage in both mouse and human cells, pre-i PS cells must activate endogenous expression of the core circuitry of pluripotency, comprising Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog, and thus reach a state of transgene independence. By the stabilisation stage, i PS cells generally use the same signalling networks that govern pluripotency in embryonic stem cells. These pathways differ between mouse and human cells although recent work has demonstrated that this is context dependent. As i PS cell generation technologies move forward, tools are being developed to interrogate the process in more detail, thus allowing a greater understanding of this intriguing biological phenomenon. | Kate Hawkins Shona Joy Tristan Mc Kay | 2014 | World Journal of Stem Cells2014，6，5： | 5 |
| 4 | Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder in a patient on intermittent self-catheterization显示文摘 | Kaye MC Levin HS Montague DK | 1992 | Cleve Clin J Med1992，59，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Therapeutic strategies in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy: A translational medicine approach 显示文摘 | Shah IM Mackay SP Mc Kay GA | 2009 | Curr Med Chem2009，16，8： | 1 |
| 6 | Guidelines for the investigation and management of mantle cell lymphoma显示文摘 | Mc Kay P Leach M Jackson R | 2012 | Haematol2012，159，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Case reports of olanzapine treatment of anorexia nervosa显示文摘 | La Via MC Gray N Kaye WH | 2000 | Int J Eat Disord2000，27，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder in a patient on intermittent self-catheterization 显示文摘 | Kaye MC Levin HS Montague DK | 1992 | Cleve Clin J Med1992，59，6： | 1 |
| 9 | Dioxin characterisation, formation and minimisation during municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration: review 显示文摘 | Gordon Mc Kay | 2002 | Chemical Engineering Journal2002，86，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Home blood pressure monitoring among Canadian adults with hyperten- sion results from the 2009 survey on living with chronic diseases in Canada显示文摘 | Bancej CM Campbe N Mc Kay DW | 2010 | Can J Cardio2010，26，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Stem cells in the central nervous system显示文摘 | Mc Kay R | 1997 | Science1997，276，： | 1 |
| 12 | Orbital apex: correlative anatomic and CT study 显示文摘 | Daniels DL Pech P Kay MC | 1985 | A JR Am J Roentgenol1985，145，6： | 1 |
| 13 | A multilocus molecular phylogeny for the avian genus Liocichla(Passeriformes:Leiothrichidae:Liocichla)显示文摘Background:Historically the babblers have been assigned to the family Timaliidae but several recent studies have attempted to rest the taxonomy of this diverse passerine assemblage on a more firm evolutionary footing.The result has been a major rearrangement of the group.A well?supported and comprehensive phylogeny for this widespread avian group is an important part of testing evolutionary and biogeographic hypotheses,especially in Asia where the babblers are a key component of many forest ecosystems.However,the genus Liocichla is poorly represented in these prior studies of babbler systematics.Methods:We used a multilocus molecular genetic approach to generate a phylogenetic hypothesis for all five cur?rently recognized species in the avian genus Liocichla.Multilocus DNA sequence data was used to construct individ?ual gene trees using maximum likelihood and species trees were estimated from gene trees using Bayesian analyses.Divergence dates were obtained using a molecular clock approach.Results:Molecular data estimate a probable window of time for the origin for the Liocichla from the mid to late Miocene,between 5.55 and 12.87 Ma.Despite plumage similarities between the insular Taiwan endemic,L.steerii,and the continental L.bugunorum and L.omeiensis,molecular data suggest that L.steerii is the sister taxon to all continen?tal Liocichla.The continental Liocichla are comprised of two lineages;a lineage containing L.omeiensis and L.bugunorum and a lineage comprised of L.phoenicea and L.ripponi.The comparatively early divergence of L.steerii within the Liocichla may be illusory due to extinct and therefore unsampled lineages.L.ripponi and L.phoenicea are parapatric with a Pleistocene split(0.07–1.88 Ma) occurring between an Eastern Himalayan L.phoenicea and a Northern Indo?china distributed L.ripponi.L.bugunorum and L.omeiensis underwent a similar split between the Eastern Himalaya(L.bugunorum) and Central China(L.omeiensis) divided by the Hengduan Mountains.Conclusions:This study supports an origin of the Liocichla occurring sometime prior to the Miocene–Pliocene boundary,a period of significant climatic upheaval in Asia.The biogeographical patterns within the Liocichla mirror those of other birds in the region and allude to common geological and climatic drivers of avian diversification in Asia. | Herman L Mays Bailey D Mc Kay Dieter Thomas Tietze Cheng-Te Yao Lindsey N Miller Kathleen N Moreland Fumin Lei | 2015 | Chinese Birds2015，，3： | 1 |
| 14 | A novel anti-inflammatory role of simvastatin in a murine model of allergic asthma显示文摘 | Mc Kay A Leung BP Mc Innes IB | 2004 | Immunol2004，172，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flaps in head and neck reconstruction显示文摘 | Beausang ES Mc Kay D Brown DH | 2003 | Ann Plast Surg2003，51，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Issues in sediment toxicity and ecological risk assessment 显示文摘 | Peter MC Kay TH Wayne RM | 2002 | Marine Pollution Bulletin2002，44，： | 1 |
| 17 | Experience with cardiopulmonary bypass and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in the management of retroperitoneal tumors with large vena caval thrombi显示文摘 | Novick AC Kaye MC Cosgrove DM | 1990 | Ann Surg1990，212，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Esophageal staple transection as a salvage procedure after failure of acute infection sclerotherapy显示文摘 | Mc Cormick PA Kaye GL Greenslade L | 1992 | Hepatology1992，15，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Inhaled P38al Phamitogen - activated proteinkinase Antisense oligonue leotide attenuates asthma in mice显示文摘 | Duan W Chan JH MC Kay K | 2005 | Am J Res Pir Crit Care Med2005，171，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Transcatheter Closure of Ventricular Septal Defects显示文摘 | Lock J E Block P C Mc Kay R G | 1988 | Circulation1988，78，： | 1 |
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