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| 1 | Enteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis:A review of the current evidence显示文摘The use of enteral feeding as part of the management of acute pancreatitis dates back almost two decades.This review describes the indications for and limitations of enteral feeding for the treatment of acute pancreatitis using up-to-date evidence-based data.A systematic review was carried out to analyse current data on the use of enteral nutrition in the management of acute pancreatitis.Relevant literature was analysed from the viewpoints of enteral vs parenteral feeding,early vs delayed enteral nutrition,nasogastric vs nasojejunal feeding,and early oral diet and immunonutrition,particularly glutamine and probiotic supplementation.Finally,current applicable guidelines and the effects of these guidelines on clinical practice are discussed.The latest meta-analyses suggest that enteral nutrition significantly reduces the mortality rate of severe acute pancreatitis compared to parenteral feeding.To maintain gut barrier function and prevent early bacterial translocation,enteral feeding should be commenced within the first 24 h of hospital admission.Also,the safety of nasogastric feeding,which eases the administration of enteral nutrients in the clinical setting,is likely equal to nasojejunal feeding.Furthermore,an earlylow-fat oral diet is potentially beneficial in patients with mild pancreatitis.Despite the initial encouraging results,the current evidence does not support the use of immunoenhanced nutrients or probiotics in patients with acute pancreatitis. | Attila Oláh Laszlo Romics Jr | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，43： | 81 |
| 2 | 美国国立老化研究所与阿尔茨海默病协会诊断指南写作组:阿尔茨海默病源性轻度认知障碍诊断标准推荐显示文摘美国国立老化研究所(NIA)和阿尔茨海默病协会(ADA)组织了一个工作组,负责阿尔茨海默病(AD)痴呆前症状阶段——即本文所称的AD源性轻度认知障碍(MCI)的诊断标准的制订及完善。该工作组制订了以下两套标准:(1)在缺乏相应条件进行先进影像技术及脑脊液检查时,医务人员适用的核心临床标准;(2)适用于包括临床试验在内的科学研究的研究标准。后者纳入了基于影像技术及脑脊液检查的生物标志物的应用。并根据所出现的生物标志物的性质,将最终MCI诊断的确定性程度分为4个级别。而要使生物标志物有效应用于诊断,并在社区医疗服务中规范使用,尚需做大量的工作。 | McKhann GM Knopman DS Chertkow H Hyman BT Jack CR Jr Kawas CH Klunk WE Koroshetz WJ Manly JJ Mayeux R Mohs RC Morris JC Rossor MN Schehens P Carrillo MC Thies B Weintraub S Phelps CH 贾建平(译) 陆璐(译) 张逸驰(译) 黄丽黄(译) 礼媛(译) | 2012 | 中华神经科杂志2012，45，5： | 51 |
| 3 | 美国国立老化研究所与阿尔茨海默病协会诊断指南写作组:阿尔茨海默病痴呆诊断标准的推荐显示文摘由美国国立老化研究所(NIA)和阿尔茨海默病(AD)协会组织了一个工作组,负责修订1984年版AD痴呆的诊断标准。旨在确保修订后的标准具有足够的灵活性,既可供缺乏神经心理学测验、先进的影像技术和脑脊液检查措施的普通医务人员使用,也可供具备上述措施的科研、临床试验的专业研究者使用。新的标准广泛适用于各种原因的痴呆以及专门针对AD痴呆的标准,保留了1984年版标准中的“很可能的AD痴呆”的总体框架。在过去27年的经验基础上,工作组对临床诊断标准做了一些修改,保留了“可能的AD痴呆”的术语,但对其进行了更有针对性的重新定义。在科研用的“很可能的和可能的AD痴呆”的诊断标准中纳入了生物标志物证据。AD痴呆的核心临床标准仍将是临床实践中诊断的基础,但用生物标志物证据来提高AD痴呆诊断的病理生理学特异性也被人们寄予厚望。要实现AD痴呆的生物标志物诊断,还有许多工作摆在面前。 | McKhann GM Knopman DS Chertkow H Hyman BT Jack CR Jr Kawas CH Klunk WE Koroshetz WJ Manly J J Mayeux R Mohs RC Morris JC Rossor MN Scheltens P Carrillo MC Thies B Weintraub S Phelps CH 贾建平(译) 陆璐(译) 张逸驰(译) 黄丽(译) 韩阅(译) | 2012 | 中华神经科杂志2012，45，5： | 52 |
| 4 | 用面积平衡原理预测伸展断陷盆地中岩层内部应变及亚分辨正断层的方法显示文摘大多数地堑和半地堑是由深度近水平的拆离正断层控制的 .根据面积平衡原理 ,这些伸展断陷盆地岩层的区域基准面至拆离断层面高度 (h)与其损失面积 (S)呈线性比例 .拆离断层之上的盆地基底岩层的水平伸展量相同 ,因此 ,用“S -h图解法”可以确定拆离断层深度 ,并能在此基础上计算出岩层的总水平伸展量 .伸展盆地中的总水平伸展量主要是由不同尺度的正断层的水平离距体现出来的 .可观测解释的断层的水平位移可以通过测量盆地宽度、岩层长度等直接得到 .用剖面面积平衡方法可计算出盆地各岩层的平行岩层面的应变 ,其中相当部分是由在观测尺度上不能直接解释出来的“亚分辨正断层”的小尺度位移造成的 .因此 ,在分析伸展断陷盆地的构造样式、岩层力学性质基础上 ,有可能对计算得到的平行岩层的伸展应变进行合理评估 ,进而可以定量地预测“亚分辨正断层”的密度和可能的分布部位 . | 漆家福 Groshong R H Jr 杨桥 | 2002 | 地球科学(中国地质大学学报)2002，27，6： | 17 |
| 5 | 内侧固定平台单髁置换术后的冠状面下肢力线是翻修的影响因素显示文摘膝关节单髁置换术(unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,UKA)后患者冠状面的下肢力线被认为是影响手术长期疗效的一个重要因素,但关于最佳的UKA术后下肢力线还没有形成明确共识。一些研究主张术后下肢力线应保持在中立位,而另一些研究认为即使术后下肢力线存在10°的内翻也可获得良好的临床效果。 | Sean E Slaven John P Cody Robert A Sershon Henry Ho Robert H Hopper Jr Kevin B Fricka 李亚坤(整理) 张民(整理) | 2020 | 实用骨科杂志2020，26，12： | 15 |
| 6 | 烟酰胺磷酸核糖基转移酶促进肺血管重塑,是肺动脉高压的治疗靶点显示文摘肺动脉高压(pulmonary arterial hypertension,PAH)是一种严重的进行性疾病,其标志之一是肺血管重塑。烟酰胺磷酸核糖基转移酶(nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase,NAMPT)是调节细胞内烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸水平、细胞氧化还原状态,调节组蛋白脱乙酰酶,促进细胞增殖和抑制凋亡的一种细胞酶。研究人员假设NAMPT可促进肺血管重塑, | Chen J Sysol JR Singla S Zhao S Yamamura A Valdez-Jasso D Abbasi T Shioura KM Sahni S Reddy V Sridhar A Gao H Torres J Camp SM Tang H Ye SQ Comhair S Dweik R Hassoun P Yuan JX Garcia JG Machado RF 刘莉 叶鹏 | 2017 | 中华高血压杂志2017，25，2： | 10 |
| 7 | 关于痛风诊治决策的调查及相关因素分析显示文摘目的了解国内医生诊治痛风的决策并对相关因素进行分析。方法对197名医生进行了关于痛风诊治决策的现场问卷调查,同时收集答卷人的个人资料,通过双变量分析和多重Logistic回归分析模型,分析影响决策的相关因素。结果一共收回120份有效答卷。在诊断痛风时,94名医生(78.3%)认为应该检查患者的关节滑液。在治疗急性痛风发作时,如果患者肾功能良好,83名医生(69.2%)首选口服秋水仙碱;如果患者肾功能不全,50名医生(41.7%)首选皮质激素或促皮质激素。在降血尿酸治疗时,99名医生(82.5%)选择的指征不当,107名医生(89.2%)治疗开始得太早,92名医生(76.7%)用药的时间不够长。另外,在开始降血尿酸治疗的同时,仅有17名医生(14.2%)预防急性痛风的发作。多重Logistic回归分析发现痛风继续教育是医生采取正确诊断方法的相关因素。结论国内医生诊治痛风的决策与目前国际较为公认的意见并不一致,高质量的医学继续教育有可能提高医生诊治痛风的决策水平。 | 方卫纲 曾学军 李梦涛 Lan X Chen H Ralph Schumacher Jr 张奉春 | 2006 | 中华医学杂志2006，86，27： | 9 |
| 8 | Modern imaging of the tracheo-bronchial tree显示文摘Recent state-of-the-art computed tomography and improved three-dimensional(3-D) postprocessing techniques have revolutionized the capability of visualizing airway pathology,offering physicians an advanced view of pathology and allowing for appropriate management planning.This article is a comprehensive review of trachea and main bronchi imaging,with emphasis on the dynamic airway anatomy,and a discussion of a wide variety of diseases including,but not limited to,congenital large airway abnormalities,tracheobronchial stenoses,benign and malignant neoplasms and tracheobronchomalacia.The importance of multiplanar reconstruction,3-D reconstruction and incorporation of dynamic imaging for non-invasive evaluation of the large airways is stressed. | Archana T Laroia Brad H Thompson Sandeep T Laroia Edwin JR van Beek | 2010 | World Journal of Radiology2010，2，7： | 8 |
| 9 | 急性脊髓损伤患者治疗的临床操作指南:关于MRI基线在临床治疗决策与结果预测中作用的几点建议(英文)显示文摘The objective of this guideline is to outline the role of magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in clinical decision making and outcome prediction in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury(SCI).Methods A systematic review of the literature was conducted to address key questions related to the use of MRI in patients with traumatic SCI.This review focused on longitudinal studies that controlled for baseline neurologic status.A multidisciplinary Guideline Development Group(GDG) used this information,their clinical expertise,and patient input to develop recommendations on the use of MRI for SCI patients.Based on GRADE(Grading of Recommendation,Assessment,Development and Evaluation),a strong recommendation is worded as ' we recommend,' whereas a weaker recommendation is indicated by 'we suggest.' Results Based on the limited available evidence and the clinical expertise of the GDG,our recommendations were:(1) 'We suggest that MRI be performed in adult patients with acute SCI prior to surgical intervention,when feasible,to facilitate improved clinical decision-making'(quality of evidence,very low) and(2) 'We suggest that MRI should be performed in adult patients in the acute period following SCI,before or after surgical intervention,to improve prediction of neurologic outcome '(quality of evidence,low).Conclusions These guidelines should be implemented into clinical practice to improve outcomes and prognostication for patients with SCI. | Fehlings MG Martin AR Tetreault LA Aarabi B Anderson P Arnold PM Brodke D Burns AS Chiba K Dettori JR Furlan JC Hawryluk G Holly LT Howley S Jeji T Kalsi-Ryan S Kotter M Kurpad S Kwon BK Marino RJ Massicotte E Merli G Middleton JW Nakashima H Nagoshi N Palmieri K Singh A Skelly AC Tsai EC Vaccaro A Wilson JR Yee A Harrop JS | 2017 | 中华神经外科疾病研究杂志2017，16，6： | 8 |
| 10 | 诊断性试验和策略的证据质量和推荐强度的分级显示文摘GRADE系统能对诊断性试验或策略的证据质量和推荐强度进行分级。本文旨在阐释在此过程中如何考虑患者的重要结局, | Holger J Schünemann Andrew D Oxman Jan Brozek Paul Glasziou Roman Jaeschke Gunn E Vist John W Williams Jr Regina Kunz Jonathan Craig Victor M Montori Patrick Bossuyt Gordon H Guyatt 李晓 黄程 陈耀龙 李幼平 | 2009 | 中国循证医学杂志2009，9，5： | 7 |
| 11 | 螺内酯与可乐定作为难治性高血压第4种治疗药物的比较:难治性高血压的最佳治疗随机研究显示文摘该研究旨在通过一个多中心随机试验对作为难治性高血压患者的第4种治疗药物的螺内酯与可乐定进行比较。采用药丸计数评估药物治疗依从性。难治性高血压患者(定义为包括1种利尿剂在内的3种药物治疗12周,诊室及动态血压监测血压仍未控制)随机给予螺内酯(12.5~50 mg/d)或可乐定(0.1~0.3mg,2次/d)继续治疗12周。 | Krieger EM Drager LF Giorgi DMA Pereira AC Barreto-Filho JAS Nogueira AR Mill JG Lotufo PA Amodeo C Batista MC Bodanese LC Carvalho ACC Castro I Chaves H Costa EAS Feitosa GS Franco RJS Fuchs FD Guimarāes AC Jardim PC Machado CA Magalhāes ME Mion D Jr Nascimento RM Nobre F Nóbrega AC Ribeiro ALP Rodrigues-Sobrinho CR Sanjuliani AF Teixeira MDCB Krieger JE ReHOT Investigators 赵狄 练桂丽 | 2018 | 中华高血压杂志2018，26，3： | 7 |
| 12 | Counter-regulatory phosphatases TNAP and NPP1 temporally regulate tooth root cementogenesis显示文摘Cementum is critical for anchoring the insertion of periodontal ligament fibers to the tooth root. Several aspects of cementogenesis remain unclear, including differences between acellular cementum and cellular cementum, and between cementum and bone.Biomineralization is regulated by the ratio of inorganic phosphate(Pi) to mineral inhibitor pyrophosphate(PPi), where local Piand PPi concentrations are controlled by phosphatases including tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase(TNAP) and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1(NPP1). The focus of this study was to define the roles of these phosphatases in cementogenesis. TNAP was associated with earliest cementoblasts near forming acellular and cellular cementum. With loss of TNAP in the Alpl null mouse, acellular cementum was inhibited, while cellular cementum production increased, albeit as hypomineralized cementoid. In contrast, NPP1 was detected in cementoblasts after acellular cementum formation, and at low levels around cellular cementum. Loss of NPP1 in the Enpp1 null mouse increased acellular cementum, with little effect on cellular cementum.Developmental patterns were recapitulated in a mouse model for acellular cementum regeneration, with early TNAP expression and later NPP1 expression. In vitro, cementoblasts expressed Alpl gene/protein early, whereas Enpp1 gene/protein expression was significantly induced only under mineralization conditions. These patterns were confirmed in human teeth, including widespread TNAP, and NPP1 restricted to cementoblasts lining acellular cementum. These studies suggest that early TNAP expression creates a low PPienvironment promoting acellular cementum initiation, while later NPP1 expression increases PPi, restricting acellular cementum apposition. Alterations in PPihave little effect on cellular cementum formation, though matrix mineralization is affected. | Laura E Zweifler Mudita K Patel Francisco H Nociti Jr Helen F Wimer Jose L Milln Martha J Somerman Brian L Foster | 2015 | International Journal of Oral Science2015，7，1： | 5 |
| 13 | Reprogramming of a defense signaling pathway in rough lemon and sweet orange is a critical element of the early response to‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’显示文摘Huanglongbing(HLB)in citrus infected by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus(CLas)has caused tremendous losses to the citrus industry.No resistant genotypes have been identified in citrus species or close relatives.Among citrus varieties,rough lemon(Citrus jambhiri)has been considered tolerant due to its ability to produce a healthy flush of new growth after infection.The difference between tolerance and susceptibility is often defined by the speed and intensity of a plant’s response to a pathogen,especially early defense responses.RNA-seq data were collected from three biological replicates of CLas-and mock-inoculated rough lemon and sweet orange at week 0 and 7 following infection.Functional analysis of the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)indicated that genes involved in the mitogen activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway were highly upregulated in rough lemon.MAPK induces the transcription of WRKY and other transcription factors which potentially turn on multiple defense-related genes.A Subnetwork Enrichment Analysis further revealed different patterns of regulation of several functional categories,suggesting DEGs with different functions were subjected to reprogramming.In general,the amplitude of the expression of defense-related genes is much greater in rough lemon than in sweet orange.A quantitative disease resistance response may contribute to the durable tolerance level to HLB observed in rough lemon. | Qibin Yu Chunxian Chen Dongliang Du Ming Huang Jiqiang Yao Fahong Yu Ronald H Brlansky Frederick G.Gmitter Jr | 2017 | Horticulture Research2017，4，1： | 5 |
| 14 | 肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮轴在血管瘤组织中的表达及其对普萘洛尔治疗的影响显示文摘普萘洛尔治疗婴幼儿血管瘤(IH)的机制尚不清楚。该文作者假设这一非选择性β受体阻滞剂通过下调肾素-血管紧张素一醛固酮(RAA)轴系统的表达。抑制血管新生,促进IH消退。 | Dornhoffer JR Wei T Zhang H 张凌 | 2017 | 中国口腔颌面外科杂志2017，15，3： | 5 |
| 15 | Approach to medical therapy in perianal Crohn’s disease显示文摘Perianal Crohn’s disease remains a challenging condition to treat and can have a substantial negative impact on quality of life.It often requires combined surgical and medical interventions.Anti-tumor necrosis factor(anti-TNF)therapy,including infliximab and adalimumab,remain preferred medical therapies for perianal Crohn’s disease.Infliximab has been shown to be efficacious in improving fistula closure rates in randomized controlled trials.Clinicians can be faced with a number of questions relating to the optimal use of anti-TNF therapy in perianal Crohn’s disease.Specific issues include evaluation for the presence of perianal sepsis,the treatment target of therapy,the ideal time to commence treatment,whether additional medical therapy should be used in conjunction with anti-TNF therapy,and the duration of treatment.This article will discuss key studies which can assist clinicians in addressing these matters when they are considering or have already commenced anti-TNF therapy for the treatment of perianal Crohn’s disease.It will also discuss current evidence regarding the use of vedolizumab and ustekinumab in patients who are failing to achieve a response to anti-TNF therapy for perianal Crohn’s disease.Lastly,new therapies such as local injection of mesenchymal stem cell therapy will be discussed. | Abhinav Vasudevan David H Bruining Edward V Loftus Jr William Faubion Eric C Ehman Laura Raffals | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，25： | 4 |
| 16 | Phase-field modeling of void evolution and swelling in materials under irradiation显示文摘Void swelling is an important phenomenon observed in both nuclear fuels and cladding materials in operating nuclear reactors. In this work we develop a phase-field model to simulate void evolution and void volume change in irradiated materials. Important material processes, including the generation of defects such as vacancies and self-interstitials, their diffusion and annihilation, and void nucleation and evolution, have been taken into account in this model. The thermodynamic and kinetic properties, such as chemical free energy, interfacial energy, vacancy mobility, and annihilation rate of vacancies and interstitials, are expressed as a function of temperature and/or defect concentrations in a general manner. The model allows for parametric studies of critical void nucleus size, void growth kinetics, and void volume fraction evolutions. Our simulations demonstrated that void swelling displays a quasi-bell shape distribution with temperature often observed in experiments. | HENAGER Charles H Jr KHALEEL Mohammad | 2011 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2011，54，5： | 3 |
| 17 | 脑血管痉挛的治疗进展显示文摘近数十年来,脑血管意外如动脉瘤破裂后导致的蛛网膜下腔出血(SAH)已被临床医师所熟知。动脉瘤破裂所致蛛网膜下腔出血最常见的并发症为脑血管痉挛,近半数患者发生于出血后.若不予治疗,神经功能缺失或死亡的发生率高达20%。事实上,致残或致死的主要原因是动脉痉挛引起的迟发性脑缺血。鉴于脑血管痉挛的损害作用.研究者及临床医师多年来一直致力于明确其病理生理机制以期发现有效的治疗方法。 | Cargill H Alleyne Jr 刘暌(译) 只达石(校) | 2007 | 中国现代神经疾病杂志2007，7，2： | 2 |
| 18 | Study on incisional implantation of tumor cells by carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum in gastric cancer of a murine model显示文摘 | Wang H Zheng MH Zhang HB Zhu J He JR Lu AG Ji YB Zhang MJ Jiang Y Yu BM Li HW | 1999 | World Journal of Gastroenterology1999，5，6： | 2 |
| 19 | Mixed-mode bending method for delamination testing 显示文摘 | James R Reeder John H Crews Jr | 1990 | AIAA Journal1990，28，7： | 2 |
| 20 | Roles of Financial Innovation and Information Technology:Lessons from US Sub-prime Mortgage Crisis and Its Implications for China显示文摘The mortgage loan has evolved from a local lending instrument into a major global security and its role is unparallel to other financial instruments in the process of financial globalization.This paper explains how technology and financial innovation transformed the mortgage loan from a local security into a premier global security traded worldwide.It examines the fundamental flaws of this process and why it does not work in regards to mortgage lending and the re-securitization products that were created through financial innovation.The findings show that regulation was unable to keep pace with financial innovation,which created an environment where actors in the financial service sector were able to behave geographically irresponsibly by using information asymmetries to their advantage by participating in moral hazard activities and engaging in other immoral and unethical business practices that were centered around localized geography,which ultimately contributed to the global financial crisis.It also examines the roll of financial innovation in regard to the Lehman Brothers Mini-Bond in Hong and its role as a driving force behind China's newly emerging shadow banking sector.It concludes with a policy recommendation and its implication for China's continued economic development. | James H LENZER JR Simon Xiaobin ZHAO | 2012 | Chinese Geographical Science2012，22，3： | 2 |
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