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| 1 | Mammalian WTAP is a regulatory subunit of the RNA N6-methyladenosine methyltransferase显示文摘包含 methyltransferase 建筑群的象 3 一样的 methyltransferase (METTL3 ) 催化 N6-methyladenosine (m6A ) 形成,一个新奇 epitranscriptomic 标记;然而,这建筑群的性质仍然保持大部分未知。这里,我们报导人的 m6A methyltransferase 建筑群, Wilm 的肿瘤 1 伙伴蛋白质(WTAP ) 和象 14 一样的 methyltransferase (METTL14 ) 的二个新部件。WTAP 与 METTL3 和 METTL14 交往,并且为他们的本地化被要求进在 vivo 与处理因素的 pre-mRNA 并且为 m6A methyltransferase 的催化活动充实的原子点缀。RNA 的多数在 vivo 由 WTAP 和 METTL3 跳了代表包含一致 m6A 主题的 mRNAs。当 WTAP 不在时, METTL3 的 RNA 有约束力的能力强烈被减少,建议 WTAP 可以工作调整到 mRNA 目标的 m6A methyltransferase 建筑群的招募。而且,在有 photoactivatable-ribonucleoside-enhanced crosslinking 和 immunoprecipitation (同等片断) 的联合的 transcriptomic 分析说明那 WTAP 和 METTL3 调整涉及抄写并且 RNA 处理的基因拼接的表示和选择。在 zebrafish 胚胎的调停 Morpholino 的击倒的指向 WTAP 或 METTL3 引起了织物区别缺点并且增加了 apoptosis。这些调查结果提供 WTAP 可以在 m6A methyltransferase 建筑群作为一个规章的子单元工作并且在 RNA 的 epitranscriptomic 规定起一个关键作用的充分证据新陈代谢。 | Xiao-Li Ping Bao-Fa Sun Lu Wang Wen Xiao Xin Yang Wen-Jia Wang Samir Adhikari Yue Shi Ying Lv Yu-Sheng Chen Xu Zhao Ang Li Ying Yang Ujwal Dahal Xiao-Min Lou Xi Liu Jun Huang Wei-Ping Yuan Xiao-Fan Zhu Tao Cheng Yong-Liang Zhao Xinquan Wang Jannie M Rendtlew Danielsen Feng Liu Yun-Gui Yang | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，2： | 244 |
| 2 | FTO-dependent demethylation of N6-methyladenosine regulates mRNA splicing and is required for adipogenesis显示文摘 | Xu Zhao Ying Yang Bao-Fa Sun Yue Shi Xin Yang Wen Xiao Ya-Juan Hao Xiao-Li Ping Yu-Sheng Chen Wen-Jia Wang Kang-Xuan Jin Xing Wang Chun-Min Huang Yu Fu Xiao-Meng Ge Shu-Hui Song Hyun Seok Jeong Hiroyuki Yanagisawa Yamei Niu Gui-Fang Jia Wei Wu Wei-Min Tong Akimitsu Okamoto Chuan He Jannie M Rendtlew Danielsen Xiu-Jie Wang Yun-Gui Yang | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，12： | 109 |
| 3 | Inflammatory pathways of importance for management of inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a group of chronic disorders of the gastrointestinal tract comprising Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC).Their etiologies are unknown,but they are characterised by an imbalanced production of pro-inflammatory mediators,e.g.,tumor necrosis factor(TNF)-α,as well as increased recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation.Advantages in understanding the role of the inflammatory pathways in IBD and an inadequate response to conventional therapy in a large portion of patients,has over the last two decades lead to new therapies which includes the TNF inhibitors(TNFi),designed to target and neutralise the effect of TNF-α.TNFi have shown to be efficient in treating moderate to severe CD and UC.However,convenient alternative therapeutics targeting other immune pathways are needed for patients with IBD refractory to conventional therapy including TNFi.Indeed,several therapeutics are currently under development,and have shown success in clinical trials.These include antibodies targeting and neutralising interleukin-12/23,small pharmacologic Janus kinase inhibitors designed to block intracellular signaling of several pro-inflammatory cytokines,antibodies targeting integrins,and small anti-adhesion molecules that block adhesion between leukocytes and the intestinal vascular endothelium,reducing their infiltration into the inflamed mucosa.In this review we have elucidated the major signaling pathways of clinical importance for IBD therapy and highlighted the new promising therapies available.As stated in this paper several new treatment options are under development for the treatment of CD and UC,however,no drug fits all patients.Hence,optimisations of treatment regimens are warranted for the benefit of the patients either through biomarker establishment or other rationales to maximise the effect of the broad range of mode-of-actions of the present and future drugs in IBD. | Jannie Pedersen Mehmet Coskun Christoffer Soendergaard Mohammad Salem Ole Haagen Nielsen | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，1： | 28 |
| 4 | Impact of periampullary diverticula on the outcome and fluoroscopy time in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography显示文摘BACKGROUND: It is unclear whether the presence of periampullary diverticula (PAD) affects technical success and complication rates during endoscopic retrograde cholangio- pancreatography (ERCP). Moreover, the impact of PAD on fluoroscopy duration is still unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the success rate and difficulty of common bile duct (CBD) cannulation, post-procedure complications and fluoroscopy duration in patients with and without PAD. METHODS: Patients from January 2008 to December 2010 with PAD (group A) and without PAD (group B) and similar indications for therapeutic ERCP were prospectively compared. The comparison included patient characteristics, findings of ERCP, and details of procedure and fluoroscopy time. The influence of papilla's location with respect to the diverticulum on procedure was also investigated. RESULTS: A total of 428 consecutive patients who had undergone therapeutic ERCP for similar indications were divided in two groups according to the presence (group A, 107 patients) or absence (group B, 321 patients) of PAD. The mean age and ASA score of the patients with PAD were significantly higher than those patients without PAD. The main indication was choledocholithiasis. Successful final CBD cannulation was achieved in 97.20% of the patients in group A vs 99.69% in group B (P=0.05). CBD diameter, number of stones and the largest stone size were significantly higher in group A thangroup B (P<0.001). Complete clearance of the CBD after the first attempt was achieved in 85.86% and 94.75% of the patients in groups A and B, respectively (P=0.03). In both groups, the time needed to complete the procedure and fluoroscopy time was significantly longer in patients with PAD (22.87 vs 18.99 minutes, P<0.001; 76.51 vs 47.42 seconds, P<0.001). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the complication rate. The type of papilla's location with respect to the diverticulum did not influence the total cannulation rate and post-procedure complications. CONCLUSION: The presence of a PAD does not affect the success rate and complications of therapeutic ERCP in expert hands; however, the fluoroscopy time is significantly longer in patients with PAD. | Panagiotis Katsinelos Grigoris Chatzimavroudis Kostas Tziomalos Christos Zavos Athanasios Beltsis Georgia Lazaraki Sotiris Terzoudis Jannis Kountouras | 2013 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2013，12，4： | 15 |
| 5 | Recent advances in the management of radiation colitis显示文摘Radiation colitis, an insidious, progressive disease of increasing frequency, develops 6 mo to 5 years after regional radiotherapy for malignancy, owing to the deleterious effects of the latter on the colon and the small intestine. When dealing with radiation colitis and its complications, the most conservative modality should be employed because the areas of intestinal injury do not tend to heal. Acute radiation colitis is mostly self-limited, and usually, only supportive management is required. Chronic radiation colitis, a poorly predictable progressive disease, is considered as a precancerous lesion; radiation-associated malignancy has a tendency to be diagnosed at an advanced stage and to bear a dismal prognosis. Therefore, management of chronic radiation colitis remains a major challenge owing to the progressive evolution of the disease, including development of fibrosis, endarteritis, edema, fragility, perforation, partial obstruction, and cancer. Patients are commonly managed conservatively. Surgical intervention is difficult to perform because of the extension of fibrosis and alterations in the gut and mesentery, and should be reserved for intestinal obstruction, perforation, fistulas, and severe bleeding. Owing to the difficulty in managing the complications of acute and chronic radiation colitis, particular attention should be focused onto the prevention strategies. Uncovering the fibrosis mechanisms and the molecular events underlying radiation bowel disease could lead to the introduction of new therapeutic and/or preventive approaches. A variety of novel, mostly experimental, agents have been used mainly as a prophylaxis, and improvements have been made in radiotherapy delivery, including techniques toreduce the amount of exposed intestine in the radiation field, as a critical strategy for prevention. | Jannis Kountouras Christos Zavos | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，48： | 15 |
| 6 | Long-term results of pneumatic dilation for achalasia: A15 years' experience显示文摘AIM: Although most patients with achalasia respond to pneumatic dilation, one-third experienced recurrence, and prolonged follow-up studies on parameters associated with various outcomes are scanty. In this retrospective study, we reported a 15-years' experience with pneumatic dilation treatment in patients with primary achalasia, and determined whether previously described predictors of outcome remain significant after endoscopic dilation.METHODS: Between September 1989 and September 2004, 39 consecutive patients with primary symptomatic achalasia (diagnosed by clinical presentation, esophagoscopy,barium esophagogram, and manometry) who received balloon dilation were followed up at regular intervals in person or by phone interview. Remission was assessed by a structured interview and a previous symptoms score.The median dysphagia-free duration was calculated by Kaplan-Meier analysis.RESULTS: Symptoms were dysphagia (n = 39, 100%),regurgitation (n =23, 58.7%), chest pain (n = 4, 10.2%),and weight loss (n = 26, 66.6%). A total of 74 dilations were performed in 39 patients; 13 patients (28%) underwent a single dilation, 17 patients (48.7%) required a second procedure within a median of 26.7 mo (range 5-97 mo), and 9 patients (23.3%) underwent a third procedure within a median of 47.8 mo (range 37-120 mo). Post-dilation lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressure, assessed in 35 patients, has decreased from a baseline of 35.8±10.4-10.0±7.1 mmHg after the procedure. The median follow-up period was 9.3 years (range 0.5-15 years). The dysphagiafree duration by Kaplan-Meier analysis was 78%, 61%and 58.3% after 5, 10 and 15 years respectively.CONCLUSION: Balloon dilation is a safe and effective treatment for primary achalasia. Post-dilation LES pressure estimation may be useful in assessing response. | Panagiotis Katsinelos Jannis Kountouras George Paroutoglou Athanasios Beltsis Christos Zavos Basilios Papaziogas Kostas Mimidis | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，36： | 7 |
| 7 | Combined endoscopic and ursodeoxycholic acid treatment of biliary cast syndrome in a non-transplant patient显示文摘A 76-year-old diabetic man underwent cholecystectomy for gangrenous calculous cholecystitis. His postoperative course was complicated by the development of Candida albicans esophagitis necessitating antifungal therapy, and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 15 d. Seven weeks after cholecystectomy, he presented with cholangitis. Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) demonstrated extrahepatic filling defects. Despite endoscopic extraction of a biliary cast, cholestasis remained unchanged. Oral administration of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), 750 mg/d, resulted in normalization of liver function tests. We, therefore, propose for the f irst time, combined endoscopic plus UDCA treatment for the management of biliary cast syndrome. | Panagiotis Katsinelos Jannis Kountouras Grigoris Chatzimavroudis Christos Zavos Ioannis Pilpilidis George Paroutoglou | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，33： | 7 |
| 8 | Helicobacter pylori,gastric microbiota and gastric cancer relationship:Unrolling the tangle显示文摘Helicobacter pylori infection(Hp-I)represents a typical microbial agent intervening in the complex mechanisms of gastric homeostasis by disturbing the balance between the host gastric microbiota and mucosa-related factors,leading to inflammatory changes,dysbiosis and eventually gastric cancer.The normal gastric microbiota shows diversity,with Proteobacteria[Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)belongs to this family],Firmicutes,Actinobacteria,Bacteroides and Fusobacteria being the most abundant phyla.Most studies indicate that H.pylori has inhibitory effects on the colonization of other bacteria,harboring a lower diversity of them in the stomach.When comparing the healthy with the diseased stomach,there is a change in the composition of the gastric microbiome with increasing abundance of H.pylori(where present)in the gastritis stage,while as the gastric carcinogenesis cascade progresses to gastric cancer,the oral and intestinal-type pathogenic microbial strains predominate.Hp-I creates a premalignant environment of atrophy and intestinal metaplasia and the subsequent alteration in gastric microbiota seems to play a crucial role in gastric tumorigenesis itself.Successful H.pylori eradication is suggested to restore gastric microbiota,at least in primary stages.It is more than clear that Hp-I,gastric microbiota and gastric cancer constitute a challenging tangle and the strong interaction between them makes it difficult to unroll.Future studies are considered of crucial importance to test the complex interaction on the modulation of the gastric microbiota by H.pylori as well as on the relationships between the gastric microbiota and gastric carcinogenesis. | Christos Liatsos Apostolis Papaefthymiou Nikolaos Kyriakos Michail Galanopoulos Michael Doulberis Marios Giakoumis Evangelia Petridou Christos Mavrogiannis Theodore Rokkas Jannis Kountouras | 2022 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2022，14，5： | 6 |
| 9 | Potential implications of Helicobacter pylori-related neutrophil-activating protein显示文摘Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) virulence factors promote the release of various chemoattractants/inflammatory mediators,including mainly the neutrophilattractant chemokine interleukin-8 and neutrophilactivating protein (NAP),involved in H.pylori-induced gastric pathologies.Co-administration of Chios mastic gum (CMG),which inhibits H.pylori NAP,with an H.pylori eradication regimen might add clinical benefits against H.pylori-related gastric pathologies,but possibly not CMG as main therapy.Although H.pylori NAP and other H.pylori-related cytotoxins [i.e.,vaculating cytotoxin (VacA)] appear to play a major role in generating and maintaining the H.pylori-associated gastric inflammatory response and H.pylori NAP is a promising vaccine candidate against H.pylori infection (H.pylori-I),concerns regarding its potential drawbacks,particularly neurogenic ones,due to possible crossmimicry,should be considered.Possible cross-mimicry between H.pylori NAP and/or bacterial aquaporin (AQP) and neural tissues may be associated with the anti-AQP-4 antibody-related neural damage in multiple sclerosis (MS)/neuromyelitis optica patients.Moreover,the sequence homology found between H.pylori VacA and human Na+/K+-ATPase A subunit suggests that antibodies to VacA involve ion channels in abaxonal Schwann cell plasmalemma resulting in demyelination in some patients.A series of factors have been implicated in inducing blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption,including inflammatory mediators (e.g.,cytokines and chemokines induced by H.pylori-I) and oxidative stress.BBB disruption permits access of AQP4-specific antibodies and T lymphocytes to the central nervous system,thereby playing a major role in multiple sclerosis pathogenesis.Relative studies show a strong association between H.pylori-I and MS.H.pylori-I induces humoral and cellular immune responses that,owing to the sharing of homologous epitopes (molecular mimicry),cross-react with components of nerves,thereby contributing and perpetuating neural tissue damage.Finally,H.pylori NAP also plays a possible pathogenetic role in both gastric and colon oncogenesis. | Jannis Kountouras Christos Zavos Georgia Deretzi Emmanuel Gavalas Dimitrios Chatzopoulos Panagiotis Katsinelos Elena Tsiaousi Stergios Gagalis Stergios A Polyzos Ioannis Venizelos | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，5： | 5 |
| 10 | Partially covered vs uncovered sphincterotome and postendoscopic sphincterotomy bleeding显示文摘AIM: To prospectively compare partially covered vs uncovered sphincterotome use on post-endoscopic biliary sphincterotomy (ES) hemorrhage and other complications. METHODS: All patients referred for therapeutic endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) were randomly assigned to undergo ES either with a partially covered or an uncovered sphincterotome. Both patient and technical risk factors contributing to the development of post-ES bleeding were recorded and analyzed. The characteristics of bleeding was recorded during and after ES. Other complications were also compared. RESULTS: Three-hundred and eighty-seven patients were recruited in this study; 194 patients underwent ES with a partially covered sphincterotome and 193 with conventional uncovered sphincterotome. No statistical difference was noted in the baseline characteristics and risk factors for post-ES induced hemorrhage between the 2 groups. No significant difference in the incidence and pattern of visible bleeding rates was found between the 2 groups (immediate bleeding in 24 patients with the partially covered sphincterotome vs 19 patients with the uncovered sphincterotome, P = 0.418). Delayed bleeding was observed in 2 patients with a partially covered sphincterotome and in 1 patient with an uncovered sphincterotome (P = 0.62). No statistical difference was noted in the rate of other complications. CONCLUSION: The partially covered sphincterotome was not associated with a lower frequency of bleeding. Also, there was no difference in the incidence of other significant complications between the 2 types of sphincterotome. | Panagiotis Katsinelos George Paroutoglou Jannis Kountouras Grigoris Chatzimavroudis Christos Zavos Sotiris Terzoudis Taxiarchis Katsinelos Kostas Fasoulas George Gelas George Tzovaras Ioannis Pilpilidis | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，40： | 5 |
| 11 | Cecal lipoma with pseudomalignant features: A case report and review of the literature显示文摘Colonic lipoma is a well-documented benign neoplasia, endoscopically appearing as a smooth round yellowish polyp with a thick stalk or broad-based attachment. We describe a 63-year old woman with persistent abdominal pain, in whom colonoscopy revealed a cecal mass with malignant features. Based on the colonoscopy findings, right hemicolectomy was laparoscopically performed for a presumptive diagnosis of a cecal adenocarcinoma, but histological examination revealed a colonic lipoma with overlying mucosal ulceration. | Panagiotis Katsinelos Grigoris Chatzimavroudis Christos Zavos Ioannis Pilpilidis Georgia Lazaraki Basilis Papaziogas George Paroutoglou Jannis Kountouras Dimitris Paikos | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，17： | 5 |
| 12 | Endoclipping treatment of life-threatening rectal bleeding after prostate biopsy显示文摘Rectal bleeding is frequently seen in patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound(TRUS)-guided multiple biopsy of the prostate,but is usually mild and stops spontaneously.We report what is believed to be the first case of life-threatening rectal bleeding following this procedure,which was successfully treated by endoscopic intervention through placement of three clips on the sites of bleeding.This case emphasizes endoscopic intervention associated with endoclipping as a safe and effective method to achieve hemostasis in massive rectal bleeding after prostate biopsy.Additionally,current data on the complications of the TRUS-guided multiple biopsy of the prostate and the options for treating fulminant rectal bleeding, a consequence of this procedure,are described. | Panagiotis Katsinelos Jannis Kountouras Georgios Dimitriadis Grigoris Chatzimavroudis Christos Zavos Ioannis Pilpilidis George Paroutoglou George Germanidis Kostas Mimidis | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，9： | 4 |
| 13 | Wireless capsule endoscopy in detecting small-intestinal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis显示文摘AIM:To detect the prevalence of small bowel polyps by wireless capsule endoscopy(WCE)in patients with familial adenomatous polyposis(FAP).METHODS:We examined prospectively 14 patients with FAP to assess the location,size and number of small-intestinal polyps.Patients'age,sex,years of observation after surgery,type of surgery,duodenal polyps and colorectal cancer at surgery were analyzed.RESULTS:During WCE,polyps were detected in 9/14(64.3%)patients.Duodenal adenomatous polyps were found in nine(64.3%)patients,and jejunal and ileal polyps in seven(50%)and eight(57.1%),respectively.The Spigelman stage of duodenal polyposis was associated with the presence of jejunal and ileal polyps.Identification of the ampulla of Vater was not achieved with WCE.Importantly,the findings of WCE had no immediate impact on the further clinical management of FAP patients.No procedure-related complications were observed in the patients.CONCLUSION:WCE is a promising noninvasive new method for the detection of small-intestinal polyps.Further investigation is required to determine which phenotype of FAP is needed for surveillance with WCE. | Panagiotis Katsinelos Jannis Kountouras Grigoris Chatzimavroudis Christos Zavos Ioannis Pilpilidis Kostas Fasoulas George Paroutoglou | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，48： | 3 |
| 14 | Involvement of JAK/STAT signaling in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘 | Mehmet Coskun Mohammad Salem Jannie Pedersen Ole Haagen Nielsen | 2013 | Pharmacological Research2013，，： | 3 |
| 15 | Serum total adiponectin in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘 | Stergios A. Polyzos Konstantinos A. Toulis Dimitrios G. Goulis Christos Zavos Jannis Kountouras | 2011 | Metabolism2011，，3： | 3 |
| 16 | A comparative study of 10-Fr vs. 7-Fr straight plastic stents in the treatment of postcholecystectomy bile leak显示文摘 | Panagiotis Katsinelos Jannis Kountouras George Paroutoglou Grigoris Chatzimavroudis George Germanidis Christos Zavos Ioannis Pilpilidis Dimitris Paikos Basilis Papaziogas | 2008 | Surgical Endoscopy2008，，1： | 3 |
| 17 | Prospective Validation of the “Fifty-Fifty” Criteria as an Early and Accurate Predictor of Death After Liver Resection in Intensive Care Unit Patients显示文摘 | Catherine Paugam-Burtz Sylvie Janny Didier Delefosse Souhayl Dahmani Federica Dondero Jean Mantz Jacques Belghiti | 2009 | Annals of Surgery2009，，1： | 3 |
| 18 | Ago2 facilitates Rad51 recruitment and DNA double-strand break repair by homologous recombination显示文摘DNA 双海滨裂缝(DSB ) 是高度细胞毒素的损害并且如果,形成主要威胁到染色体稳定性不适当地修理了。我们和其它以前证明了导致 DSB 的小 RNA (diRNAs ) 的一个班在 DSB 地点附近从序列被生产。DiRNAs 与 Argonaute 被联系(以前) 蛋白质和戏在 DSB 修理的一个重要角色,不过,他们通过行动的机制仍然保持不清楚。这里,我们报导在 DSB 修理的 diRNAs 的角色被限制由相应再结合(HR ) 修理并且它明确地在哺乳动物的房间依靠受动器蛋白质 Ago2。有趣地,我们证明 Ago2 与 Rad51 形成建筑群并且相互作用在与电离对待的房间被提高放射。我们证明在 DSB 地点和 HR 修理的 Rad51 累积取决于催化活动和 Ago2 的小 RNA 有约束力的能力。相反,象装载的 RPA 和 Mre11 一样的 DSB 切除术由 Ago2 或 Dicer 弄空是未受影响的,建议 Ago2 很多半在调停直接工作在 DSB 的 Rad51 累积。一起拿,我们的调查结果建议由 diRNAs 指导了那, Ago2 能在 DSB 支持 Rad51 招募或保留由 HR 便于修理。 | Min Gao Wei Wei Ming-Ming Li Yong-Sheng Wu Zhaoqing Ba Kang-Xuan Jin Miao-Miao Li You-Qi Liao Samir Adhikari Zechen Chong Ting Zhang Cai-Xia Guo Tie-shah Tang Bing-Tao Zhu Xing-Zhi Xu Niels Mailand Yun-Gui Yang Yijun Qi Jannie M Rendtlew Danielsen | 2014 | Cell Research2014，24，5： | 3 |
| 19 | Comment on “Effect of biofilm formation by clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori on the efflux-mediated resistance to commonly used antibiotics”显示文摘Attaran et al[1] have recently shown that decreased susceptibility of established Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) biofilms to specific antibiotics,was associated with the overtly enhanced transcription of two efflux pump genes,hp1165 and hef A,involved in specific resistance to tetracycline and multiple antibiotics,respectively. Apart from antibiotic exposure,secretion of multiple antimicrobial peptides,such as human β-defensins(hβDs),by the gastric epithelium upon Hp challenge,may act as early triggering events that positively impact biofilm formation and thus,antibiotic resistance. In this regard,we undertook genomic transcriptional studies using Hp 26695 strain following exposure to sublethal,similar to those present in the gastric niche,concentrations of hβDs in an attempt to provide preliminary data regarding possible mechanisms of immune evasion and selective sensitivity of Hp. Our preliminary results indicate that hβD exposure ignites a rapid response that is largely due to the activation of several,possibly interconnected transcriptional regulatory networks – origons-that ultimately coordinate cellular processes needed to maintain homeostasis and successful adaptation of the bacterium in the gastric environment. In addition,we have shown that both antibiotic and hβD resistance are mediated by dedicated periplasmic transporters,including the aforementioned efflux pump genes hp1165 and hef A,involved in active export of antibiotics from the cell membrane and/or,as recently suggested,substrate sensing and signalling. Furthermore,itappears that sublethal doses of hβDs may enhance biofilm formation by the sustained expression of,mainly,quorum sensing-related genes. In conclusion,we provide additional data regarding the role of specific innate immune molecules in antibiotic cross-resistance mechanisms that may deepen our understanding in the context of the development of novel eradication regimens. | Evangelos I Kazakos Nick Dorrell Stergios A Polyzos Georgia Deretzi Jannis Kountouras | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，33： | 3 |
| 20 | Metabolic regulation of immune responses to cancer显示文摘The tumor microenvironment is an ecosystem composed of multiple types of cells, such as tumor cells, immune cells, and cancerassociated fibroblasts. Cancer cells grow faster than non-cancerous cells and consume larger amounts of nutrients. The rapid growth characteristic of cancer cells fundamentally alters nutrient availability in the tumor microenvironment and results in reprogramming of immune cell metabolic pathways. Accumulating evidence suggests that cellular metabolism of nutrients, such as lipids and amino acids, beyond being essential to meet the bioenergetic and biosynthetic demands of immune cells, also regulates a broad spectrum of cellular signal transduction, and influences immune cell survival, differentiation, and anti-tumor effector function. The cancer immunometabolism research field is rapidly evolving, and exciting new discoveries are reported in high-profile journals nearly weekly. Therefore, all new findings in this field cannot be summarized within this short review. Instead, this review is intended to provide a brief introduction to this rapidly developing research field, with a focus on the metabolism of two classes of important nutrients-lipids and amino acids-in immune cells. We highlight recent research on the roles of lipids and amino acids in regulating the metabolic fitness and immunological functions of T cells, macrophages, and natural killer cells in the tumor microenvironment. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of “editing” metabolic pathways in immune cells to act synergistically with currently available immunotherapies in enhancing anti-tumor immune responses. | Jannis WiBfeld Anke Werner Xin Yan Nora ten Bosch Guoliang Cui | 2022 | Cancer Biology & Medicine2022，19，11： | 2 |
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