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| 1 | Predictive value of Ki67 and p53 in locally advanced rectal cancer:Correlation with thymidylate synthase and histopathological tumor regression after neoadjuvant 5-FU-based chemoradiotherapy显示文摘AIM: To investigate the predictive value of Ki67 and p53 and their correlation with thymidylate synthase (TS) gene expression in a rectal cancer patient cohort treated according to a standardized recommended neoadjuvant treatment regimen.METHODS: Formalin fixed, paraffin embedded pre-therapeutical tumor biopsies (n = 22) and post-therapeutical resection specimens (n = 40) from patients with rectal adenocarcinoma (clinical UICC stage Ⅱ/Ⅲ) receiving standardized neoadjuvant 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) based chemoradiotherapy were studied for Ki67 and p53 expression by immunohistochemistry and correlated with TS mRNA expression by quantitative TaqMan real-time PCR after laser microdissection. The results were compared with histopathological tumor regression according to a standardized semiquantitative score grading system.RESULTS: Responders (patients with high tumor regression) showed a significantly lower Ki67 expression than non-responders in the pre-therapeutical tumor biopsies (81.2% vs 16.7%; P < 0.05) as well as in the post-therapeutical resection specimens (75.8% vs 14.3%; P < 0.01). High TS mRNA expression was significantly correlated with a high Ki67 index and low TS mRNA expression was significantly correlated with a low Ki67 index in the pre-therapeutical tumor biopsies (corr. coef. = 0.46; P < 0.01) as well as in the post-therapeutical resection specimens (corr. coef. = 0.40; P < 0.05). No significant association was found between p53 and TS mRNA expression or tumor regression.CONCLUSION: Ki67 has, like TS, predictive value in rectal cancer patients after neoadjuvant 5-FU based chemoradiotherapy. The close correlation between Ki67 and TS indicates that TS is involved in active cell cycle processes. | Christiane Jakob Torsten Liersch Wolfdietrich Meyer Heinz Becker Gustavo B Baretton Daniela E Aust | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，7： | 29 |
| 2 | Tissue factor in predicted severe acute pancreatitis显示文摘AIM: To study tissue factor (TF) in acute pancreatitis and evaluate the role of TF as a predictive marker of severity. METHODS: Forty-nine consecutive patients admitted to Lund University Hospital, fulfilling the criteria of predicted severe acute pancreatitis (AP), were recruited prospectively between 2002 and 2004. Blood samples for TF analyses were drawn at inclusion in the study and 12 h, 1 d and 3 d later. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients developed mild AP, and 22 patients severe AP. At inclusion in the study, the groups were comparable with respect to gender, aetiology, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ score, and duration of pain. At inclusion in the study and at 12 h, TF was higher in the severe AP group (P = 0.035 and P = 0.049, respectively). After 1 and 3 d, no differences in TF levels were noted. Interleukin (IL)-6 was significantly higher in the severe AP group at all of the studied time points. C-reactive protein (CRP) was significantly higher in the AP group at 1 and 3 d. In receiver operating characteristic-curves, the area under the curve (AUC) for TF was 0.679 (P = 0.035) at inclusion in the study, and a cut off level for TF of 40 pg/mL showed a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 67%, whereas corresponding AUC for IL-6 was 0.775, P = 0.001, and for CRP was 0.653. IL-6 showed better AUC-values than TF at all time points studied. CONCLUSION: TF-levels are raised early in severe AP. TF as an early predictive marker of severe AP is superior to CRP, but inferior to IL-6. | Ellen Andersson Jakob Axelsson Gunilla Eckerwall Daniel Ansari Roland Andersson | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，48： | 26 |
| 3 | miR-20b, miR-98, miR-125b-1*, and let-7e* as new potential diagnostic biomarkers in ulcerative colitis显示文摘AIM:To use microarray-based miRNA profiling of colonic mucosal biopsies from patients with ulcerative colitis (UC), Crohn's disease (CD), and controls in order to identify new potential miRNA biomarkers in inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS:Colonic mucosal pinch biopsies from the descending part were obtained endoscopically from patients with active UC or CD, quiescent UC or CD, as well as healthy controls. Total RNA was isolated and miRNA expression assessed using the miRNA microarray Geniom Biochip miRNA Homo sapiens (Febit GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany). Data analysis was carried out by principal component analysis and projection to latent structure-discriminant analysis using the SIMCA-P+12 software package (Umetrics, Umea, Sweden). The microarray data were subsequently validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) performed on colonic tissue samples from active UC patients (n = 20), patients with quiescent UC (n = 19), and healthy controls (n = 20). The qPCR results were analyzed with Mann-WhitneyU test.In silico prediction analysis were performed to identify potential miRNA target genes and the predicted miRNA targets were then compared with all UC associated susceptibility genes reported in the literature. RESULTS:The colonic mucosal miRNA transcriptome differs significantly between UC and controls, UC and CD, as well as between UC patients with mucosal inflammation and those without. However, no clear differences in the transcriptome of patients with CD and controls were found. The miRNAs with the strongest differential power were identified (miR-20b, miR-99a, miR-203, miR-26b, and miR-98) and found to be upregulated more than a 10-fold in active UC as compared to quiescent UC, CD, and controls. Two miRNAs, miR-125b-1* and let-7e*, were up-regulated more than 5-fold in quiescent UC compared to active UC, CD, and controls. Four of the seven miRNAs (miR-20b, miR-98, miR-125b-1*, and let-7e*) were validated by qPCR and found to be specifically upregulated in patients with UC. Usingin silico analysis we found several predicted pro-inflammatory target genes involved in various pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase and cytokine signaling, which are both key signaling pathways in UC.CONCLUSION:The present study provides the first evidence that miR-20b, miR-98, miR-125b-1*, and let7e* are deregulated in patients with UC. The level of these miRNAs may serve as new potential biomarkers for this chronic disease. | Mehmet Coskun Jacob Tveiten Bjerrum Jakob Benedict Seidelin Jesper Thorvald Troelsen JΦrgen Olsen Ole Haagen Nielsen | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，27： | 19 |
| 4 | MicroRNAs in inflammatory bowel disease-pathogenesis,diagnostics and therapeutics显示文摘The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is complex and largely unknown. Until recently, research has focused on the study of protein regulators in inflammation to reveal the cellular and molecular networks in the pathogenesis of IBD. However, in the last few years, new and promising insights have been generated from studies describing an association between an altered expression of a specific class of non-coding RNAs, called microRNAs (miRs or miRNAs) and IBD. The short (approximately 22 nucleotides), endogenous, single-stranded RNAs are evolutionary conserved inanimals and plants, and regulate specific target mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level. MiRNAs are involved in several biological processes, including development, cell differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, it is estimated that miRNAs may be responsible for regulating the expression of nearly one-third of the genes in the human genome. Thus, miRNA deregulation often results in an impaired cellular function, and a disturbance of downstream gene regulation and signaling cascades, suggesting their implication in disease etiology. Despite the identification of more than 1900 mature human miRNAs, very little is known about their biological functions and functional targets. Recent studies have identified dysregulated miRNAs in tissue samples of IBD patients and have demonstrated similar differences in circulating miRNAs in the serum of IBD patients. Thus, there is great promise that miRNAs will aid in the early diagnosis of IBD, and in the development of personalized therapies. Here, we provide a short review of the current state-of-the-art of miRNAs in IBD pathogenesis, diagnostics and therapeutics. | Mehmet Coskun Jacob Tveiten Bjerrum Jakob Benedict Seidelin Ole Haagen Nielsen | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，34： | 18 |
| 5 | 奥斯特/GPS掩星与地面雷达联合观测电离层电子密度的初步结果显示文摘1999年2月丹麦发射了一颗奥斯特小卫星,它装载了两台GPS接收机,其中一台用于电离层和中性大气掩星测量,另一台用于自主定位。本文给出了1999年10月奥斯特/GPS掩星与日本MU雷达和数字测高仪的联合观测结果。奥斯特掩星反演得到的电子密度剖面与地面雷达观测的进行了比较,结果表明:天基和地基雷达观测的电子密度是一致的。文章还给出利用GPS的单频信号反演电离层电子密度剖面技术和3维射线追踪技术模拟掩星结果。 | 张训械 P.Hoeg G.B.Larsen Stig Syndergaard Martin B.S Jakob G.R S.Fukao Kiyoshi lgarashi Seiji Kawamura | 2000 | 全球定位系统2000，25，3： | 18 |
| 6 | 可再分散胶粉及憎水性添加剂在薄抹灰外墙外保温系统中的应用显示文摘以ELOTEX产品和国内当地的材料为基础,对添加不同可再分散胶粉及憎水剂的胶粘剂和抹面砂浆的粘结强度、系统抗冲击强度和吸水量的影响进行了试验,测试表明:在膨胀聚苯板薄抹灰外墙外保温系统的胶粘剂和抹面砂浆中添加2.5%~3%的VA/E可再分散胶粉可以获得优异的粘结强度和抗冲击强度;添加0.2%~0.3%SEAL80可获得良好的耐水粘结强度,并使系统获得可以满足JG149-2003标准要求的低吸水量(≤500g/m2)。并根据聚合物膜应力—应变曲线和抹面砂浆—聚苯板界面区微结构的研究结果,对聚合物改性砂浆的作用机理进行了分析。 | 史淑兰 JAKOB WOLFISBERG 夏晔煦 | 2004 | 新型建筑材料2004，31，3： | 18 |
| 7 | Two-dimensional MXenes for lithium-sulfur batteries显示文摘Rechargeable lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries have attracted significant research attention due to their high capacity and energy density.However,their commercial applications are still hindered by challenges such as the shuttle effect of soluble lithium sulfide species,the insulating nature of sulfur,and the fast capacity decay of the electrodes.Various efforts are devoted to address these problems through questing more conductive hosts with abundant polysulfide chemisorption sites,as well as modifying the separators to physically/chemically retard the polysulfides migration.Two dimensional transition metal carbides,carbonitrides and nitrides,so-called MXenes,are ideal for confining the polysulfides shuttling effects due to their high conductivity,layered structure as well as rich surface terminations.As such,MXenes have thus been widely studied in Li-S batteries,focusing on the conductive sulfur hosts,polysulfides interfaces,and separators.Therefore,in this review,we summarize the significant progresses regarding the design of multifunctional MXene-based Li-S batteries and discuss the solutions for improving electrochemical performances in detail.In addition,challenges and perspectives of MXenes for Li-S batteries are also outlined. | Chuanfang(John)Zhang Linfan Cui Sina Abdolhosseinzadeh Jakob Heier | 2020 | InfoMat2020，2，4： | 16 |
| 8 | Colorectal carcinogenesis-update and perspectives显示文摘Colorectal cancer(CRC)is a very common malignancy in the Western World and despite advances in surgery,chemotherapy and screening,it is still the second leading cause of cancer deaths in this part of the world.Numerous factors are found important in the development of CRC including colonocyte metbolism,high risk luminal environment,inflammation,as well as lifestyle factors such as diet,tobacco,and alchohol consumption.In recent years focus has turned towards the genetics and molecular biology of CRC and several interesting and promising correlations and pathways have been discovered.The major genetic pathways of CRC are the Chromosome Instability Pathway representing the pathway of sporadic CRC through the K-ras,APC,and P53 mutations,and the Microsatellite Instability Pathway representing the pathway of he re di t ar y non-polyposis c olon c anc e r t hrough mutations in mismatch repair genes.To identify early cancers,screening programs have been initiated,and the leading strategy has been the use of faecal occult blood testing followed by colonoscopy in positive cases.Regarding the treatment of colorectal cancer,significant advances have been made in the recent decade.The molecular targets of CRC include at least two important cell surface receptors:the epidermal growth factorreceptor and the vascular endothelial growth factor receptor.The genetic and molecular knowledge of CRC has widen the scientific and clinical perspectives of diagnosing and treatment.However,despite significant advances in the understanding and treatment of CRC,results from targeted therapy are still not convincing.Future studies will determine the role for this new treatment modality. | Hans Raskov Hans-Christian Pommergaard Jakob Burcharth Jacob Rosenberg | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，48： | 10 |
| 9 | 用于干拌砂浆产品的添加剂和可再分散聚合物粉末的作用显示文摘 | Jakob Wolfisberg 张量 | 2005 | 广东建材2005，28，4： | 10 |
| 10 | Postoperative pancreatic fistula: An international study group (ISGPF) definition显示文摘 | Claudio Bassi Christos Dervenis Giovanni Butturini Abe Fingerhut Charles Yeo Jakob Izbicki John Neoptolemos Michael Sarr William Traverso Marcus Buchler | 2005 | Surgery2005，，1： | 9 |
| 11 | Identification of CD13,CD107a,and CD164 as novel basophil-activation markers and dissection of two response patterns in time kinetics of IgE-de-pendent upregulation显示文摘Using two-colour flow cytometry >200 antibodies submitted to the 8th International Workshop of Human Leukocyte Differentiation Antigens (HLDA8) have been analyzed for their reactivity with resting and activated CD203c+ basophils. Four antibodies either non-reactive or weakly reactive with resting basophils exhibited an increased reactivity with basophils activated by anti-IgE-mediated cross-linking of the high affinity IgE receptor (FcεRI). These include antibod- ies against CD164 (WS-80160, clone N6B6 and WS-80162, clone 67D2), as well as two reagents with previously unknown specificities that were identified as CD13 (WS-80274, clone A8) and CD107a (WS-80280, clone E63-880). The activation patterns followed either the “CD203c-like” or “CD63-like” activation profile. The CD203c profile is characterized by a rapid and significant upregulation (of CD13, CD164, and CD203c), reaching maximum levels after 5- 15 min of stimulation. The phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)-specific inhibitor wortmannin inhibited the upregulation of these markers whereas 12-O-tetradecanoyl-phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) induced a rapid and FcεRI-independent upregulation within 1-2 min. In the CD63 profile, maximum upregulation (of CD63 and CD107a) was detected only after 20-40 min, and upregulation by TPA reached maximum levels after 60 min. In summary, our data identify CD13, CD107a, and CD164 as novel basophil-activation antigens. Based on time kinetics of upregulation, we hypothesize that molecules of the “CD203c group” and the “CD63 group” are linked to two different mechanisms of basophil activation. | Florian HENNERSDORF Stefan FLORIAN Andreas JAKOB Katharina BAUMGRTNER Karoline SONNECK Alfred NORDHEIM Tilo BIEDERMANN Peter VALENT Hans-Jrg BüHRING | 2005 | Cell Research2005，15，5： | 9 |
| 12 | Argon reduces microglial activation and inflammatory cytokine expression in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury显示文摘We previously found that argon exerts its neuroprotective effect in part by inhibition of the toll-like receptors(TLR)2 and 4.The downstream transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)are also affected by argon and may play a role in neuroprotection.It also has been demonstrated that argon treatment could mitigate brain damage,reduce excessive microglial activation,and subsequently attenuate brain inflammation.Despite intensive research,the further exact mechanism remains unclear.In this study,human neuroblastoma cells were damaged in vitro with rotenone over a period of 4 hours(to mimic cerebral ischemia and reperfusion damage),followed by a 2-hour post-conditioning with argon(75%).In a separate in vivo experiment,retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury was induced in rats by increasing intraocular pressure for 1 hour.Upon reperfusion,argon was administered by inhalation for 2 hours.Argon reduced the binding of the transcription factors signal transducer and activator of transcription 3,nuclear factor kappa B,activator protein 1,and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2,which are involved in regulation of neuronal damage.Flow cytometry analysis showed that argon downregulated the Fas ligand.Some transcription factors were regulated by toll-like receptors;therefore,their effects could be eliminated,at least in part,by the TLR2 and TLR4 inhibitor oxidized phospholipid 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine(OxPAPC).Argon treatment reduced microglial activation after retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.Subsequent quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed a reduction in the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin(IL-1α),IL-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factorα,and inducible nitric oxide synthase.Our results suggest that argon reduced the extent of inflammation in retinal neurons after ischemia/reperfusion injury by suppression of transcription factors crucial for microglial activation.Argon has no known side effects or narcotic properties;therefore,therapeutic use of this noble gas appears ideal for treatment of patients with neuronal damage in retinal ischemia/reperfusion injury.The animal experiments were approved by the Commission for Animal Care of the University of Freiburg(approval No.35-9185.81/G14-122)on October 19,2012. | Ulrich Goebel Stefanie Scheid Sashko Spassov Nils Schallner Jakob Wollborn Hartmut Buerkle Felix Ulbrich | 2021 | Neural Regeneration Research2021，16，1： | 8 |
| 13 | Systematic review of the prevalence and development of osteoporosis or low bone mineral density and its risk factors in patients with inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘BACKGROUND The inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD),Crohn’s disease(CD)and ulcerative colitis(UC)are chronic,immune-mediated disorders of the digestive tract.IBD is considered to be a risk factor for developing osteoporosis;however current literature on this matter is inconsistent.AIM To assess prevalence and development of osteoporosis and low bone mineral density(BMD),and its risk factors,in IBD patients.METHODS Systematic review of population-based studies.Studies were identified by electronic(January 2018)and manual searches(May 2018).Databases searched included EMBASE and PubMed and abstracts from 2014-2018 presented at the United European Gastroenterology Week,the European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation congress,and Digestive Disease Week were screened.Studies were eligible for inclusion if they investigated either the prevalence of osteoporosis or osteopenia and/or risk factors for osteoporosis or low BMD in IBD patients.Studies on children under the age of 18 were excluded.Only population-based studies were included.All risk factors for osteoporosis and low BMD investigated in any included article were considered.Study quality and the possibility of bias were analysed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.RESULTS Twelve studies including 3661 IBD patients and 12789 healthy controls were included.Prevalence of osteoporosis varied between 4%-9%in studies including both CD and UC patients;2%-9% in studies including UC patients, and 7%-15% instudies including CD patients. Among healthy controls, prevalence ofosteoporosis was 3% and 10% in two studies. CD diagnosis, lower body massindex (BMI), and lower body weight were risk factors associated withosteoporosis or low BMD. Findings regarding gender showed inconsistent results.CD patients had an increased risk for osteoporosis or low BMD over time, whileUC patients did not. Increased age was associated with decreased BMD, and therewas a positive association between weight and BMI and BMD over time. Greatheterogeneity was found in the included studies in terms of study methodologies,definitions and the assessment of osteoporosis, and only a small number ofpopulation-based studies was available.CONCLUSIONThis systematic review found a possible increase of prevalence of osteoporosis inCD cohorts when compared to UC and cohorts including both disease types.Lower weight and lower BMI were predictors of osteoporosis or low BMD in IBDpatients. The results varied considerably between studies. | Sofia Kärnsund Bobby Lo Flemming Bendtsen Jakob Holm Johan Burisch | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，35： | 8 |
| 14 | Malignant solitary fibrous tumor involving the liver显示文摘Solitary fibrous tumors are predominantly benign and are most commonly found in the thoracic cavity and pleura; while reports exist in the literature of malignant solitary fibrous tumors and those located in extrathoracic organs, these cases are considered extremely rare. Herein, a case is reported of a malignant solitary fibrous tumor involving the liver that was diagnosed and treated in a 62-year-old woman. The patient presented with complaints of upper abdominal pain and unintentional weight loss. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed a remarkably large mass, measuring 15 cm × 10 cm × 20 cm, which appeared to be unrelated to any particular organ. The intraoperative finding of a wide communication with the left liver suggested hepatic origin, and served as an indicator for tumor resection via left hemihepatectomy. The diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor and its malignant nature was confirmed by histological and immunohistochemical examination of the resected tissues. Hepatic solitary fibrous tumor is very rare, and surgery remains the mainstay of treatment. Due to limited reports of such tumors in the literature, little can be said about the benefit of adjuvant therapy and prognosis for the rare cases with malignant histological findings. | Manuel Jakob Matthias Schneider Ingo Hoeller Urban Laffer Reto Kaderli | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，21： | 7 |
| 15 | Postoperative pancreatic fistula: An international study group (ISGPF) definition显示文摘 | Claudio Bassi Christos Dervenis Giovanni Butturini Abe Fingerhut Charles Yeo Jakob Izbicki John Neoptolemos Michael Sarr William Traverso Marcus Buchler | 2005 | Surgery2005，，1： | 6 |
| 16 | 天然色素染料敏化太阳能电池的制备显示文摘通过萃取西藏林芝核桃果皮、江孜沙棘果实以及拉萨紫草根部的天然色素,分析研究了西藏天然色素光吸收性能;利用以上3种天然色素以及它们的混合色素,研制了染料敏化太阳能电池。结果表明,核桃与紫草的混合色素(TiO2薄膜多层)DSSC电池效率最高,达到8.2%。 | 诺桑 措加旺姆 次仁 罗布 卓嘎 次仁央金 Ladislav Kocbach Jakob Stamnes | 2013 | 材料导报(纳米与新材料专辑)2013，27，2： | 6 |
| 17 | Oxygen radical formation does not have an impact in the treatment of severe acute experimental pancreatitis using free cellular hemoglobin显示文摘瞄准:Microcirculatory 机能障碍和免费的氧激进分子是在严重尖锐胰腺炎的致病的重要因素。另外的氧交货可能每氧化提高类脂化合物,但是可以也改进胰腺的微循环。这研究在严重尖锐胰腺炎的一个啮齿类动物模型在氧激进分子和微循环的形成上估计免费细胞的牛的血红素的效果。方法:在尖锐胰腺炎 Wistar 老鼠的正式就职以后的十五分钟收到了任何一个 0.8 mL 牛的血红素(HBOC-200 ) , hydroxyethyl 淀粉(HES ) 或保证血量正常替换的生理盐水的 2.4 mL。在检查的 6 h 以后,胰每氧化产品 malondialdehyde (MDA ) 为类脂化合物的间接测量被切除并且很快处理了并且在胰腺的织物减少了谷胱甘肽(GSH ) 。结果:HBOC-200 的单个申请改进了胰腺的微循环并且显著地减少了组织病理学说的织物损坏。MDA 的织物集中没在这些组之间不同。另外,在 GSH 层次的差别都没被检测。结论:不过 HBOC-200 和 HES 的单个申请改进胰腺的微循环,在类脂化合物的没有差别每氧化,产品被检测。另外的氧供应(HBOC-200 ) 的有益的效果不每氧化导致提高的类脂化合物。 | Helge Kleinhans Oliver Mann Paulus G Schurr Jussuf T Kaifi Bente Hansen Jakob R Izbicki Tim Strate | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，18： | 6 |
| 18 | 血管紧张素Ⅱ2型受体的基因多态性(+1675G/A)对已接受治疗高血压患者的左心室肥大和左心室构型的作用显示文摘已有报道显示血管紧张素Ⅱ2型受体的基因多态性(AGTR2+1675G/A)与左心室肥大(left ventric-ular hypertrophy,LVH)相关。研究者检验这种基因多态性是否影响已按高血压治疗指南治疗的原发性高血压和心血管疾病患者的LVH和左心室构型参数。 | 张玲玉 叶鹏 Huber M V ller H Jakob S Reibis R Do V Bol-brinker J Zergibel I Schmieder RE Treszl A Wegscheider K Kreutz R | 2010 | 中华高血压杂志2010，18，12： | 6 |
| 19 | Pain and chronic pancreatitis: A complex interplay of multiple mechanisms显示文摘Despite multiple theories on the pathogenesis of pain in chronic pancreatitis,no uniform and consistently successful treatment strategy exists and abdominal pain still remains the dominating symptom for most patients and a major challenge for clinicians.Traditional theories focussed on a mechanical cause of pain related to anatomical changes and evidence of increased ductal and interstitial pressures.These observations form the basis for surgical and endoscopic drainage procedures,but the outcome is variable and often unsatisfactory.This underscores the fact that other factors must contribute to pathogenesis of pain,and has shifted the focus towards a more complex neurobiological understanding of pain generation.Amongst other explanations for pain,experimental and human studies have provided evidence that pain perception at the peripheral level and central pain processing of the nociceptive information is altered in patients with chronic pancreatitis,and resembles that seen in neuropathic and chronic pain disorders.However,pain due to e.g.,complications to the disease and adverse effects to treatment must not be overlooked as an additional source of pain.This review outlines the current theories on pain generation in chronic pancreatitis which is crucial in order to understand the complexity and limitations of current therapeutic approaches.Furthermore,it may also serve as an inspiration for further research and development of methods that can evaluate the relative contribution and interplay of different pain mechanisms in the individual patients,before they are subjected to more or less empirical treatment. | Jakob Lykke Poulsen Sφren Schou Olesen Lasse Paludan Malver Jens Brφndum Frφkjr Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，42： | 5 |
| 20 | 西藏高原太阳红斑紫外线的测量显示文摘文章阐述了实地测量和利用卫星数据,以及分析青藏高原太阳紫外线的部分结果。地面测量结果显示西藏城市和乡村2005-2006年晴天红斑紫外线日总量[J/m2]变化规律;2006年西藏城乡晴天紫外线A(UVA)和紫外线B(UVB)日总量对比。卫星数据分析结果显示整个青藏高原夏季太阳紫外线强度的空间分布规律,同时与周边地区的强度做了比较。测量和分析结果能为该地区的地面紫外线情况和人类健康等诸多方面提供量化的数据。 | 诺桑 普达瓦 达娃仓决 Jakob Stamnes | 2008 | 西藏大学学报(社会科学版)2008，23，6： | 5 |
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