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| 1 | Achalasia: A review of clinical diagnosis, epidemiology,treatment and outcomes显示文摘Achalasia is a neurodegenerative motility disorder of the oesophagus resulting in deranged oesophageal peristalsis and loss of lower oesophageal sphincter function.Historically,annual achalasia incidence rates were believed to be low,approximately 0.5-1.2 per 100000.More recent reports suggest that annual incidence rates have risen to 1.6 per 100000 in some populations.The aetiology of achalasia is still unclear but is likely to be multi-factorial.Suggested causes include environmental or viral exposures resulting in inflammation of the oesophageal myenteric plexus,which elicits an autoimmune response.Risk of achalasia may be elevated in a sub-group of genetically susceptible people.Improvement in the diagnosis of achalasia,through the introduction of high resolution manometry with pressure topography plotting,has resulted in the development of a novel classification system for achalasia.This classification system can evaluate patient prognosis and predict responsiveness to treatment.There is currently much debate over whether pneumatic dilatation is a superior method compared to the Heller’s myotomy procedure in the treatment of achalasia.A recent com-parative study found equal efficacy,suggesting that patient preference and local expertise should guide the choice.Although achalasia is a relatively rare condition,it carries a risk of complications,including aspiration pneumonia and oesophageal cancer.The risk of both squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus is believed to be significantly increased in patients with achalasia,however the absolute excess risk is small.Therefore,it is currently unknown whether a surveillance programme in achalasia patients would be effective or cost-effective. | Orla M O'Neill Brian T Johnston Helen G Coleman | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，35： | 26 |
| 2 | Clopidogrel with aspirin in High- risk patients with Acute Non- disabling Cerebrovascular Events II (CHANCE-2): rationale and design of a multicentre randomised trial显示文摘Background In patients with a minor ischaemic stroke or transient ischaemic attack(TIA),separate trials have shown that dual antiplatelet therapy with clopidogrel plus aspirin(clopidogrel-aspirin)or ticagrelor plus aspirin(ticagrelor-aspirin)are more effective than aspirin alone in stroke secondary prevention.However,these two sets of combination have not been directly compared.Since clopidogrel was less effective in stroke patients who were CYP2C19 loss-of function(LOF)allele carriers,whether ticagrelor-aspirin is clinically superior to clopidogrel-aspirin in this subgroup of patients with stroke is unclear.Aim To describe the rationale and design considerations of the Clopidogrel in High-risk patients with Acute Non-disabling Cerebrovascular Events(CHANCE-2)trial.Design CHANCE-2 is a randomised,double-blind,double-dummy,placebo-controlled,multicentre trial that compares two dual antiplatelet strategies for minor stroke or TIA patients who are CYP2C19 LOF allele carriers:ticagrelor(180 mg loading dose on day 1 followed by 90 mg twice daily on days 2-90)or clopidogrel(300 mg loading dose on day 1 followed by 75 mg daily on days 2-90),plus open-label aspirin with a dose of 75-300 mg on day 1 followed by 75 mg daily on day 2-21.All will be followed for 1 year.Study outcomes The primary efficacy outcome is any stroke(ischaemic or haemorrhagic)within 3 months and the primary safety outcome is any severe or moderate bleeding event within 3 months.Discussion The CHANCE-2 trial will evaluate whether ticagrelor-aspirin is superior to clopidogrel-aspirin for minor stroke or TIA patients who are CYP2C19 LOF allele carriers. | Yongjun Wang Claiborne Johnston Philip M Bath Xia Meng Jing Jing Xuewei Xie Anxin Wang Yuesong Pan Anding Xu Qiang Dong Yilong Wang Xingquan Zhao Zixiao Li Hao Li | 2021 | Stroke & Vascular Neurology2021，6，2： | 10 |
| 3 | Prediction of the severity of acute pancreatitis on admission by urinary trypsinogen activation peptide: A meta-analysis显示文摘AIM: To undertake a meta-analysis on the value of urinary trypsinogen activation peptide (uTAP) in predicting severity of acute pancreatitis on admission. METHODS: Major databases including Medline, Embase, Science Citation Index Expanded and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials in the Cochrane Library were searched to identify all relevant studies from January 1990 to January 2013. Pooled sensitivity, specificity and the diagnostic odds ratios (DORs) with 95%CI were calculated for each study and were compared to other systems/biomarkers if mentioned within the same study. Summary receiver-operating curves were conducted and the area under the curve (AUC) was evaluated. RESULTS: In total, six studies of uTAP with a cut-off value of 35 nmol/L were included in this meta-analysis. Overall, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of uTAP for predicting severity of acute pancreatitis, at time of admission, was 71% and 75%, respectively (AUC = 0.83, DOR = 8.67, 95%CI: 3.70-20.33). When uTAP was compared with plasma C-reactive protein, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, AUC and DOR were 0.64 vs 0.67, 0.77 vs 0.75, 0.82 vs 0.79 and 6.27 vs 6.32, respectively. Similarly, the pooled sensitivity, specificity, AUC and DOR of uTAPvs Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ within the first 48 h of admission were found to be 0.64 vs 0.69, 0.77 vs 0.61, 0.82 vs 0.73 and 6.27vs 4.61, respectively. CONCLUSION: uTAP has the potential to act as a stratification marker on admission for differentiating disease severity of acute pancreatitis. | Wei Huang Kiran Altaf Tao Jin Jun-Jie Xiong Li Wen Muhammad A Javed Marianne Johnstone Ping Xue Christopher M Halloran Qing Xia | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，28： | 7 |
| 4 | 减少农田硝酸盐淋溶的可能性显示文摘农业土壤对自然水体中的硝酸盐含量有影响。,从土壤中排出的高浓度的硝酸盐溶液关系到饮用水中硝酸盐的高浓度,同时,过量的硝酸盐还会改变河流、湖泊的生态平衡。本文对通过改善农业措施减少硝酸盐淋溶这个重大环境问题进行了讨论。对农业土地硝酸盐淋溶的原因做了简略的解释,对于减少硝酸盐淋溶的现有措施做了描述、分析和评价。减少养分淋溶不是实施有机农业或传统农业所能解决的问题,而是应该通过引进和使用适当的对策来加以解决。为此,本文提出了最大限度地降低农业土壤养分淋溶的下述指导性原则,在某种程度上实施这些指导性原则需要一种新的观念①在分析一个小流域内的养分淋溶时,应考虑到农田的环境指数和空间变异性对其的影响;②通过减少氮肥使用量和降低动物饲养密度,将土壤中的氮肥施用量降低到某一合理的水平,这一水平应稍低于土地预期最适产量的氮需求量;③依据不同地区耕作系统、土壤和气候对硝酸盐淋溶的敏感性,采取相应的对策来控制硝酸盐的淋溶,如作物间作、土地少耕或免耕、调节生物过程等。 | Holger Kirchmann A.E.Johnny Johnston Lars F.Bergstrm 张耀军 | 2002 | AMBIO-人类环境杂志2002，31，5： | 3 |
| 5 | Validation and refinement of scores to predict very early stroke risk after transient ischaemic attack显示文摘 | S Claiborne Johnston Peter M Rothwell Mai N Nguyen-Huynh Matthew F Giles Jacob S Elkins Allan L Bernstein Stephen Sidney | 2007 | 2007 (9558)2007，，9558： | 3 |
| 6 | 质子注入和快速退火对GaAs/AlGaAs量子阱红外探测器的影响显示文摘利用质子注入和快速退火技术改变GaAs/AlGaAs量子阱能级分布,使量子阱红外探测器的光电特性发生变化,在较大地移动了探测波长的同时,探测器的响应率、探测率以及暗电流特性也发生相应变化.在质子注入剂量为2.5×1015cm-2、快速退火条件为950℃、30s时,峰值探测波长移动2μm. | 李娜 陆卫 李宁 刘兴权 袁先漳 窦红飞 沈学础 FU Lan Tan H H C Jagadish M B Johnston M Gal | 2000 | 红外与毫米波学报2000，19，1： | 3 |
| 7 | Determination of quinolones and fluoroquinolones in fish tissue and seafood by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometric detection显示文摘 | Johnston L Mackay L Croft M | 2002 | J Chromatogra A2002，982，1： | 2 |
| 8 | 轻型缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作的早期双联抗血小板治疗显示文摘王拥军及同事探讨了应用双联抗血小板治疗预防卒中复发或短暂性脑缺血发作的最新证据。轻型缺血性卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA)患者在头几周内有较高的卒中及其他血管事件的复发风险(5%~11.7%严。双联抗血小板治疗,包括氯吡格雷和阿司匹林,是减少卒中复发的有效治疗策略Magic Group的专家小组(http://gffzz25d7f5dd9bdf4c9ehwf5v0ckwc55066uf.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/)最近在The BMJ中发表了一个强烈的快速推荐建议,即对于轻型缺血性卒中和TIA患者应在症状出现24小时内开始双联抗血小板治疗,并持续10~21天3。 | 王拥军 S. Claiborne Johnston Philip M Bath James C. Grotta 潘岳松 Pierre Amarenco 王伊龙 Tabassome Simon Jong Sung Kim Jiann-Shing Jeng 刘丽萍 林毅 Ka Sing Lawrence Wong David Wang 李昊 | 2019 | 英国医学杂志中文版2019，22，5： | 2 |
| 9 | Validation and refinement of scores to predict very early stroke risk after transient ischaemic attack显示文摘 | S Claiborne Johnston Peter M Rothwell Mai N Nguyen-Huynh Matthew F Giles Jacob S Elkins Allan L Bernstein Stephen Sidney | 2007 | The Lancet . 2007 (9558)2007，，9558： | 2 |
| 10 | Genetic immunization is a simple method for eliciting an immune response 显示文摘 | Tang DC DeVit M Johnston SA | 1992 | Nature1992，356，： | 2 |
| 11 | Left-sided Pancreatectomy: A Multicenter Comparison of Laparoscopic and Open Approaches显示文摘 | David A. Kooby Theresa Gillespie David Bentrem Attila Nakeeb Max c. Schmidt Nipun B. Merchant Alex A. Parikh Robert C. G. Martin Charles R. Scoggins Syed Ahmad Hong Jin Kim Jaemin Park Fabian Johnston Matthew J. Strouch Alex Menze Jennifer Rymer Rebecca M | 2008 | Annals of Surgery2008，，3： | 2 |
| 12 | Validation and refinement of scores to predict very early stroke risk after transient ischaemic attack显示文摘 | S Claiborne Johnston Peter M Rothwell Mai N Nguyen-Huynh Matthew F Giles Jacob S Elkins Allan L Bernstein Stephen Sidney | 2007 | The Lancet2007，，9558： | 2 |
| 13 | Adapting to unknown smoothness via wavelet shrinkage显示文摘 | Donoho D L Johnstone I M | 1995 | Journal of the American Statistical Assoc1995，90，432： | 1 |
| 14 | Adapting to Unknown Smoothness via Wavelet Shrinkage显示文摘 | Donoho D L Johnstone I M | 1995 | Journal of the American Statistical Association1995，90，432： | 1 |
| 15 | Adipose stromal cells and platelet-rich plasma therapies synergistically increase revascularization during wound healing显示文摘 | BLANTON M W HADAD I JOHNSTONE B H | 2009 | Plast Reconstr Surg2009，123，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Ideal spatial adaptation via wavelet shrinkage显示文摘 | Donoho D L Johnstone I M | 1994 | Biometrika1994，81，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Synergistic interaction between paclitaxel and 8-clloro-adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate in human ovavian carcinoma cell lines显示文摘 | Johnston P G | 1999 | Clin Cancer Res1999，5，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Multiple physiological functions for multidrug transporter P glycoprotein显示文摘 | Johnstone R W Ruefli A A Smyth M J | 2000 | Trends Biochem Sci2000，25，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Flow-based multiadsorbate ellipsometric porosimetry for the characterization of mesoporous Pt- TiO2 and Au-TiO2 nanocomposites显示文摘 | May R A Patel M N Johnston K P | 2009 | Langmuir2009，25，8： | 1 |
| 20 | Wavelet shrinkage: asymptotia显示文摘 | DONOHO D L JOHNSTONE I M | 1995 | Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series (B)1995，7，2： | 1 |
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