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| 1 | Hepatitis B and C virus-induced hepatitis: Apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response显示文摘AIM: To investigate the co-incidence of apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response(UPR) in hepatitis B(HBV) and C(HCV) infected hepatocytes.METHODS: We performed immunofluorescence confocal microscopy on 10 liver biopsies from HBV and HCV patients and tissue microarrays of HBV positive liver samples. We used specific antibodies for LC3β, cleaved caspase-3, BIP(GRP78), and XBP1 to detect autophagy, apoptosis and UPR, respectively. AntiHCV NS3 and anti-HBs antibodies were also used to confirm infection. We performed triple blind counting of events to determine the co-incidence of autophagy(LC3β punctuate), apoptosis(cleaved caspase-3), and unfolded protein response(GRP78) with HBV and HCV infection in hepatocytes. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software for Windows(Version 16 SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, United States). P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed with Mann-Whitney test to compare incidence rates for autophagy, apoptosis, and UPR in HBV- and HCV-infected cells and adjacent noninfected cells.RESULTS: Our results showed that infection of hepatocytes with either HBV and HCV induces significant increase(P < 0.001) in apoptosis(cleavage of caspase-3), autophagy(LC3β punctate), and UPR(increase in GRP78 expression) in the HCV- and HBVinfected cells, as compared to non-infected cells of the same biopsy sections. Our tissue microarray immunohistochemical expression analysis of LC3β in HBV^(Neg) and HBV^(Pos) revealed that majority of HBVinfected hepatocytes display strong positive stainingfor LC3β. Interestingly, although XBP splicing in HBVinfected cells was significantly higher(P < 0.05), our analyses show a slight increase of XBP splicing was in HCV-infected cells(P > 0.05). Furthermore, our evaluation of patients with HBV and HCV infection based on stage and grade of the liver diseases revealed no correlation between these pathological findings and induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR.CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that HCV and HBV infection activates apoptosis, autophagy and UPR, but slightly differently by each virus. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the interconnections between these pathways in relation to pathology of HCV and HBV in the liver tissue. | Behzad Yeganeh Adel Rezaei Moghadam Javad Alizadeh Emilia Wiechec Seyed Moayed Alavian Mohammad Hashemi Bita Geramizadeh Afshin Samali Kamran Bagheri Lankarani Martin Post Payam Peymani Kevin M Coombs Saeid Ghavami | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，47： | 13 |
| 2 | Object tracking: A survey显示文摘 | Yilmaz A Javad O Shah M | 2006 | ACM Computer Survey2006，38，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Probiotic yogurt improves antioxidant status in type 2 diabetic patients显示文摘 | HANIE S EJTAHED M JAVAD MN | 2012 | Nutrition2012，，28： | 1 |
| 4 | Total knee arthoplasty in pateents with a prior fracture of lhe tibial plateau显示文摘 | Nicholsa G Weiss M Javad F | 2003 | J Bone Joint Surg(Am)2003，85，5： | 1 |
| 5 | Social and envi- ronmental disclosure and corporate characteristics: a re- search note and extension 显示文摘 | GRAY R JAVAD M POWER D M | 2001 | Journal of Business Finance Accounting2001，28，34： | 1 |
| 6 | Total knee arthoplasty in patients with a prior fracture of the tibial plateau显示文摘 | Nicholas G Weiss M Javad F | 2003 | J Bone Joint Surg Am2003，85，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Quantized consensus by means of gossip algorithm 显示文摘 | JAVAD L RICHARD M M | 2012 | IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control2012，57，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Social and envi- ronmental disclosure and corporate characteristics: a re- search note and extension 显示文摘 | Gray R Javad M Power D M | 2001 | Journal of Business Fi- nance & Accounting2001，28，34： | 1 |
| 9 | The effect of hydrodynamic parameters on probability of bubble-particle collision and attachment显示文摘 | SHAHBAZI B REZAI B JAVAD KOLEINI S M | 2009 | Minerals Engineering2009，22，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Bubble-particle collision and attachment probability on fine particles flotation显示文摘 | SHAHBAZI B REZAI B JAVAD KOLEINI S M | 2010 | Chemical Engineering and Processing:Process Intensification2010，49，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Accurate Fault Location Algorithm for Series Compensated Transmission Lines显示文摘 | Javad Sadeh Hasjsaid N Ranjbar A M | 2000 | IEEE Trans on Power Delivery2000，15，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Social and Environmental Disclosure and Corporate Character- istics:A Research Note and Extension 显示文摘 | Gray R Javad M Power D M Sinclair C D | 2001 | JournM of Business Finance & Accounting2001，，28： | 1 |
| 13 | Preferred feed direction field: A new tool path generation method for efficient sculptured surface machi- ning 显示文摘 | H Kumazawa G Feng HY M Javad BF | 2015 | Computer - Aided Design2015，6768，： | 1 |
| 14 | Analytic solution for MHD rotating flow of a second grade fluid over a shriking surface显示文摘 | Hayat T Javad T Sajid M | 2008 | Physics Letters A2008，372，18： | 1 |
| 15 | Visfatin genotype may modify the insulin resistance and lipid profile in type 2diabetes patients显示文摘 | MIRZAEI K HOSSEIN NEZHAD A JAVAD HOSSEINZADEH ATTAR M | 2009 | Minerva Endocrinol2009，34，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Outlier detection in stream data by clustering method显示文摘 | Hossein M K Suhaimi I and Javad H | 2013 | International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Information Technology2013，2，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Ultrasonic assisted grinding of Ti6A14V alloy 显示文摘 | MOHSEN G N MOHAMMAD R M JAVAD A | 2012 | Annals of the CIRP2012，1，： | 1 |
| 18 | Changes in the gonial angle following bilateral sagittal split osteotomy and vertical ramus osteotomy for mandibular excess 显示文摘 | JAVAD Y KOUROSH T MOHAMMAD H K M | 2010 | Eplasty2010，10，： | 1 |
| 19 | Effect of some parameters of air-jet on pneumatic extraction of citrus juice and juice sacs 显示文摘 | Javad K Jafar M Gholam H M | 2008 | Journal of Food Engineering2008，88，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Total knee arthoplasty in patients with a prior fracture of the tibial plateau显示文摘 | Nicholas G Weiss M Javad F | 2003 | J Bone Joint Surg (Am)2003，85，5： | 1 |
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