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| 1 | Endoscopic pancreatic sphincterotomy:indications,outcome,and a safe stentless technique显示文摘Endoscopicpancreaticsphincterotomy:indications,outcome,andasafestentlesstechniquericElton,MD,DouglasA.Howel,MD,WilisG.Parsons... | Eric Elton, MD, Douglas A. Howell, MD, Willis G. Parsons, MD, Tahir Qaseem, MD, Brian L. Hanson, MDPortland, MaineDivision of Gastroenterology, Maine Medical Center, Portland, Maine | 1998 | World Journal of Gastroenterology1998，4，3： | 16 |
| 2 | 自体腘绳肌肌腱与新鲜冷冻同种异体胫前肌肌腱移植对前交叉韧带重建效果的影响显示文摘随着内固定装置和更加精确的隧道技术的发展,自体腘绳肌肌腱和同种异体胫前肌肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带(anterior cruciate ligament,ACL)开始普遍应用于关节外科。尽管自体组织移植具有很高的成功率,但一些外科医师还是倾向于采用同种异体移植物,以避免供区并发症;但同种异体移植物的有效性目前仍存在争议。本研究旨在通过前瞻性多中心随机对照实验研究,比较自体腘绳肌肌腱与新鲜冷冻同种异体胫前肌肌腱移植重建ACL在临床疗效和膝关节稳定性方面的差异。 | Lawhorn KW Howell SM Traina SM 沈洪园 黄华扬 | 2012 | 中国骨科临床与基础研究杂志2012，4，5： | 9 |
| 3 | Degenerative meniscus: Pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment options显示文摘The symptomatic degenerative meniscus continues to be a source of discomfort for a significant number of patients. With vascular penetration of less than onethird of the adult meniscus, healing potential in the setting of chronic degeneration remains low. Continued hoop and shear stresses upon the degenerative meniscus results in gross failure, often in the form of complex tears in the posterior horn and midbody. Patient history and physical examination are critical to determine the true source of pain, particularly with the significant incidence of simultaneous articular pathology. Joint line tenderness, a positive Mc Murray test, and mechanical catching or locking can be highly suggestive of a meniscal source of knee pain and dysfunction. Radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging are frequently utilized to examine for osteoarthritis and to verify the presence of meniscal tears, in addition to ruling out other sources of pain. Non-operative therapy focused on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and physical therapy may be able to provide pain relief as well as improve mechanical function of the knee joint. For patients re-fractory to conservative therapy, arthroscopic partial meniscectomy can provide short-term gains regarding pain relief, especially when combined with an effective, regular physiotherapy program. Patients with clear mechanical symptoms and meniscal pathology may benefit from arthroscopic partial meniscectomy, but surgery is not a guaranteed success, especially with concomitant articular pathology. Ultimately, the long-term outcomes of either treatment arm provide similar results for most patients. Further study is needed regarding the short and long-term outcomes regarding conservative and surgical therapy, with a particular focus on the economic impact of treatment as well. | Richard Howell Neil S Kumar Nimit Patel James Tom | 2014 | World Journal of Orthopedics2014，5，5： | 8 |
| 4 | 卒中治疗专业学术圆桌会议临床前推荐更新版显示文摘首份卒中治疗专业学术圆桌会议(Stroke Yherapy Academic Industry Roundtable,STAIR)推荐于1999年出版,旨在提高潜在的急性卒中治疗方法的临床前研究质量。虽然这些推荐意见被认为是合理的,但并未得到严格的遵循和验证。为了更好地向临床转化,有关候选急性卒中疗法的临床前试验的质量和广度已取得实质性进展。更新后的STAIR临床前推荐进一步强调了最初提出的建议,即通过适当的生理学监测在多种动物物种中采用组织学和功能结局来确定可重复的剂量反应和时间窗。更新后的STAIR推荐意见包括:高质量科学研究的基本原则应消除随机和评价偏倚,预先确定纳入和排除标准,计算合适的效能和样本量,并公开潜在的利益冲突。应在年轻的健康雄性动物中进行初步评价之后,在雌性、高龄动物和伴有合并症(如高血压、糖尿病和高胆固醇血症)的动物中做进一步研究。此外还要在动物实验中应用临床相关生物学标志物。尽管只有通过临床试验产生基于此的有效疗法之后才能证实该推荐意见的有效性,但遵循这些推荐有望提高成功的机会。 | Marc Fisher Giora Feuerstein David W. Howells Patricia D. Hum Thomas A. Kent Sean I. Savitz Eng H. Lo 吕志宿(译) 罗本燕(译) | 2009 | 国际脑血管病杂志2009，17，8： | 5 |
| 5 | 变革中的化学工程科学研究与高等教育──美国化工科学研究与高等教育调查报告显示文摘在人类进入21世纪之际,各国科学家和学者都在关注和思考未来科学与教育发展的方向和趋势。本文系英国皇家工程院院士、 Bath大学(Universityof Bath)化学工程系教授 John Howell 率团实地考察 20余所美国一流大学化工系的教育与科研状况之后提交的一个报告。本文将其摘要的重要内容译出献给大家,希望对我国的化学工程高等教育和科研有所启发。该报告名为Changing the Culture,希望看到原文的读者请访问此网址:http://gffzz8eb91cb156ac4a39h0vx0uww55q0x6pou.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/departments/chemeng. | 周加祥 王运东 刘铮 John Howell | 2000 | 化工进展2000，19，5： | 5 |
| 6 | Determination of synthetic lethal interactions in KRAS oncogene-dependent cancer cells reveals novel therapeutic targeting strategies显示文摘在地岬基因的 Oncogenic 变化在人的癌症是很普通的,导致有描绘得好的选择优点,而且不太听说得好的危险的房间。我们执行了一幅大规模 loss-of-function 屏幕识别被转变 KRAS 的结肠癌房间,然而并非由缺乏这 oncogene 的衍生物要求的基因。最高得分的基因然后在 KRAS 变异、野类型的癌症房间的一块更大的面板被测试。表示 oncogenic KRAS 的癌症房间被发现高度依赖于抄写因素 GATA2 和 DNA 复制开始管理者 CDC6。与已知的目标用许多药扩大这分析,我们发现有变异的 KRAS 的癌症房间与 topoisomerase 抑制显示出选择嗜好到 proteasome 功能,以及合成致命性。联合指向引起的这些功能改善了相对野类型的房间 KRAS 变异的房间杀死。这些观察建议新奇目标和在地岬变异的癌症为最佳的效果联合存在治疗的新方法,它传统地被看作对治疗高度倔强。 | Michael Steckel Miriam Molina-Arcas Britta Weigelt Michaela Marani Patricia H Warne Hanna Kuznetsov Gavin Kelly Becky Saunders Michael Howell Julian Downward David C Hancock | 2012 | Cell Research2012，22，8： | 5 |
| 7 | Nonlinear Time Series Analysis Since 1990:Some Personal Reflections显示文摘Abstract I reflect upon the development of nonlinear time series analysis since 1990 by focusing on five majorareas of development. These areas include the interface between nonlinear time series analysis and chaos,thenonparametric/semiparametric approach,nonlinear state space modelling,financial time series and nonlinearmodelling of panels of time series. | Howel Tong | 2002 | Acta Mathematicae Applicatae Sinica2002，18，2： | 4 |
| 8 | 2018年5月28日中国吉林松原M5.7级地震引起的液化构造显示文摘2018年5月28日,吉林松原市宁江区毛都站镇牙木吐村发生M 5.7级地震(45°16'12″N,124°42'35″E),震源深度13 km,震中位于郯庐断裂带西北侧的扶余/松原—肇东断裂带、第二松花江断裂带和扶余北断裂带交汇处。地震诱发震中距3 km范围内普遍的液化和地表裂缝,给当地居民带来严重灾害。可见液化构造以砂火山为主,其次为液化砂堆、液化砂脉和液化砂席等。液化砂火山又可分为有火山口型砂火山、无火山口型砂火山和无砂型(水)火山。地震液化伴生软沉积物变形构造有变形层理、负载构造和火焰构造、滑塌褶皱、碟状构造和包卷层理等。地震诱发液化砂火山形成过程包括液化层内超孔隙流体压力形成、上覆低渗透层破裂和水、砂喷出地表后砂涌3个阶段。液化和流化砂体在上涌过程中会注入低渗透黏土层形成各种形态的砂脉、砂席和多种类型的变形构造。垂向上地震液化结构可划分为底部松散可液化层、下部液化变形层、上部液化变形层和地表砂火山4层结构。液化层埋深2~5 m,液化层厚度2 m。松原M 5.7级地震发震机制为NE-SW(35°~215°)方向挤压应力使断层活跃,推测扶余/松原—肇东断裂是主要的发震断层。松原地震液化构造研究为现代地震活动区和灾害易发区预测提供依据,为地震引发的现代软沉积物变形构造研究提供丰富的素材,兼具将今论古意义,为揭示本世纪以来郯庐断裂带北段进入了一个强断裂和地震活跃阶段提供了最新的实际资料。 | 邵珠福 刘泽璇 钟建华 John Howell 栾锡武 冉伟民 刘晶晶 张文鑫 赵冰 | 2020 | 古地理学报2020，22，1： | 4 |
| 9 | FK506对实验性卒中疗效的系统评价和Meta分析显示文摘FK506是治疗急性卒中的一种候选用药。决定一种药物是否可以用于临床试验,应当以全面的、无偏倚的动物实验数据的评估为依据,同时还应考虑到这些数据的局限性。这种评估不但应包括药物疗效,而且也应包括药效在体内的特征和局限性。本研究应用系统评价和Meta分析的方法对FK506在卒中动物模型中保护作用的证据进行评价。总共纳入了29个描述了实验步骤的研究,包括1759只动物。结果显示,FK506疗效的点估计值(结局指标的改善)是31.3%[95%CI(0.272-0.354)]。在采用氯胺酮麻醉和短暂性脑缺血的动物实验中,FK506的疗效更高,在使用大鼠,合并其他疾病的动物及仅以梗死面积为疗效指标的实验中,FK506疗效较低。已发表的实验研究质量均接近临床试验标准,但在高质量的研究中,FK506的疗效较低。FK506在实验性脑卒中的研究中,虽然显示出有明显的疗效,但是应注意由于研究质量和可能的发表偏倚等冈素的影响,FK506的疗效可能被过高估计。 | Malcolm R Macleod Tori O’Collins Laura L Horky David W Howells Geoffrey A Donnan 段建钢 | 2006 | 中国循证医学杂志2006，6，6： | 3 |
| 10 | Advanced Irrigation Engineering: Precision and Precise显示文摘 | Terry A. Howell Steven R. EveR Susan A. O' Shaughnessy Paul D. Colaizzi Prasanna H. Gowda | 2012 | Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A)2012，2，1： | 3 |
| 11 | 基于罗伊适应模式的护理干预对心力衰竭患者适应的促进作用显示文摘目的探讨基于罗伊适应模式的护理干预措施对促进心力衰竭患者适应的作用。方法2018年3月至2019年11月,在杭州市一所有多个院区的医院开展类实验研究。采用方便抽样纳入112例心力衰竭患者,按照所在院区分为干预组55例、对照组57例。干预组实施基于罗伊适应模式的个性化护理照护计划,对照组接受常规患者教育并在出院前发放家庭照护手册。采用心脏超声检查、明尼苏达心力衰竭量表(MinnesotaLiving with Heart Failure Questionnaire,MLHFQ)、知识问卷、心力衰竭自我护理量表(Self-care Heart FailureIndex,SCHFI)和应对适应过程量表(Adaptation Processing Scale-Short Form,CAPS-SF)评价患者基线水平和出院6个月时生理功能、自我概念、角色功能和互相依赖方面的适应情况。结果共有91例心力衰竭患者完成此项研究,其中,干预组43例,对照组48例。干预组完成了60%以上的干预内容。随访6个月,干预组患者适应性行为良好,各项指标得分高于对照组:MLHFQ(70.90+22.45 vs.54.78±18.04)、心力衰竭知识(13.79土2.45vs.10.73主4.28),SCHFI维持维度(57.67±13.22 vs.50.35±10.88),CAPS-SF(40.23+4.36 vs.38.27+2.60),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组左室射血分数、SCHFI管理维度和SCHFI信心维度得分差异没有统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论研究结果提示心力衰竭患者存在积极适应,基于罗伊适应模式形成的理论框架能有效应用于心力衰竭患者护理的临床实践。基于该理论的个性化护理方案能促进心力衰竭患者的适应行为。 | 王喜益 汤磊雯 Doris Howell 张琪 邱若琳 张慧 叶志弘 | 2020 | International Journal of Nursing Sciences2020，7，4： | 3 |
| 12 | Effect of mulch, irrigation, and soil type on water use and yield of maize显示文摘 | J.A Tolk T.A Howell S.R Evett | 1999 | Soil & Tillage Research1999，，2： | 3 |
| 13 | Supplement to the published paper'Theory-guided interventions for Chinese patients to adapt to heart failure:A quasi-experimental study'显示文摘We appreciate the question raised in a discussion with a reader and the editor about an instrument for outcome measure of the quality of life among people with chronic heart failure[1].We recognized that we should have described more details about how to convert the score of the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire(MLHFQ).Lack of scoring details might lead to some confusion to understand the results of this study.We thank the International Journal of Nursing Sciences for the opportunity to provide further information to clarify the process of data analysis and research findings. | Xiyi Wang Leiwen Tang Doris Howell Qi Zhang Ruolin Qiu Hui Zhang Zhihong Ye | 2021 | International Journal of Nursing Sciences2021，8，2： | 3 |
| 14 | 砂岩侵入体及其油气地质意义显示文摘北美加利福尼亚地区良好的露头和北海油田的成功勘探与开发为砂岩侵入体研究提供了范例。砂岩侵入体广泛发育于晚元古代—全新世的多种沉积体系中,以深水环境居多。侵入体岩性以浊积体的中砂岩—细砂岩最为常见,宿主层以泥岩、页岩为主。侵入体系统包括供源砂体、侵入(出)体、宿主层和断裂体系4个构成要素和砂岩脉、砂岩床、砂岩柱、侵出体和复合体5种类型。侵入体外部呈碟状—翼状结构、锥形结构和顶梁复合结构3种类型,侵入体顶部发育丘型变形,内部块状或类层理状,常见侵蚀边、泥岩撕裂屑和各种软变形构造,呈拼图状。侵入体形成条件包括未固结供源砂体、低渗透—非渗透覆盖层、孔隙流体超压和砂体优势通道4部分,地震液化、差异压实、沉积负载、区域构造应力、流体流动是最常见的触发机制。侵入体形成过程包括孔隙流体超压、供源砂体液化、水力压裂与流化、砂体充注和砂体再沉积5个过程。侵入体增加了储层体积,沟通了砂体,可形成侵入型圈闭,还可用于恢复区域古应力场,但也可能导致盖层封闭性破坏和水窜。侵入时间确定、侵入后地质过程以及触发机制确定性等研究面临挑战,多学科交叉、虚拟露头、物理模拟及数值模拟技术将是砂岩侵入体研究未来的发展方向。 | 邵珠福 张文鑫 毛毳 栾锡武 钟建华 John Howell 刘泽璇 赵冰 冉伟民 刘晶晶 | 2021 | 石油学报2021，42，3： | 3 |
| 15 | Intestinal schistosomiasis in Uganda at high altitude(>1400 m):malacological and epidemiological surveys on Mount Elgon and in Fort Portal crater lakes reveal extra preventive chemotherapy needs显示文摘Background:Intestinal schistosomiasis is of public health importance in Uganda but communities living above 1400 m are not targeted for control as natural transmission is thought unlikely.To assess altitudinal boundaries and at-risk populations,conjoint malacological and epidemiological surveys were undertaken on Mount Elgon(1139 m-3937 m),in Fort Portal crater lakes and in the Rwenzori Mountains(1123 m-4050 m).Methods:Seventy freshwater habitats[Mount Elgon(37),Fort Portal crater lakes(23),Rwenzori Mountains(8)and Lake Albert(2)]were inspected for Biomphalaria species.Water temperature,pH and conductivity were recorded.A parasitological examination of 756 schoolchildren[Mount Elgon(300),Fort Portal crater lakes(456)]by faecal microscopy of duplicate Kato-Katz smears from two consecutive stool samples was bolstered by antigen(urine-CCA dipstick)and antibody(SEA-ELISA)diagnostic assays.Results:Biomphalaria spp.was found up to 1951 m on Mount Elgon and 1567 m in the Fort Portal crater lakes.Although no snail from Mount Elgon shed cercariae,molecular analysis judged 7.1%of snails sampled at altitudes above 1400 m as having DNA of Schistosoma mansoni;in Fort Portal crater lakes three snails shed schistosome cercariae.Prevalence of intestinal schistosomiasis as measured in schoolchildren by Kato-Katz(Mount Elgon=5.3%v.Fort Portal crater lakes=10.7%),CCA urine-dipsticks(18.3%v.34.4%)and SEA-ELISA(42.3%v.63.7%)showed negative associations with increasing altitude with some evidence of infection up to 2000 m.Conclusions:Contrary to expectations,these surveys clearly show that natural transmission of intestinal schistosomiasis occurs above 1400 m,possibly extending up to 2000 m.Using spatial epidemiological predictions,this now places some extra six million people at-risk,denoting an expansion of preventive chemotherapy needs in Uganda. | Michelle CStanton Moses Adriko Moses Arinaitwe Alison Howell Juliet Davies Gillian Allison EJames LaCourse Edridah Muheki Narcis BKabatereine J.Russell Stothard | 2017 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2017，6，1： | 3 |
| 16 | Public and private enforcement of securities laws: Resource-based evidence显示文摘 | Howell E. Jackson Mark J. Roe | 2009 | Journal of Financial Economics2009，，2： | 2 |
| 17 | On the nomenclature, classification, and abstractions of compliant mechanisms显示文摘 | MIDHA A NORTON T W HOWELL L L | 1994 | ASME J of Mechanical Design1994，116，1： | 2 |
| 18 | Do medical students studying in the United Kingdom have an adequate factual knowledge of basic life support?显示文摘BACKGROUND: Healthcare professionals have a duty to maintain basic life support(BLS) skills. This study aims to evaluate medical students' factual knowledge of BLS and the training they receive.METHODS: A cross-sectional, closed-response questionnaire was distributed to the fi rst-and fourth-year students studying at institutions in the United Kingdom. The paper questionnaire sought to quantify respondent's previous BLS training, factual knowledge of the BLS algorithm using five multiple choice questions(MCQs), and valuate their desire for further BLS training. Students received 1 point for each correctly identifi ed answer to the 5 MCQ's.RESULTS: A total of 3,732 complete responses were received from 21 medical schools. Eighty percent(n=2,999) of students completed a BLS course as part of their undergraduate medical studies. There was a signifi cant difference(P<0.001) in the percentage of the fourth-year students selecting the correct answer in all the MCQ's compared to the fi rst-year students except in identifyingthe correct depth of compressions required during CPR(P=0.095). Overall 10.3%(95% CI 9.9% to 10.7%) of respondents correctly identified the answer to 5 MCQ's on BLS: 9% of the first-year students(n=194) and 12% of the fourth-year students(n=190). On an institutional level the proportion of students answering all MCQ's correctly ranged from 2% to 54% at different universities. Eighty-one percent of students(n=3,031) wished for more BLS training in their curriculum.CONCLUSION: Factual knowledge of BLS is poor among medical students in the UK. There is a disparity in standards of knowledge across institutions and respondents indicating that they would like more training. | Robert D.Willmore Damjan Veljanoski Feray Ozdes Bethan Stephens James Mooney Seamus G.Crumley Arpan Doshi Philippa Davies Shreya Badhrinarayanan Emily Day Kristian Tattam April Wilson Nathan Crang Lorna Green Craig A.Mounsey Howell Fu Joseph Williams Michelle S.D'souza Dhanya Sebastian Liam A.Mcgiveron Matthew G.Percy James Cohen Imogen J.John Alice Lethbridge Imogen Watkins Omar Amin Mubasher A.Qamar John Gerrard Hanrahan Emily Cramond-Wong | 2019 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2019，10，2： | 2 |
| 19 | Controlled silver-staining of nucleolus organizer regions with protective colloidal developer:1-step method显示文摘 | Howell W Black D | 1980 | Experientia1980，36，： | 2 |
| 20 | 绿茶提取物对乳清蛋白发泡特性、流变特性和热力学特性的影响显示文摘本文选用三种不同的绿茶提取物(CGT、NGT和UGT,分别来自中国、日本和肯尼亚),探讨绿茶提取物对乳清蛋白的发泡特性、流变特性和热力学特性的影响。研究结果表明:绿茶提取物可以显著提高乳清蛋白的发泡能力、发泡稳定性及胶体强度;绿茶提取物不影响乳清蛋白变性温度,但可以使其热焓值显著下降。研究结果暗示乳清蛋白与绿茶提取物中的一些主要组分发生了协同相互作用。 | 吴卫国 Mike Clifford Nazlin K Howell | 2006 | 食品科学2006，27，8： | 2 |
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