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| 1 | 变革中的化学工程科学研究与高等教育──美国化工科学研究与高等教育调查报告显示文摘在人类进入21世纪之际,各国科学家和学者都在关注和思考未来科学与教育发展的方向和趋势。本文系英国皇家工程院院士、 Bath大学(Universityof Bath)化学工程系教授 John Howell 率团实地考察 20余所美国一流大学化工系的教育与科研状况之后提交的一个报告。本文将其摘要的重要内容译出献给大家,希望对我国的化学工程高等教育和科研有所启发。该报告名为Changing the Culture,希望看到原文的读者请访问此网址:http://gffzz8eb91cb156ac4a39hxkfwo0fxuxfv6fkb.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/departments/chemeng. | 周加祥 王运东 刘铮 John Howell | 2000 | 化工进展2000，19，5： | 5 |
| 2 | 2018年5月28日中国吉林松原M5.7级地震引起的液化构造显示文摘2018年5月28日,吉林松原市宁江区毛都站镇牙木吐村发生M 5.7级地震(45°16'12″N,124°42'35″E),震源深度13 km,震中位于郯庐断裂带西北侧的扶余/松原—肇东断裂带、第二松花江断裂带和扶余北断裂带交汇处。地震诱发震中距3 km范围内普遍的液化和地表裂缝,给当地居民带来严重灾害。可见液化构造以砂火山为主,其次为液化砂堆、液化砂脉和液化砂席等。液化砂火山又可分为有火山口型砂火山、无火山口型砂火山和无砂型(水)火山。地震液化伴生软沉积物变形构造有变形层理、负载构造和火焰构造、滑塌褶皱、碟状构造和包卷层理等。地震诱发液化砂火山形成过程包括液化层内超孔隙流体压力形成、上覆低渗透层破裂和水、砂喷出地表后砂涌3个阶段。液化和流化砂体在上涌过程中会注入低渗透黏土层形成各种形态的砂脉、砂席和多种类型的变形构造。垂向上地震液化结构可划分为底部松散可液化层、下部液化变形层、上部液化变形层和地表砂火山4层结构。液化层埋深2~5 m,液化层厚度2 m。松原M 5.7级地震发震机制为NE-SW(35°~215°)方向挤压应力使断层活跃,推测扶余/松原—肇东断裂是主要的发震断层。松原地震液化构造研究为现代地震活动区和灾害易发区预测提供依据,为地震引发的现代软沉积物变形构造研究提供丰富的素材,兼具将今论古意义,为揭示本世纪以来郯庐断裂带北段进入了一个强断裂和地震活跃阶段提供了最新的实际资料。 | 邵珠福 刘泽璇 钟建华 John Howell 栾锡武 冉伟民 刘晶晶 张文鑫 赵冰 | 2020 | 古地理学报2020，22，1： | 4 |
| 3 | 砂岩侵入体及其油气地质意义显示文摘北美加利福尼亚地区良好的露头和北海油田的成功勘探与开发为砂岩侵入体研究提供了范例。砂岩侵入体广泛发育于晚元古代—全新世的多种沉积体系中,以深水环境居多。侵入体岩性以浊积体的中砂岩—细砂岩最为常见,宿主层以泥岩、页岩为主。侵入体系统包括供源砂体、侵入(出)体、宿主层和断裂体系4个构成要素和砂岩脉、砂岩床、砂岩柱、侵出体和复合体5种类型。侵入体外部呈碟状—翼状结构、锥形结构和顶梁复合结构3种类型,侵入体顶部发育丘型变形,内部块状或类层理状,常见侵蚀边、泥岩撕裂屑和各种软变形构造,呈拼图状。侵入体形成条件包括未固结供源砂体、低渗透—非渗透覆盖层、孔隙流体超压和砂体优势通道4部分,地震液化、差异压实、沉积负载、区域构造应力、流体流动是最常见的触发机制。侵入体形成过程包括孔隙流体超压、供源砂体液化、水力压裂与流化、砂体充注和砂体再沉积5个过程。侵入体增加了储层体积,沟通了砂体,可形成侵入型圈闭,还可用于恢复区域古应力场,但也可能导致盖层封闭性破坏和水窜。侵入时间确定、侵入后地质过程以及触发机制确定性等研究面临挑战,多学科交叉、虚拟露头、物理模拟及数值模拟技术将是砂岩侵入体研究未来的发展方向。 | 邵珠福 张文鑫 毛毳 栾锡武 钟建华 John Howell 刘泽璇 赵冰 冉伟民 刘晶晶 | 2021 | 石油学报2021，42，3： | 3 |
| 4 | Do medical students studying in the United Kingdom have an adequate factual knowledge of basic life support?显示文摘BACKGROUND: Healthcare professionals have a duty to maintain basic life support(BLS) skills. This study aims to evaluate medical students' factual knowledge of BLS and the training they receive.METHODS: A cross-sectional, closed-response questionnaire was distributed to the fi rst-and fourth-year students studying at institutions in the United Kingdom. The paper questionnaire sought to quantify respondent's previous BLS training, factual knowledge of the BLS algorithm using five multiple choice questions(MCQs), and valuate their desire for further BLS training. Students received 1 point for each correctly identifi ed answer to the 5 MCQ's.RESULTS: A total of 3,732 complete responses were received from 21 medical schools. Eighty percent(n=2,999) of students completed a BLS course as part of their undergraduate medical studies. There was a signifi cant difference(P<0.001) in the percentage of the fourth-year students selecting the correct answer in all the MCQ's compared to the fi rst-year students except in identifyingthe correct depth of compressions required during CPR(P=0.095). Overall 10.3%(95% CI 9.9% to 10.7%) of respondents correctly identified the answer to 5 MCQ's on BLS: 9% of the first-year students(n=194) and 12% of the fourth-year students(n=190). On an institutional level the proportion of students answering all MCQ's correctly ranged from 2% to 54% at different universities. Eighty-one percent of students(n=3,031) wished for more BLS training in their curriculum.CONCLUSION: Factual knowledge of BLS is poor among medical students in the UK. There is a disparity in standards of knowledge across institutions and respondents indicating that they would like more training. | Robert D.Willmore Damjan Veljanoski Feray Ozdes Bethan Stephens James Mooney Seamus G.Crumley Arpan Doshi Philippa Davies Shreya Badhrinarayanan Emily Day Kristian Tattam April Wilson Nathan Crang Lorna Green Craig A.Mounsey Howell Fu Joseph Williams Michelle S.D'souza Dhanya Sebastian Liam A.Mcgiveron Matthew G.Percy James Cohen Imogen J.John Alice Lethbridge Imogen Watkins Omar Amin Mubasher A.Qamar John Gerrard Hanrahan Emily Cramond-Wong | 2019 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2019，10，2： | 2 |
| 5 | Large-diameter biliary orifice balloon dilation to aid in endoscopic bile duct stone removal: a multicenter series显示文摘 | Siriboon Attasaranya Young Koog Cheon Harsha Vittal Douglas A. Howell Donald E. Wakelin John T. Cunningham Niraj Ajmere Ronald W. Ste Marie Kanishka Bhattacharya Kapil Gupta Martin L. Freeman Stuart Sherman Lee McHenry James L. Watkins Evan L. Fogel Suzet | 2008 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2008，，7： | 2 |
| 6 | Isolation of Whole-plant Multiple Oscillations via Non-negative Spectral Decompositio显示文摘Constrained spectral non-negative matrix factorization(NMF)analysis of perturbed oscillatory process control loop variable data is performed for the isolation of multiple plant-wide oscillatory sources.The technique is described and demonstrated by analyzing data from both simulated and real plant data of a chemical process plant. Results show that the proposed approach can map multiple oscillatory sources onto the most appropriate control loops,and has superior performance in terms of reconstruction accuracy and intuitive understanding compared with spectral independent component analysis(ICA). | 夏春明 郑建荣 John Howell | 2007 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2007，15，3： | 2 |
| 7 | Measurement of Ocean Wave Spectrum Using a Ship-Mounted HF Radar显示文摘 | John Walsh | 1993 | IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering1993，18，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Future of membranes and membrane reactors in green technologies and for water reuse 显示文摘 | John Howell A | 2004 | Desalination2004，162，： | 1 |
| 9 | Errors associated with light-pipe radiation thermometer temperature measurements 显示文摘 | Qu Yan Puttitwong Ekachai Howell John R | 2007 | IEEE Transactions on Semiconductor Manufacturingm2007，20，1： | 1 |
| 10 | On the meaning and measurement of religiosity in consumer research显示文摘 | Robert E. Wilkes John J. Burnett Roy D. Howell | 1986 | Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science1986，，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Discharge Behaviour of Single Motor Units during Maximal Voluntary Contractions of a Human Toe Extensor显示文摘 | VAUGHAN G MACEFIELD ANDREW J FUGLEVAND JOHN N HOWELL | 2000 | J Physiol (Lond)2000，528，： | 1 |
| 12 | Sub - critical flux operation of microtlltration 显示文摘 | John A Howell | 1995 | Journal of Membrane Science1995，107，： | 1 |
| 13 | Absence of proteinase-activated receptor-1 signaling affords protection from bleomycin-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis 显示文摘 | Howell DC Johns RH Lasky JA | 2005 | Am J Pathol2005，166，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Local furnace data and modeling comparision for a 600-MWe coal-fired utility boiler显示文摘 | HUANG YUN LONG HOWELL JOHN R | 2002 | Journal of Energy Resources Technology2002，124，1： | 1 |
| 15 | The intergenic region of maize streak virus contains a GC-rich element that activates rightward transcription and binds maize nuclear factors显示文摘 | Carmen Fenoll John J. Schwarz Diane M. Black Michel Schneider Stephen H. Howell | 1990 | Plant Molecular Biology1990，，6： | 1 |
| 16 | Effect of Endoscopic Stenting of Malignant Bile Duct Obstruction on Quality of Life显示文摘 | Olga Barkay Patrick Mosler Colleen M. Schmitt Glen A. Lehman James T. Frakes John F. Johanson Tahir Qaseem Douglas A. Howell Stuart Sherman | 2013 | Journal of Clinical Gastroenterology2013，，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Future of membranes and membrane reactors in green technologies and for water reuse 显示文摘 | John A Howell | 2004 | Desalination2004，162，： | 1 |
| 18 | Hot Topics in Metalworking Fluids显示文摘 | Greg Foltz Eugene White John Howell | 2013 | Tribology & Lubrication Technology2013，，5： | 1 |
| 19 | Future of membranes and membrane reactors in green technologies and for water reuse显示文摘 | John A Howell | 2004 | Desalination2004，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Yolk utilization in summer flounder Paralichthys dentatus embryos and larvae reared at two temperatures显示文摘 | Johns D M Howell W H | 1980 | Mar Ecol Prog Ser1980，2，： | 1 |
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