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| 1 | Sonography of the small intestine显示文摘In the last two decades, there has been substantial development in the diagnostic possibilities for examining the small intestine. Compared with computerized tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, capsule endoscopy and double-balloon endoscopy, ultrasonography has the advantage of being cheap, portable, flexible and user-and patient-friendly, while at the same time providing the clinician with image data of high temporal and spatial resolution. The method has limitations with penetration in obesity and with intestinal air impairing image quality. The flexibility ultrasonography offers the examiner also implies that a systematic approach during scanning is needed. This paper reviews the basic scanning techniques and new modalities such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound, elastography, strain rate imaging, hydrosonography, allergosonography, endoscopic sonography and nutritional imaging, and the literature on disease-specific findings in the small intestine. Some of these methods have shown clinical benefit, while others are under research and development to establish their role in the diagnostic repertoire. However, along with improved overall image quality of new ultrasound scanners, these methodshave enabled more anatomical and physiological changes in the small intestine to be observed. Accordingly, ultrasound of the small intestine is an attractive clinical tool to study patients with a range of diseases. | Kim Nylund Svein Фdegaard Trygve Hausken Geir Folvik Gülen Arslan Lied Ivan Viola Helwig Hauser Odd-Helge Gilja | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，11： | 9 |
| 2 | Lactobacilli,bifi dobacteria and E.coli nissle induce pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells显示文摘AIM: To investigate whether the stimulation of peripher- al blood mononuclear cells (PBMNC) with the cell debris and cell extraction of different probiotic strains is similar or species specifi c. METHODS: Three strains of bifi dobacteria, 4 strains of lactobacilli, and E. coli nissle were sonicated and centri- fuged in order to divide them into cell extract and cell debris. PBMNC were separated by density gradient and incubated for 36 h with either the cell debris or the cell extract of single strains of probiotic bacteria in doses from 102 to 108 CFU/mL. Cell supernatants were taken and interleukin (IL)-10, IL-1β, and tumor necosis factor (TNF)-α were determined by ELISA. RESULTS: Depending on the species super-family, the strains had different stimulation patterns. Except for both L. casei strains, the cell extract of bifidobacteriaand lactobacilli had less stimulating capacity than cell debris, whereas the cell extract of E. coli nissle had simi- lar stimulating properties to that of the cell debris of the strain and significantly more stimulating capacity than that of bifi dobacteria and lactobacilli. The cell debris of bifi dobacteria stimulated more cytokine release than the cell debris of lactobacilli. The cell debris of lactobacilli did not have a stimulating capacity when lower concentra- tions were used. Neither cell extraction nor cell debris had an inhibitory effect on the production of the tested cytokines by stimulated PBMNC. CONCLUSION: The incubation of probiotic strains, which have been used in clinical trials for inflammatory diseases, with immunocompetent cells leads to different species specifi c reactions. High IL-10 response to cell de- bris of bifi dobacteria and E. coli nissle can be found. This corresponds to positive effects of bifi dobacteria and E. coli nissle in clinical trials for inflammatory bowel disease compared to negative outcomes obtained with lactoba- cilli. | Ulf Helwig Karen M Lammers Fernando Rizzello Patricia Brigidi Verena Rohleder Elisabetta Caramelli Paolo Giochetti Juergen Schrezenmeir Ulrich R Foelsch Stefan Schreiber Massimo Campieri | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，37： | 3 |
| 3 | Extracellular matrices for gastrointestinal surgery:Ex vivo testing and current applications显示文摘AIM:To assess the effects of bile and pancreatic juice on structural and mechanical resistance of extracellular matrices(ECMs) in vitro.METHODS:Small-intestinal submucosa(SIS),porcine dermal matrix(PDM),porcine pericardial matrix(PPM) and bovine pericardial matrix(BPM) were incubated in human bile and pancreatic juice in vitro.ECMs were examined by macroscopic observation,scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and testing of mechanical resistance.RESULTS:PDM dissolved within 4 d after exposure to bile or pancreatic juice.SIS,PPM and PDM retained their integrity for > 60 d when incubated in either digestive juice.The effect of bile was found to be far more detrimental to mechanical stability than pancreatic juice in all tested materials.In SIS,the loss of mechanical stability after incubation in either of the digestive secretions was less distinct than in PPM and BPM [mFmax 4.01/14.27 N(SIS) vs 2.08/5.23 N(PPM) vs 1.48/7.89 N(BPM)].In SIS,the extent of structural damage revealed by SEM was more evident in bile than in pancreatic juice.In PPM and BPM,structural damage was comparable in both media.CONCLUSION:PDM is less suitable for support of gastrointestinal healing.Besides SIS,PPM and BPM should also be evaluated experimentally for gastrointestinal indications. | Jens Hoeppner Goran Marjanovic Peter Helwig Ulrich Theodor Hopt Tobias Keck | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，32： | 2 |
| 4 | Studies on the Chemical Identity and Biological Functions of Pangamic Acid显示文摘 | Schneider Dagmar Helwig Veronika Staniek Katrin Nohl Hans Elstner Erich | 1999 | Arzneimittelforschung1999，，04： | 2 |
| 5 | Metastatic tumors of the skin显示文摘 | Brownstein MH Helwig EB | 1972 | Cancer1972，29，5： | 1 |
| 6 | Pilomatrixoma 显示文摘 | FORBIS RJ HELWIG EB | 1961 | Arch Dermatol1961，83，： | 1 |
| 7 | Carcinoma cuniculatum (verrucous carcinoma of the skin):a clinicopathologic study of 46 cases with ultrastructural observations显示文摘 | Kao GF Graham JH Helwig EB | | 0，，11： | 1 |
| 8 | Bronchogenic cysts in the skin and subcutaneous tissue显示文摘 | Fraga S Helwig EB Rosen SH | 1971 | Am J Clin Pathol1971，56，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Basal cell carcinomas and basal cell carcinoma-like changes overlying dermatofibromas显示文摘 | Goette DK Helwig EB | 1975 | Arch Dermatol1975，111，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Heat stroke:Role of the systemicinflammatory response显示文摘 | Leon LR Helwig BG | 2010 | J Appl Physiol2010，109，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Heat stroke: role of the systemicinflammatory response显示文摘 | Leon LR Helwig BG | 2010 | J Appl Physiol2010，109，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Physiological smooth muscle cell apoptosis contributes to the uterine vascular remodeling in human early pregnancy 显示文摘 | Helwig J J Le Bouteiller P | 2007 | Circ Res2007，100，： | 1 |
| 13 | Matrix cells from Wharton's jelly form neu- rons and glia显示文摘 | Mitchell KE ML Weiss BM Mitchell P Martin D Davis L Mo- rales B Helwig M Beerenstrauch K Abou - Easa T Hildreth D rroyer and S Medicetty | 2003 | Stem Cells2003，21，： | 1 |
| 14 | Heat stroke: Role of the systemic inammatory response 显示文摘 | Leon LR Helwig BG | 2010 | J Appl Physiol2010，109，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Fluidized sand biofilters used to remove ammonia, biochemical oxygen demand, total coliform bacteria, and suspended solids from an intensive aquaculture effluent 显示文摘 | Davidson J Helwig N Summerfelt S T | 2008 | Aquaeultuml Engineering2008，39，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Umbilical cord blood acid-base state: what is normal? 显示文摘 | Helwig JT Parer JT Kilpatrick S J Laros RK Jr | 1996 | Am J Obstet Gynecol1996，174，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Spread of tumors to the skin显示文摘 | Brownstein MH Helwig EB | 1973 | Arch Dermatol1973，107，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Eccrine spiradenoma显示文摘 | Kersting DW Helwig EB | 1956 | AMA Arch Derm1956，73，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Finite element analysis of four different implants inserted in different positions to stabilize an idealized trochanteric femoral fracture显示文摘 | Helwig P Faust G Hindenlang U | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Heat stroke:role of the systemic inflammatory response显示文摘 | Leon LR Helwig BG | | 0，，： | 1 |
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