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| 1 | Alcohol metabolites and lipopolysaccharide: Roles in the development and/or progression of alcoholic liver disease显示文摘The onset of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is initiated by different cell types in the liver and a number of different factors including: products derived from ethanol-induced inflammation, ethanol metabolites, and the indirect reactions from those metabolites. Ethanol oxidation results in the production of metabolites that have been shown to bind and form protein adducts, and to increase inflammatory, fibrotic and cirrhotic responses. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has many deleterious effects and plays a significant role in a number of disease processes by increasing inflammatory cytokine release. In ALD, LPS is thought to be derived from a breakdown in the intestinal wall enabling LPS from resident gut bacterial cell walls to leak into the blood stream. The ability of adducts and LPS to independently stimulate the various cells of the liver provides for a two-hit mechanism by which various biological responses are induced and result in liver injury. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of a two-hit combination of ethanol metabolites and LPS on the cells of the liver to increase inflamma-tion and fi brosis, and play a role in the development and/or progression of ALD. | Courtney S Schaffert Michael J Duryee Carlos D Hunter Bartlett C Hamilton 3rd Amy L DeVeney Mary M Huerter Lynell W Klassen Geoffrey M Thiele | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，10： | 20 |
| 2 | Effect of nutritional counselling on hepatic,muscle and adipose tissue fat content and distribution in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘AIM: To assess the effectiveness of the current UK clinical practice in reducing hepatic fat (IHCL). METHODS: Whole body MRI and 1H MRS were obtained, before and after 6 mo nutritional counselling, from liver, soleus and tibialis muscles in 10 subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). RESULTS: A 500 Kcal-restricted diet resulted in an average weight loss of 4% (-3.4 kg,) accompanied by significant reductions in most adipose tissue (AT) depots, including subcutaneous (-9.9%), abdominal subcutaneous (-10.2%) and intra-abdominal-AT (-11.4%). Intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) were significantly reduced in the tibialis muscle (-28.2%). Decreases in both IHCL (-39.9%) and soleus IMCL (-12.2%) content were also observed, although these were not significant. Several individuals showed dramatic decreases in IHCL, while others paradoxically showed increases in IHCL content. Changes in body composition were accompanied by improvements in certain liver function tests: serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Significant correlations were found between decreases in IHCL and reductions in both intra-abdominal and abdominal subcutaneous AT. Improvements in liver function tests were associated with reductions in intra-abdominal AT, but not with changes in IHCL. CONCLUSION: This study shows that even a very modest reduction in body weight achieved through lifestyle modification can result in changes in body fat depots and improvements in LFTs. | E Louise Thomas Audrey E Brynes Gavin Hamilton Nayna Patel Adam Spong Robert D Goldin Gary Frost Jimmy D Bell Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，36： | 13 |
| 3 | Sea bottom velocity profiles on the continental shelf south-west of England显示文摘 | Channon R D Hamilton D | 1971 | Nature1971，231，： | 2 |
| 4 | Antisense gene that inhibits synthesis of the hormone ethylene in transgenic plant 显示文摘 | Hamilton A J Yycett G W Grierson D | 1990 | Nature1990，346，： | 2 |
| 5 | Using individual tree growth projection models to estimate stand-level gains attributable to genetically improved stock显示文摘 | Hamilton D A Rehfeldt G E | 1994 | For Ecol Manage1994，68，： | 2 |
| 6 | Risk-based evaluation of different postmortem inspection procedures for pigs in Australia显示文摘 | Hamilton D R Gallas P Lyall L | 2002 | The Veterinary Record2002，151，4： | 1 |
| 7 | A study of quality of life inprimigravidae with urinary incontinence显示文摘 | Dolan LM Walsh D Hamilton S | 2004 | Int Urogynecol J PelvicFloor Dysfunct2004，15，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Laparoscopic adrena lectomy: th e preferred choice? A comparison to open adrenalectomy显示文摘 | HAMILTON B D BRAVO E L | 1998 | J Urol1998，160，： | 1 |
| 9 | Chemical characteristics of fluid phase from a subducted lithosphere and origin of arc magmas: Evidence from high-pressure experiments and natural rocks 显示文摘 | Tatsumi Y Hamilton D L Nesbitt R W | 1986 | Journal of Velcanology and Geothermal Research1986，29，： | 1 |
| 10 | Ritual-enema-induced colitis显示文摘 | Segal I Tim L O Hamilton D G | 1979 | Dis Colon Rectum1979，22，3： | 1 |
| 11 | The elastic compensation method for limit and shakedown analysis:a review显示文摘 | D Mackenzie J T Boyle R Hamilton | 2000 | Journal of Strain Analysis2000，35，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Measuring sustainable development:Progress on indicators 显示文摘 | Pearce D K Hamilton A | 1996 | Environmental and Development Economics1996，，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Antisense gene that inhibit synthesis of hormone ethylene in transgenic plants 显示文摘 | Hamilton A J Lyett G W Grierson D | 1990 | Nature1990，346，6281： | 1 |
| 14 | C-2 neurec-tomy during atlantoaxial instrumented fusion in the elderly: patient satisfaction and surgical outcome 显示文摘 | Hamilton D K Smith J S Sansur C A | 2011 | J Neurosurg Spine2011，15，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Oil and the Macroeconomy since World War II显示文摘 | Hamilton J D | 1983 | Journal of Political Economy1983，，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Evidence for a male-produced sex pheromone in the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentals显示文摘 | Kirk W D J Hamilton J G C | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 17 | Optical propertiesof cubic SiC:luminescence of nitrogen-exciton complexes,and interband absorption显示文摘 | Choyke W J Hamilton D R Patrick L | 1964 | Physical Review1964，133，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Who's uncited now? 显示文摘 | HAMILTON D P | 1991 | Science1991，251，4989： | 1 |
| 19 | A species of small antisense RNA in post transcriptional gene silencing in plants显示文摘 | HAMILTON A J BAULCOMBE D C | 1999 | Science1999，286，5441： | 1 |
| 20 | The increasing linkage between US technology and public science 显示文摘 | Narin F Hamilton K S Olivastro D | 1997 | Research Policy1997，26，3： | 1 |
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