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| 1 | Osteoarthritis:toward a comprehensive understanding of pathological mechanism显示文摘Osteoarthritis(OA) is the most common degenerative joint disease and a major cause of pain and disability in adult individuals. The etiology of OA includes joint injury, obesity, aging, and heredity. However, the detailed molecular mechanisms of OA initiation and progression remain poorly understood and, currently,there are no interventions available to restore degraded cartilage or decelerate disease progression. The diathrodial joint is a complicated organ and its function is to bear weight, perform physical activity and exhibit a joint-specific range of motion during movement. During OA development, the entire joint organ is affected, including articular cartilage, subchondral bone, synovial tissue and meniscus. A full understanding of the pathological mechanism of OA development relies on the discovery of the interplaying mechanisms among different OA symptoms, including articular cartilage degradation, osteophyte formation, subchondral sclerosis and synovial hyperplasia, and the signaling pathway(s) controlling these pathological processes. | Di Chen Jie Shen Weiwei Zhao Tingyu Wang Lin Han John L Hamilton Hee-Jeong Im | 2017 | Bone Research2017，5，1： | 121 |
| 2 | 支持外观造型创新设计的计算机辅助设计环境显示文摘介绍一个计算机辅助设计环境 ,该环境利用进化计算及可视化技术生成二维草图及三维图像 ,以支持设计人员的创新设计 用一个艺术设计实例介绍了该环境所采用的基于树结构的遗传算法 ,实例用一般的数学表达式生成艺术品底座外形 ,用复合函数表达式生成艺术花卉的三维图像 实例表明 :文中方法能够生成一些有创意的解 。 | 刘弘 刘希玉 唐明晰 John Hamilton Frazer | 2003 | 计算机辅助设计与图形学学报2003，15，10： | 24 |
| 3 | Alcohol metabolites and lipopolysaccharide: Roles in the development and/or progression of alcoholic liver disease显示文摘The onset of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is initiated by different cell types in the liver and a number of different factors including: products derived from ethanol-induced inflammation, ethanol metabolites, and the indirect reactions from those metabolites. Ethanol oxidation results in the production of metabolites that have been shown to bind and form protein adducts, and to increase inflammatory, fibrotic and cirrhotic responses. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) has many deleterious effects and plays a significant role in a number of disease processes by increasing inflammatory cytokine release. In ALD, LPS is thought to be derived from a breakdown in the intestinal wall enabling LPS from resident gut bacterial cell walls to leak into the blood stream. The ability of adducts and LPS to independently stimulate the various cells of the liver provides for a two-hit mechanism by which various biological responses are induced and result in liver injury. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to evaluate the effects of a two-hit combination of ethanol metabolites and LPS on the cells of the liver to increase inflamma-tion and fi brosis, and play a role in the development and/or progression of ALD. | Courtney S Schaffert Michael J Duryee Carlos D Hunter Bartlett C Hamilton 3rd Amy L DeVeney Mary M Huerter Lynell W Klassen Geoffrey M Thiele | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，10： | 20 |
| 4 | Effects of cold and warm cross-rolling on microstructure and texture evolution of AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet显示文摘Mg alloys conventionally rolled often present strong basal textures that affect negatively further deformations,limiting their applications.The present research found that cross-rolling experiences in adequate conditions can weaken those intense basal textures as a result of the interaction of deformation mechanisms and dynamic recrystallization.The effects of rolling temperature and strain rate on the microstructure and texture of an AZ31B magnesium alloy sheet generated heterogeneous microstructure where the initial basal texture was strengthened during cold cross-rolling and it was gradually weakening by the rolling reduction and the rolling temperature increases in such a way that a rather weak basal fiber was produced applying reductions higher than 15%at temperatures higher than 200℃.Their ODF functions supported the texture weakening,exhibiting a combination of two crystallographic orientations represented by{0001}<211^(-)0>and{0001}<101^(-)0>. | Litzy Lina Choquechambi Catorceno Hamilton Ferreira Gomes de Abreu Angelo Fernando Padilha | 2018 | Journal of Magnesium and Alloys2018，6，2： | 16 |
| 5 | Gastrointestinal Behcet's disease:A review显示文摘Beh?et's disease(BD) is an idiopathic, chronic, relapsing, multi-systemic vasculitis characterized by recurrent oral and genital aphthous ulcers, ocular disease and skin lesions. Prevalence of BD is highest in countries along the ancient silk road from the Mediterranean basin to East Asia. By comparison, the prevalence in North American and Northern European countries is low. Gastrointestinal manifestations of Beh?et's disease are of particular importance as they are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Although ileocecal involvement is most commonly described, BD may involve any segment of the intestinal tract as well as the various organs within the gastrointestinal system. Diagnosis is based on clinical criteria- there are no pathognomonic laboratory tests. Methods for monitoring disease activity on therapy are available but imperfect. Evidence-based treatment strategies are lacking. Different classes of medications have been successfully used for the treatment of intestinal BD which include 5-aminosalicylic acid, corticosteroids, immunomodulators, and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody therapy. Like inflammatory bowel disease, surgery is reserved for those who are resistant to medical therapy. A subset of patients have a poor disease course. Accurate methods to detect these patients and the optimal strategy for their treatment are not known at this time. | Wasseem Skef Matthew J Hamilton Thurayya Arayssi | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，13： | 14 |
| 6 | Effect of nutritional counselling on hepatic,muscle and adipose tissue fat content and distribution in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘AIM: To assess the effectiveness of the current UK clinical practice in reducing hepatic fat (IHCL). METHODS: Whole body MRI and 1H MRS were obtained, before and after 6 mo nutritional counselling, from liver, soleus and tibialis muscles in 10 subjects with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). RESULTS: A 500 Kcal-restricted diet resulted in an average weight loss of 4% (-3.4 kg,) accompanied by significant reductions in most adipose tissue (AT) depots, including subcutaneous (-9.9%), abdominal subcutaneous (-10.2%) and intra-abdominal-AT (-11.4%). Intramyocellular lipids (IMCL) were significantly reduced in the tibialis muscle (-28.2%). Decreases in both IHCL (-39.9%) and soleus IMCL (-12.2%) content were also observed, although these were not significant. Several individuals showed dramatic decreases in IHCL, while others paradoxically showed increases in IHCL content. Changes in body composition were accompanied by improvements in certain liver function tests: serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). Significant correlations were found between decreases in IHCL and reductions in both intra-abdominal and abdominal subcutaneous AT. Improvements in liver function tests were associated with reductions in intra-abdominal AT, but not with changes in IHCL. CONCLUSION: This study shows that even a very modest reduction in body weight achieved through lifestyle modification can result in changes in body fat depots and improvements in LFTs. | E Louise Thomas Audrey E Brynes Gavin Hamilton Nayna Patel Adam Spong Robert D Goldin Gary Frost Jimmy D Bell Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，36： | 13 |
| 7 | 实验小鼠不是最好的动物模型?显示文摘实验小鼠作为研究人类疾病的动物模型,在生物、医学领域沿袭已久。而最近这个概念受到了挑战,在2016年4期的《自然》杂志上发表了一篇文章称,以无特定性病原体(SPF)级小鼠作为动物模型,可能并不是模拟成人免疫系统的最佳模型。 | Beura LK Hamilton SE Bi K 郑湃 贾光 | 2016 | 中华预防医学杂志2016，50，12： | 12 |
| 8 | 三峡水库春季营养盐和浮游植物空间分布及其影响机制显示文摘为研究三峡水库春季水体营养盐与浮游植物的空间分布状况,于2013年3月对三峡水库22条支流及干流的6个断面进行采样监测.结果表明:来水、回水、河口和干流4类断面ρ(TN)平均值分别为1.69、1.84、2.01、1.51 mg/L;ρ(TP)平均值分别为0.115、0.191、0.179和0.181 mg/L;不同类型断面间ρ(TN)、ρ(TP)差异不显著;水体中N、P的主要形态分别为NO3--N和PO43--P;N/P〔n(N)/n(P)〕从来水(110.8)至干流(18.9)逐渐降低.三峡水库总体上为中营养状态,回水和河口区富营养化程度较高,富营养断面比例分别为45.4%和36.4%.研究期间共检出浮游植物8门98属,其中以绿藻门、硅藻门和蓝藻门为主,分别检出42、26和17属;从组成上看,来水和干流断面以硅藻-绿藻为主,回水、河口断面以绿藻-硅藻为主.浮游植物丰度由高到低依次为回水、河口、来水和干流断面.调查期间,22条支流中有15条支流在不同位置发生水华,但主要集中在回水区;拟多甲藻水华为主要类型且集中在库区的下游支流,而库区中上游支流则以隐藻、衣藻、小球藻、小环藻等水华为主.环境因子排序分析表明,在水华集中的回水-河口区域,影响浮游植物丰度分布的主要环境因子数明显少于其他区域,温度和ρ(DO)为该区域浮游植物丰度分布的主要影响因子,而ρ(TN)、ρ(TP)的影响不明显. | 张磊 夏志强 周伟 HAMILTON Paul B HAFFNER Douglas | 2015 | 环境科学研究2015，28，7： | 11 |
| 9 | Interactive Effects of Elevated CO_2 and Growth Temperature on the Tolerance of Photosynthesis to Acute Heat Stress in C_3 and C_4 Species显示文摘Determining effects of elevated CO2 on the tolerance of photosynthesis to acute heat-stress (heat wave) is necessary for predicting plant responses to global warming,as photosynthesis is thermolabile and acute heat-stress and atmospheric CO2 will increase in the future.Few studies have examined this,and past results are variable,which may be due to methodological variation.To address this,we grew two C3 and two C4 species at current or elevated CO2 and three different growth temperatures (GT).We assessed photosynthetic thermotolerance in both unacclimated (basal tolerance) and preheat-stressed (preHS=acclimated) plants.In C3 species,basal thermotolerance of net photosynthesis (Pn) was increased in high CO2,but in C4 species,Pn thermotlerance was decreased by high CO2 (except Zea mays at low GT); CO2 effects in preHS plants were mostly small or absent,though high CO2 was detrimental in one C3 and one C4 species at warmer GT.Though high CO2 generally decreased stomatal conductance,decreases in Pn during heat stress were mostly due to non-stomatal effects.Photosystem Ⅱ (PSⅡ efficiency was often decreased by high CO2 during heat stress,especially at high GT; CO2 effects on post-PSII electron transport were variable.Thus,high CO2 often affected photosynthetic theromotolerance,and the effects varied with photosynthetic pathway,growth temperature,and acclimation state.Most importantly,in heat-stressed plants at normal or warmer growth temperatures,high CO2 may often decrease,or not benefit as expected,tolerance of photosynthesis to acute heat stress.Therefore,interactive effects of elevated CO2 and warmer growth temperatures on acute heat tolerance may contribute to future changes in plant productivity,distribution,and diversity. | E. William Hamilton III Scott A. Heckathorn Puneet Joshi Dan Wang Deepak Barua | 2008 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2008，50，11： | 8 |
| 10 | Anti-herpes simplex virus activities of monogalactosyl diglyceride and digalactosyl diglyceride from Clinacanthus nutans, a traditional Thai herbal medicine显示文摘Objective: To evaluate the monogalactosyl diglyceride(MGDG) and digalactosyl diglyceride(DGDG) from Clinacanthus nutans(C. nutans) for their in vitro antiviral activities against herpes simplex virus type 1(HSV-1) and type 2(HSV-2) by plaque reduction assay.Methods: MGDG and DGDG were extracted with chloroform from C. nutans leaves.MGDG and DGDG were separated from chloroform crude extract using column chromatography, characterized by thin layer chromatography and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography. The anti HSV-1 and 2 activity against pre-treatment and posttreatment of the compounds was evaluated using plaque reduction assay. The cytotoxicity of the extract and the compounds on Vero cells were performed by MTT assay.Results: MGDG and DGDG obtained by column chromatography showed identical profiles as standard MGDG and standard DGDG using thin layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. MGDG and DGDG from C. nutans showed 100%inhibition of HSV-1 replication at the post step of infection at noncytotoxic concentration with IC50 values of 36.00 and 40.00 mg/m L, and HSV-2 at 41.00 and 43.20 mg/mL,respectively. Moreover, MGDG and DGDG from C. nutans were demonstrated to have antiherpes simplex activity at the same level as standard synthetic compounds. In contrast, pretreatment of Vero cells with MGDG and DGDG before HSV-1 and HSV-2 infection did not show inhibitory effect against these viruses. MGDG and DGDG exhibited antiviral activity against HSV-1 with selectivity index of 26.00 and 23.00 and HSV-2 of 23.30 and 21.30.Conclusions: MGDG and DGDG from C. nutans, a traditional Thai herbal medicine illustrated inhibitory activity against HSV-1 and HSV-2, probably by inhibiting the late stage of multiplication, suggesting their promising use as anti-HSV agents. | Sirada Pongmuangmul Supaporn Phumiamorn Phanchana Sanguansermsri Nalin Wongkattiya Ian Hamilton Fraser Donruedee Sanguansermsri | 2016 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2016，6，3： | 7 |
| 11 | Restoring the gut microbiome for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases显示文摘Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)is considered to be a highly successful therapy for recurrent and refractory Clostridium difficile infection(CDI)based on recent clinical trials.The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)is thought to be due in part to perturbations in the gut microflora that disrupt homeostasis.FMT restores essential components of the microflora which could reverse the inflammatory processes observed in IBD.Case reports and series for the treatment of IBD by FMT have shown promise with regards to treatment success and safety despite the limitations of the reporting.Future studies will determine the optimal delivery and preparation of stool as well as the conditions under which the recipient will derive maximal benefit.The long term consequences of FMT with regards to infection,cancer,auto-immune,and metabolic diseases are not known and will require continued regulation and study.Despite these limitations,FMT may be beneficial for the treatment of ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease,particularly those with concurrent CDI or with pouchitis. | Jessica R Allegretti Matthew J Hamilton | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，13： | 7 |
| 12 | Anti-tumour necrosis factor agent and liver injury:literature review,recommendations for management显示文摘Abnormalities in liver function tests,including transient and self-limiting hypertransaminasemia,cholestatic disease and hepatitis,can develop during treatment with anti-tumour-necrosis-factor(TNF)therapy.The optimal management of liver injury related to antiTNF therapy is still a matter of debate.Although some authors recommend discontinuing treatment in case of both a rise of alanine aminotransferase more than5 times the upper limit of normal,or the occurrence of jaundice,there are no standard guidelines for the management of anti-TNF-related liver injury.Bibliographical searches were performed in Pub Med,using the following key words:inflammatory bowel disease(IBD);TNF inhibitors;hypertransaminasemia;drugrelated liver injury;infliximab.According to published data,elevation of transaminases in patients with IBD treated with anti-TNF is a common finding,but resolution appears to be the usual outcome.Anti-TNF agents seem to be safe with a low risk of causing severe drugrelated liver injury.According to our centre experience,we found that hypertransaminasemia was a common,mainly self-limiting finding in our IBD cohort and was not correlated to infliximab treatment on both univariate and multivariate analyses.An algorithm for the management of liver impairment occurring during antiTNF treatment is also proposed and this highlights the need of a multidisciplinary approach and suggests liver biopsy as a key-point in the management decision in case of severe rise of transaminases.However,hepatic injury is generally self-limiting and drug withdrawal seems to be an exception. | Roberta Elisa Rossi Ioanna Parisi Edward John Despott Andrew Kenneth Burroughs James O'Beirne Dario Conte Mark Ian Hamilton Charles Daniel Murray | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，46： | 7 |
| 13 | 全球溺水负担:GBD 2017全球疾病负担死亡率的估计研究显示文摘世界卫生组织已将溺水确定为公共卫生优先事项。溺水指因淹没或者浸没于液体中而出现呼吸障碍的过程,其结果分为死亡、受伤和不受伤。致命性溺水是世界范围内导致非故意伤害相关死亡的主要原因,全球每年约有30万人溺水死亡。中低收入国家非故意溺水发生尤为严重。此外,男性和儿童是非故意溺水的高危人群。伤害预防工作者掌握准确和及时的数据将有助于合理分配公共卫生资源和评价干预措施的效果。 | 黄锦裕 佘宇航(摘译) 李丽萍(审校) Franklin R C Peden A E Hamilton E B | 2020 | 伤害医学(电子版)2020，9，4： | 6 |
| 14 | COVID-19: An overview and a clinical update显示文摘The outbreak of coronavirus disease-2019(COVID-19,previously known as 2019 nCoV)caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection in Wuhan City,China,has spread rapidly around the world.Most patients from the first cluster had an epidemiological connection to the Wuhan's Huanan Seafood Wholesale Market.Available evidence has shown that SARSCoV-2 can be easily transmitted from person to person through close contact and respiratory droplets,posing a substantial challenge to public health.At present,the research on SARS-CoV-2 is still in the primary stages.However,dexamethasone and remdesivir are appeared to be promising medical therapies.Still,there is no definite specific treatment,and the mainstay of treatment is still focused on supportive therapies.Currently,over 150 vaccines are under investigation.It is necessary to understand the nature of the virus and its clinical characteristics in order to find effectively manage the disease.The knowledge about this virus is rapidly evolving,and clinicians must update themselves regularly.The present review comprehensively summarizes the epidemiology,pathogenesis,clinical characteristics,and management of COVID-19 based on the current evidence. | Arunkumar Krishnan James P Hamilton Saleh A Alqahtani Tinsay A Woreta | 2021 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2021，9，1： | 5 |
| 15 | 硬皮病的诊断与治疗显示文摘1 简介
1.1 背景知识:硬皮病的英文名称Scleroderma,是由希腊单词Skleros(硬的或硬结的)和Derma(皮肤)衍化而来的。希波格拉底首次用增厚的皮肤描述这种情形。CarloCurzio(1752年)遇到一名出现皮肤坚硬的患者时,第一次对这种情形进行了详细描述,即像木头或干燥的皮革一样。 | Serqio A Jimenez Dorrance H Hamilton | 2007 | 继续医学教育2007，21，23： | 4 |
| 16 | Gastric Adenocarcinoma: Review and Considerations for Future Directions显示文摘 | Bryan J. Dicken David L. Bigam Carol Cass John R. Mackey Anil A. Joy Stewart M. Hamilton | 2005 | Annals of Surgery2005，，1： | 4 |
| 17 | 中国企业如何应对美国关税法337条款调查显示文摘 | 周孜冶 廖圣强 陈炽 Hamilton Loeb | 2004 | 信息技术与标准化2004，，8： | 4 |
| 18 | Structure and function of epididymal protein cysteine-rich secretory protein-1显示文摘充满半胱氨酸的能分泌的 protein-1 (CRISP-1 ) 是 theepididymal 上皮分泌的糖蛋白。它是二个保存领域和一套 16 保存半胱氨酸残余描绘的蛋白质的一个大家庭的一个成员。在哺乳动物, CRISP-1 禁止精子鸡蛋熔化和罐头压制精子 capacitation。未知的哺乳动物的 CRISPproteins 遗体的行动的分子的机制,而是某些非哺乳动物的松脆的蛋白质能堵住离子隧道。在 ther 在, CRISP-1 包括叫作蛋白质 D 和 E 的二种形式。在我们的实验室的最近的工作证明 CRISP-1 的 D 形式与精子表面短暂地联系,而 Eform 紧绑。当精子被洗时,在所有 D 形式分裂了以后, CRISP-1 的 E 形式在精子表面上坚持。Cross-linking 研究为 D 和 E 表明 differentprotein 蛋白质相互作用模式,尽管为任何一个蛋白质的有约束力的搭挡还都没被识别。集体度谱的分析在不是 D 形式上的现在的 E 形式上揭示了潜在的 post-translationalmodification。这是蛋白质 D 和 E 之间的唯一的可辨别的差别,并且大概为在老鼠 CRISP-1 的这二种形式的行为的差别负责。这些研究证明更丰富的 D 形式短暂地与精子交往,可能与精子上的特定的受体出现,与 压制capacitation 功能一致在在附睾的精子运输和存储期间,并且也证实一紧绑能在女繁殖的道行动的 E 形式的人口。 | Kenneth P. Roberts Daniel S. Johnston Michael A. Nolan Joseph L. Wooters Nicole C. Waxmonsky Laura B. Piehl Kathy M. Ensrud-Bowlin David W. Hamilton | 2007 | Asian Journal of Andrology2007，9，4： | 4 |
| 19 | 城市交通控制的演变——政策与技术变更显示文摘在过去的一个世纪里,城市交通控制始终在演变,以适应日益复杂的政策目标和不断增长的交通需求。一个高效的交通控制系统可以带来很多收益,例如缓解拥堵、提高经济效益以及改善道路安全和空气质量。车辆检测和通信技术方面取得的显著进步为交通控制系统的调控能力带来了一系列阶段性变化:从早期(固定配时)信号控制发展到现代化的集成系统。多种类型的交通控制系统在全球不同地区建设完成,每种系统都有各自的优势和不足。首先通过对比分析目前占据领先地位的商用系统(以及一些较少为人所知的系统),凸显交通控制系统的关键特征和差异,然后评估目前的交通控制系统是否能实现现代交通政策的职能和需求。最后,探讨了当前及未来的交通政策,以及未来10年交通控制发展的技术性蓝图,指出交通控制有望通过技术进步从有限数据时代迈入大数据时代。 | Andrew Hamilton Ben Waterson Tom Cherrett Andrew Robinson Ian Snell 王金秋 | 2014 | 城市交通2014，12，5： | 3 |
| 20 | Shear Strength of Beams with Corrugated Webs显示文摘 | Mohamed Elgaaly Robert W. Hamilton Anand Seshadri | 1996 | Journal of Structural Engineering1996，，4： | 3 |
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