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| 1 | High Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Beijing: Effect of Maternal Birth Weight and Other Risk Factors显示文摘 | Wei-Wei Zhu Hui-Xia Yang Chen Wang Ri-Na Su Hui Feng Anil Kapur | 2017 | Chinese Medical Journal2017，，9： | 61 |
| 2 | Comparing the Diagnostic Criteria for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus of World Health Organization 2013 with 1999 in Chinese Population显示文摘INTRODUCTION Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was earlier defined as 'hyperglycemia first recognized during pregnancy' and has more recently been described by American Diabetes Association (ADA) (2012) as diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy that is not clearly overt diabetes.[1] The hyperglycemia and adverse pregnancy outcomes study (HAPO) demonstrated that the risk of adverse maternal,fetal,and neonatal outcomes continuously increase as a function of maternal glycemia at 24-28 weeks,even within ranges previously considered normal for pregnancy.[2] After reviewing the results of the HAPO study,many international diabetes study groups,including the International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups and ADA have adopted the 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-28 weeks as a screening and diagnostic test and defined new cut-off values for GDM diagnosis.The Ministry of Health of China published the criteria for GDM,that is the same as the ADA criteria on July 1,2011.World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the 75 g OGTT with different cut-offvalues as a diagnostic test since 1999,changed its recommendation on 2013.In Hongkong and Yunnan province in China,most hospital adopted the WHO 1999 criteria,nevertheless,there is no evidence of multicenter and large sample to show that the GDM population within the same ethnic group diagnosed by the new WHO criteria matches those diagnosed by the old one and consistency between the two criteria has not been reported.Thus,we conducted this study to analyze the two criteria in Chinese pregnant women. | Weiwei Zhu Huixia Yang Yumei Wei Zilian Wang Xuelan Li Hairong Wu Nan Li Meihua Zhang Xinghui Liu Hua Zhang Yunhui Wang Jianmin Niu Yujie Gan Liruo Zhong Yunfeng Wang Anil Kapur | 2015 | Chinese Medical Journal2015，，1： | 42 |
| 3 | Tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-6 in cirrhotic patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis显示文摘AIM:To evaluate the role of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-6(IL-6) in cirrhotic patients who have hepatic and renal impairment with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis(SBP).METHODS:We prospectively studied 120 cirrhotic patients with SBP and 80 cirrhotic patients with sterile ascitic fluid.They included 144 males and 56 females with ages ranging between 34 and 62 years.The diagnosis of cirrhosis was established by clinical and laboratory criteria that did not require histological confirmation.The severity of underlying liver disease was evaluated using Pugh's modification of Child's criteria(Child-Pugh scores).Ascitic fluid was sent to the laboratory for cell count,culture,sensitivity testing,and measurement of chemical elements(i.e.,albumin,glucose).Specimens were inoculated into aerobic and anaerobic blood culture bottles.Serum and ascitic fluid were also collected in sterile tubes at study entry(before the initiation of antibiotic treatment) and 48 h later.Assays for TNF-α and IL-6 in the serum and ascitic fluid were performed with an immunoenzymometric assay using manufacture's instructions.RESULTS:Cytokine levels in serum and ascitic fluid were significantly higher in the patients with SBP.(plasma TNF-α:135.35 ng/mL ± 11.21 ng/mL vs 92.86 ng/mL ± 17.56 ng/mL,P < 0.001;plasma IL-6:32.30 pg/mL ± 7.07 pg/mL vs 12.11 pg/mL ± 6.53 pg/mL,P < 0.001;ascitic fluid TNF-α:647.54 ± 107.11 ng/mL vs 238.43 ng/mL ± 65.42 ng/mL,P < 0.001);ascitic fluid IL-6:132.84 ng/mL ± 34.13 vs 40.41 ± 12.85 pg/mL,P < 0.001).About 48(40%) cirrhotic patients with SBP developed renal and hepatic impairment and showed significantly higher plasma and ascitic fluid cytokine levels at diagnosis of infection.[(plasma TNF-α:176.58 ± 17.84 vs 135.35 ± 11.21 ng/mL)(P < 0.001) and(IL-6:57.83 ± 7.85 vs 32.30 ± 7.07 pg/mL)(P < 0.001);ascitic fluid TNF-α:958.39 ± 135.72 vs 647.54 ± 107.11 ng/mL,(P < 0.001),ascitic fluid IL-6:654.74 ± 97.43 vs 132.84 ± 34.13 pg/mL,(P < 0.001)].Twenty nine patients(60.4%) with SBP and renal impairment died whereas,only four patients(5.55%) with SBP but without renal impairment died from gastrointestinal hemorrhage(P < 0.0005).CONCLUSION:It appears that TNF-α production may enhance liver cell injury and lead to renal impairment.This correlated well with the poor prognosis and significantly increased mortality associated with SBP in cirrhotic patients. | Muhammed AM Suliman Fawzy MH Khalil Salam SA Alkindi Anil V Pathare Ali AA Almadhani Neveen AAI Soliman | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2012，3，5： | 39 |
| 4 | A comparative review of HLA associations with hepatitis Band C viral infections across global populations显示文摘Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) viral infection or co-infection leads to risk of development of chronic infection, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Immigration and globalization have added to the challenges of public health concerns regarding chronic HBV and HCV infections worldwide. The aim of this study is to review existing global literature across ethnic populations on HBV and HCV related human leukocyte antigen (HLA) associations in relation to susceptibility, viral persistence and treatment. Extensive literature search was conducted to explore the HLA associations in HBV and HCV infections reported across global populations over the past decade to understand the knowledge status, weaknesses and strengths of this information in different ethnic populations. HLA DR13 is consistently associated with HBV clearance globally. HLADRB1*11/*12 alleles and DQB1*0301 are associated with HBV persistence but with HCV clearance worldwide. Consistent association of DRB1*03 and *07 is observed with HCV susceptibility and non-responsiveness to HBV vaccination across the population. HLA DR13 is protective for vertical HBV and HCV transmission in Chinese and Italian neonates, but different alleles are associated with their susceptibility in these populations. HLA class Ⅰmolecule interactions with Killer cell immunoglobulin like receptors (KIR) of natural killer (NK) cells modulate HCV infection outcome via regulating immune regulatory cells and molecules. HLA associations with HBV vaccination, interferon therapy in HBV and HCV, and with extra hepatic manifestations of viral hepatitis are also discussed. Systematic studies in compliance with global regulatory standards are required to identify the HLA specific viral epitope, stage specific T cell populations interacting with different HLA alleles during disease progression and viral clearance of chronic HBV or HCV infections among different ethnic populations. These studies would facilitate stage specific therapeutic strategies for clearance of HBV and HCV infections or co-infections across global populations and aid in identification of HBV-HCV combined vaccine. HLA associations of chronic HBV or HCV development with confounding host factors including alcohol, drug abuse, insulin resistance, age and gender are lacking and warrant detailed investigation across global populations. | Rashmi Singh Rashmi Kaul Anil Kaul Khalid Khan | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，12： | 31 |
| 5 | Advanced casting technologies for lightweight automotive applications显示文摘This paper provides an overview of alloy and process developments in aluminum and magnesium castings for lightweight automotive applications. Wear-resistant aluminum alloys, creep-resistant and high strength/ductility magnesium alloys have been developed for automotive applications. On the process front, vacuumassisted die casting and high vacuum die casting technologies have been developed for high-integrity body and chassis applications. Thin-wall and hollow casting components are being produced by low-pressure die casting processes for structural applications. Overcasting technology is gaining traction and has enabled mixed material designs for automotive sub-systems such as engine cradles and instrument panel beams. Simulation tools developed to predict the interfacial interactions of the dissimilar components and the structural integrity of the overcast systems are being validated in the casting trials. | Alan A.Luo Anil K.Sachdev Bob R.Powell | 2010 | China Foundry2010，7，4： | 29 |
| 6 | Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori : What should be the gold standard?显示文摘Since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) in 1983, numerous detection methods for the presence of the bacterium have been developed. Each one of them has been associated with advantages and disadvantages. Noninvasive tests such as serology, 13 C urea breath test(UBT) and stool antigen tests are usually preferred by the clinicians. Serology has its own limitation especially in endemic areas while 13 C UBT is technically very demanding. The stool antigen detection method, although specific, is usually associated with poor sensitivity. The 13 C UBT is believed to be specific, but with present revelation of the fact that stomach is colonized by many other urease producing bacteria makes it questionable. Histology, culture, rapid urease test and polymerase chain reaction(PCR) are the tests which are carried out on antral biopsies collected by invasive means. Histology has been proposed to be very sensitive and specific but the question is how by simply looking the morphology of the bacteria in the microscope, one can claim that the curved bacterium is exclusively H. pylori. Rapid urease test(RUT), the doctor's test, is also challenged because the presence of other urease producing bacteria in the stomach cannot be denied. Moreover, RUT has been reported with poor sensitivity specially, when density of the bacterium is low. Isolation of H. pylori is essential to investigate its growth requirements, antibiotic susceptibility testing, studying virulence factor to develop vaccine and many more explorations. It has also got several disadvantages i.e., special condition for transporting, media, incubation and few days waiting for the colonies to appear, apart from the speed essentially needed to process the specimens. Till date, majority of the microbiological laboratories in the world are not equipped and trained to isolate such fastidious bacterium. The option left is PCR methods to detect H. pylori 's DNA in gastric mucosa, gastric juice, saliva, dental plaques and environmental specimens. There are speculations for false positivity due to detection of non-pylori Helicobacters due to genetic sharing; and false negativity due to low bacterial counts and presence of PCR inhibitors. However, specimen collection, transportation and processing do not require speed and special conditions. PCR based diagnosis may be considered as gold standard by designing primers extremely specific to H. pylori and targeting at least more than one conserved genes. Similarly specificity of PCR may be improved by use of internal Primers. Further, nested PCR will take care of false negatives by countering the effect of PCR inhibitors and low bacterial counts. Therefore, nested PCR based methods if performed properly, may be proposed as gold standard test. | Saurabh Kumar Patel Chandra Bhan Pratap Ashok Kumar Jain Anil Kumar Gulati Gopal Nath | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，36： | 30 |
| 7 | 汽车轻量化先进铸造技术显示文摘全面评述了用于汽车轻量化的铸造铝和镁合金及铸造工艺的发展。已开发的汽车用新型合金有耐磨铝合金、抗蠕变镁合金及高强度/韧性镁合金。在工艺前沿方面,开发了真空辅助压铸和高真空压铸技术,用于生产高整体性的车体和底盘零件。用低压金属型铸造工艺生产结构用薄壁空心铸件。包覆铸造技术不断得到发展,使用混合材料设计汽车的子系统,例如发动机支架、仪表板梁成为可能。开发的模拟工具用来预测不同组分之间的界面相互反应和包覆铸造系统的结构完整性,并且已被铸造实验证实。 | 罗爱华 Anil K. Sachdev Bob R. Powell 申泽骥(翻译) | 2011 | 铸造2011，60，2： | 25 |
| 8 | 中国工人罢工的四方层级解决机制:基于案例研究的一种新诠释显示文摘近年来中国外资企业罢工事件不断增多,已有研究者提出的解决机制均忽视了地方党委在罢工事件处理中的积极作用。本研究选取了大连经济开发区一家经历了当地3次大罢工的日本独资制造企业为对象进行回溯性案例研究,对亲历3次罢工事件的地方党委、地方政府、地方总工会、企业工会、资方负责人和工人代表进行了半结构化访谈,并通过文档资料分析对访谈结果进行补充和验证。研究结果表明:外企工人罢工事件处理时存在一个地方党委领导下的四方主体、3个层级的解决机制,即地方党委领导下的地方政府与地方工会、企业工会、资方和工人之间的互动模式。该模式最高层为地方党委,中间层包括地方工会和地方政府,其中地方党委起到了领导、监督和评价的作用。 | 徐世勇 Xiaoyu Huang 张丽华 许春燕 Anil Verma | 2014 | 管理世界2014，30，4： | 21 |
| 9 | Pathogenic mechanisms of pancreatitis显示文摘Pancreatitis is inflammation of pancreas and caused by a number of factors including pancreatic duct obstruction, alcoholism, and mutation in the cationic trypsinogen gene. Pancreatitis is represented as acute pancreatitis with acute inflammatory responses and; chronic pan-creatitis characterized by marked stroma formation with a high number of infiltrating granulocytes(such as neutrophils, eosinophils), monocytes, macrophages and pancreatic stellate cells(PSCs). These inflammatory cells are known to play a central role in initiating and promoting inflammation including pancreatic fibrosis, i.e., a major risk factor for pancreatic cancer. A number of inflammatory cytokines are known to involve in pro-moting pancreatic pathogenesis that lead pancreatic fibrosis. Pancreatic fibrosis is a dynamic phenomenon that requires an intricate network of several autocrine and paracrine signaling pathways. In this review, we have provided the details of various cytokines and molecular mechanistic pathways(i.e., Transforming growth factor-β/SMAD, mitogen--activated protein kinases, Rho kinase, Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators, and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase) that have a critical role in the activation of PSCs to promote chronic pancreatitis and trigger the phenomenon of pancreatic fibrogenesis. In this review of literature, we discuss the involvement of several pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as in interleukin(IL)-1, IL-1β, IL-6, IL--8 IL-10, IL-18, IL--33 and tumor necrosis factor-α, in the pathogenesis of disease. Our review also highlights the significance of several experimental animal models that have an important role in dissecting the mechanistic pathways operating in the development of chronic pancreatitis, including pancreatic fibrosis. Additionally, we provided several intermediary molecules that are involved in major signaling pathways that might provide target molecules for future therapeutic treatment strategies for pancreatic pathogenesis. | Murli Manohar Alok Kumar Verma Sathisha Upparahalli Venkateshaiah Nathan L Sanders Anil Mishra | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2017，8，1： | 21 |
| 10 | Role of sex steroid receptors in pathobiology of hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘The striking gender disparity observed in the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) suggests an important role of sex hormones in HCC pathogenesis. Though the studies began as early as in 1980s,the precise role of sex hormones and the significance of their receptors in HCC still remain poorly understood and perhaps contribute to current controversies about the potential use of hormonal therapy in HCC. A comprehensive review of the existing literature revealed several shortcomings associated with the studies on estrogen receptor (ER) and androgen receptor (AR) in normal liver and HCC. These shortcomings include the use of less sensitive receptor ligand binding assays and immunohistochemistry studies for ERα alone until 1996 when ERβ isoform was identified. The animal models of HCC utilized for studies were primarily based on chemical-induced hepatocarcinogenesis with less similarity to virus-induced HCC pathogenesis. However,recent in vitro studies in hepatoma cells provide newer insights for hormonal regulation of key cellular processes including interaction of ER and AR with viral proteins. In light of the above facts,there is an urgent need for a detailed investigation of sex hormones and their receptors in normal liver and HCC. In this review,we systematically present the information currently available on androgens,estrogens and their receptors in normal liver and HCC obtained from in vitro,in vivo experimental models and clinical studies. This information will direct future basic and clinical research to bridge the gap in knowledge to explore the therapeutic potential of hormonal therapy in HCC. | Mamta Kalra Jary Mayes Senait Assefa Anil K Kaul Rashmi Kaul | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，39： | 18 |
| 11 | Role of live microbial feed supplements with reference to anaerobic fungi in ruminant productivity: A review显示文摘To keep the concept of a safe food supply to the consumers, animal feed industries world over are showing an increasing interest in the direct-fed microbials(DFM) for improved animal performance in terms of growth or productivity. This becomes all the more essential in a situation, where a number of the residues of antibiotics and/or other growth stimulants reach in milk and meat with a number of associated potential risks for the consumers. Hence, in the absence of growth stimulants, a positive manipulation of the rumen microbial ecosystem to enhance the feedstuff utilization for improved production efficiency by ruminants has become of much interest to the researchers and entrepreneurs. A few genera of live microbes(i.e., bacteria, fungi and yeasts in different types of formulations from paste to powder) are infrequently used as DFM for the domestic ruminants. These DFM products are live microbial feed supplements containing naturally occurring microbes in the rumen. Among different DFM possibilities, anaerobic rumen fungi(ARF) based additives have been found to improve ruminant productivity consistently during feeding trials. Administration of ARF during the few trials conducted, led to the increased weight gain, milk production, and total tract digestibility of feed components in ruminants. Anaerobic fungi in the rumen display very strong cell-wall degrading cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities through rhizoid development, resulting in the physical disruption of feed structure paving the way for bacterial action. Significant improvements in the fiber digestibility were found to coincide with increases in ARF in the rumen indicating their role. Most of the researches based on DFM have indicated a positive response in nutrient digestion and methane reducing potential during in vivo and/or in vitro supplementation of ARF as DFM. Therefore, DFM especially ARF will gain popularity but it is necessary that all the strains are thoroughly studied for their beneficial properties to have a confirmed ‘generally regarded as safe' status for ruminants. | Anil K Puniya Abdelfattah Z M Salem Sanjay Kumar Sumit S Dagar Gareth W Griffith Monica Puniya Sreenivas R Ravella Nikhil Kumar Tejpal Dhewa Ravinder Kumar | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，3： | 17 |
| 12 | Optimal distributed generation allocation in radial distribution systems considering customer-wise dedicated feeders and load patterns显示文摘Distribution system planners usually provide dedicated feeders to its different class of customers,each of whom has its own characteristic load pattern which varies hourly and seasonally.A more realistic modeling should be devised by considering the daily and seasonal variations in the aggregate load patterns of different class of customers.This paper addresses a new methodology to provide integrated solution for the optimal allocation of distributed generations and network reconfiguration considering load patterns of customers.The objectives considered are to maximize annual energy loss reduction and to maintain a better node voltage profile.Bat algorithm(BA)is a new bio-inspired search algorithm which has shown an advance capability to reach into the promising region,but its exploration is inadequate.The problem is solved by proposing the improved BA(IBA).The proposed method is investigated on the benchmark IEEE 33-bus test distribution system and the results are very promising. | Neeraj KANWAR Nikhil GUPTA K.R.NIAZI Anil SWARNKAR | 2015 | Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy2015，3，4： | 16 |
| 13 | Adversarial Attacks and Defenses in Images, Graphs and Text: A Review显示文摘Deep neural networks(DNN)have achieved unprecedented success in numerous machine learning tasks in various domains.However,the existence of adversarial examples raises our concerns in adopting deep learning to safety-critical applications.As a result,we have witnessed increasing interests in studying attack and defense mechanisms for DNN models on different data types,such as images,graphs and text.Thus,it is necessary to provide a systematic and comprehensive overview of the main threats of attacks and the success of corresponding countermeasures.In this survey,we review the state of the art algorithms for generating adversarial examples and the countermeasures against adversarial examples,for three most popular data types,including images,graphs and text. | Han Xu Yao Ma Hao-Chen Liu Debayan Deb Hui Liu Ji-Liang Tang Anil K.Jain | 2020 | International Journal of Automation and computing2020，17，2： | 15 |
| 14 | Role of dental plaque,saliva and periodontal disease in Helicobacter pylori infection显示文摘Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori)infection is one of the most common bacterial infections in humans.Although H.pylori may be detected in the stomach of approximately half of the world’s population,the mechanisms of transmission of the microorganism from individual to individual are not yet clear.Transmission of H.pylori could occur through iatrogenic,fecal-oral,and oral-oral routes,and through food and water.The microorganism may be transmitted orally and has been detected in dental plaque and saliva.However,the role of the oral cavity in the transmission and recurrence of H.pylori infection has been the subject of debate.A large number of studies investigating the role of oral hygiene and periodontal disease in H.pylori infection have varied significantly in terms of their methodology and sample population,resulting in a wide variation in the reported results.Nevertheless,recent studies have not only shown that the microorganism can be detected fairly consistently from the oral cavity but also demonstrated that the chances of recurrence of H.pylori infection is more likely among patients who harbor the organism in the oral cavity.Furthermore,initial results from clinical trials have shown that H.pylori-positive dyspeptic patients may benefit from periodontal therapy.This paper attempts to review the current body of evidence regarding the role of dental plaque,saliva,and periodontal disease in H.pylori infection. | Pradeep S Anand Kavitha P Kamath Sukumaran Anil | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，19： | 15 |
| 15 | Antihyperglycemic activity,antihyperlipedemic activity,haematological effects and histopathological analysis of Sapindus mukorossi Gaerten fruits in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats显示文摘Objective:To investigate the antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemie properties of hydroalcoholic extract of fruits of Sapindus mukorossi Caerlen and its beneficial effect on haeniatological parameters with histopathological analysis in streptpzotocin induced diabetic rats.Methods:Sapindus mukorossi fruits extract(250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) and standard drug glybenclamide(0.5 mg/kg body weight) were administered to diabetic rats.Effect of extract on hyperglycemia,hyperlipidemia and hematological parameters was studied in diabetic rats.Histopathological changes in diabetic rat pancreas were also observed after extract and glybenclamide treatment.Results:Daily oral administration of Sapindus mukorossi fruits extract(250 and 500 mg/kg body weight) and glybenclamide for 20 days showed beneficial effects on blood glucose level(P<0.01) and lipid level.The extract has a favorable effect on the histopathological changes of the pancreas in streptozotocin induced diabetes.Conclusions: These findings reveal that the hydroalcoholic extract of Sapindus mukorossi fruits extract possesses antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemie properties.In addition.the extract can prevent various complications of diabetes and improve some haeniatological parameters. | Neeraj Verma G Amresh P K Sahu Neelam Mishra Anil P Singh Ch V Rao | 2012 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2012，5，7： | 14 |
| 16 | Matrix metalloproteinase gene expressions might be oxidative stress targets in gastric cancer cell lines显示文摘Objective: Oxidative stress is linked to increased risk of gastric cancer and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are important in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer. We aimed to analyze the effect of the accumulation of oxidative stress in the gastric cancer MKN-45 and 23132/87 cells following hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) exposure on the expression patterns of MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-7, MMP-9, MMP-10, MMP- 11, MMP-12, MMP-14, MMP-15, MMP-17, MMP-23, MMP-28, and β-catenin genes. Methods: The mRNA transcripts in the cells were determined by RT-PCR. Following H 2 O 2 exposure, oxidative stress in the viable cells was analyzed by 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) was used to eliminate oxidative stress and the consequence of H 2 O 2 exposure and its removal on the expressions of the genes were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR. Results: The expressions of MMP-1, MMP-7, MMP-14, MMP-15, MMP-17 and β-catenin in MKN-45 cells and only the expression of MMP-15 in 23132/87 cells were increased. Removal of the oxidative stress resulted in decrease in the expressions of MMP genes of which the expressions were increased after H 2 O 2 exposure. β-catenin, a transcription factor for many genes including MMPs, also displayed decreased levels of expression in both of the cell lines following CAPE treatment. Conclusions: Our data suggest that there is a remarkable link between the accumulation of oxidative stress and the increased expressions of MMP genes in the gastric cancer cells and MMPs should be considered as potential targets of therapy in gastric cancers due to its continuous exposure to oxidative stress. | Salih Gencer Anil Cebeci Meliha Burcu Irmak-Yazicioglu | 2013 | Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2013，25，3： | 13 |
| 17 | EMT and Dissemination Precede Pancreatic Tumor Formation显示文摘 | Andrew D. Rhim Emily T. Mirek Nicole M. Aiello Anirban Maitra Jennifer M. Bailey Florencia McAllister Maximilian Reichert Gregory L. Beatty Anil K. Rustgi Robert H. Vonderheide Steven D. Leach Ben Z. Stanger | 2012 | Cell2012，，1： | 13 |
| 18 | Role of bacteria in carcinogenesis, with special reference to carcinoma of the gallbladder显示文摘Carcinoma of the gallbladder (CaGB) is the fifth commonest gastrointestinal tract cancer and is endemic in several countries. The interplay of genetic susceptibility, infections, and life style factors has been proposed to be responsible for carcinogenesis of gallbladder. Persistence of infection leading to chronic inflammation, and production of certain toxins and metabolites with carcinogenic potentials, by certain bacteria has been speculated to be involved in the transformation of the gallbladder epithelium. Therefore, any bacteria that have evolved to acquire both of the above carcinogenic mechanisms can cause cancer. Salmonella typhi has been found to be prominently associated with CaGB. Chronic typhoid carriage (persistence) and production of mediators of chronic infl ammation and a genotoxic toxin (cytotoxic distending toxin, CdtB) are also known for this bacterium. Furthermore, the natural concentrating function of the gallbladder might amplify the carcinogenic effect of the mediators of carcinogenesis. In addition to S. typhi, certain species of Helicobacter (H. bilis and H. hepaticus) and Escherichia coli have also been implicated in carcinogenesis. As the isolation rate is verypoor with the presently available culture techniques, the existence of bacteria in a viable but non-cultivable state is quite likely; therefore, sensitive and specif ic molecular techniques might reveal the etiological role of bacterial infection in gallbladder carcinogenesis. If bacteria are found to be causing cancers, then eradication of such infections might help in reducing the incidence of some cancers. | Gopal Nath Anil K Gulati Vijay K Shukla | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，43： | 12 |
| 19 | Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis:a premalignant condition?显示文摘BACKGROUND:Xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis(XGC)is an uncommon variant of chronic cholecystitis,characterized by marked thickening of the gallbladder wall and dense local adhesions.It often mimics a gallbladder carcinoma(GBC), and may coexist with GBC,leading to a diagnostic dilemma. Furthermore,the premalignant nature of this entity is not known.This study was undertaken to assess the p53,PCNA and beta-catenin expression in XGC in comparison to GBC and chronic inflammation. METHODS:Sections from paraffin-embedded blocks of surgically resected specimens of GBC(69 cases),XGC(65), chronic cholecystitis(18)and control gallbladder(10)were stained with the monoclonal antibodies to p53 and PCNA, and a polyclonal antibody to beta-catenin.p53 expression was scored as the percentage of nuclei stained.PCNA expression was scored as the product of the percentage of nuclei stained and the intensity of the staining(1-3).A cut-off value of 80 for this score was taken as a positive result. Beta-catenin expression was scored as type of expression-membranous,cytoplasmic or nuclear staining. RESULTS:p53 mutation was positive in 52%of GBC cases and 3%of XGC,but was not expressed in chronic cholecystitis and control gallbladders.p53 expression was lower in XGC than in GBC(P<0.0001).PCNA expression was seen in 65%of GBC cases and 11%of XGC,but not in chronic cholecystitis and control gallbladders.PCNA expression was higher in GBC than XGC(P=0.0001),but there was no significant difference between the XGC,chronic cholecystitis and control gallbladder groups.Beta-catenin expression was positive in the GBC,XGC, chronic cholecystitis and control gallbladder groups.But the expression pattern in XGC,chronic cholecystitis and control gallbladders was homogenously membranous,whereas in GBC the membranous expression pattern was altered to cytoplasmic and nuclear.CONCLUSION:The expression of p53,PCNA and beta-catenin in XGC was significantly different from GBC and similar to chronic cholecystitis,thus indicating the inflammatory nature of XGC and may not support a premalignant nature of the lesion. | Mila Ghosh Puja Sakhuja Anil K Agarwal | 2011 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2011，10，2： | 11 |
| 20 | 婴儿胆汁淤积症的热点问题显示文摘 | Anil Dhawan 王建设 | 2009 | 中国循证儿科杂志2009，4，2： | 11 |
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