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1植物表型组学:发展、现状与挑战显示文摘随着遥感、机器人技术、计算机视觉和人工智能的发展,植物表型组学研究已经步入了快速成长阶段。本文首先介绍了植物表型组学的发展简史,包括其理论核心、研究方法、在生物研究中的应用以及国际上最新的研究动向。然后,针对各类表型技术载体平台如手持、人载、车载、田间实时监控、大型室内外自动化平台和航空机载等,分析这些技术手段在室内、外植物研究中的应用情况和实际问题。为了对表型研究中产生的巨量图像和传感器数据进行量化分析,把大数据转化为有实际意义的性状信息和生物学知识,本文着重讨论了后期表型数据解析和相应的研发过程。最后,提出表型组学的应用前景与未来展望,以期为中国的表型研究提供指导和建议。周济 Francois Tardieu Tony Pridmore John Doonan Daniel Reynolds Neil Hall Simon Griffiths 程涛 朱艳 王秀娥 姜东 丁艳锋 2018南京农业大学学报2018,41,4:64
2C:N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the soil microbial biomass in a grazed grassland site under experimental P limitation or exces显示文摘Introduction:The availability of essential nutrients,such as nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P),can feedback on soil carbon(C)and the soil microbial biomass.Natural cycles can be supplemented by agricultural fertiliser addition,and we determined whether the stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the microbial biomass could be affected by an unbalanced nutrient supply.Methods:Samples were taken from a long-term trial(in effect since 1968)with annual applications of 0,15 and 30 kg P ha^(−1) with constant N and potassium.Soil and microbial biomass CNP contents were measured and nutrient limitation assessed by substrate-induced respiration.Linear regression and discriminant analyses were used to identify the variables explaining nutrient limitation.Results:Soil and biomass CNP increased with increasing P fertiliser,and there was a significant,positive,correlation between microbial biomass P and biomass C,apart from at the highest level of P fertilisation when the microbial biomass was over-saturated with P.The molar ratios of C:N:P in the microbial biomass remained constant(homeostatic)despite large changes in the soil nutrient ratios.Microbial growth was generally limited by C and N,except in soil with no added P when C and P were the main limiting nutrients.C,N and P,however,did not explain all the growth limitation on the soils with no added P.Conclusions:Increased soil C and N were probably due to increased net primary production.Our results confirm that C:N:P ratios within the microbial biomass were constrained(i.e.homeostatic)under near optimum soil conditions.Soils with no added P were characterised by strong microbial P limitation and soils under high P by over-saturation of microorganisms with P.Relative changes in biomass C:P can be indicative of nutrient limitation within a site.Bryan S Griffiths Annette Spilles Michael Bonkowski 2012Ecological Processes2012,1,1:23
3Role of live microbial feed supplements with reference to anaerobic fungi in ruminant productivity: A review显示文摘To keep the concept of a safe food supply to the consumers, animal feed industries world over are showing an increasing interest in the direct-fed microbials(DFM) for improved animal performance in terms of growth or productivity. This becomes all the more essential in a situation, where a number of the residues of antibiotics and/or other growth stimulants reach in milk and meat with a number of associated potential risks for the consumers. Hence, in the absence of growth stimulants, a positive manipulation of the rumen microbial ecosystem to enhance the feedstuff utilization for improved production efficiency by ruminants has become of much interest to the researchers and entrepreneurs. A few genera of live microbes(i.e., bacteria, fungi and yeasts in different types of formulations from paste to powder) are infrequently used as DFM for the domestic ruminants. These DFM products are live microbial feed supplements containing naturally occurring microbes in the rumen. Among different DFM possibilities, anaerobic rumen fungi(ARF) based additives have been found to improve ruminant productivity consistently during feeding trials. Administration of ARF during the few trials conducted, led to the increased weight gain, milk production, and total tract digestibility of feed components in ruminants. Anaerobic fungi in the rumen display very strong cell-wall degrading cellulolytic and xylanolytic activities through rhizoid development, resulting in the physical disruption of feed structure paving the way for bacterial action. Significant improvements in the fiber digestibility were found to coincide with increases in ARF in the rumen indicating their role. Most of the researches based on DFM have indicated a positive response in nutrient digestion and methane reducing potential during in vivo and/or in vitro supplementation of ARF as DFM. Therefore, DFM especially ARF will gain popularity but it is necessary that all the strains are thoroughly studied for their beneficial properties to have a confirmed ‘generally regarded as safe' status for ruminants.Anil K Puniya Abdelfattah Z M Salem Sanjay Kumar Sumit S Dagar Gareth W Griffith Monica Puniya Sreenivas R Ravella Nikhil Kumar Tejpal Dhewa Ravinder Kumar 2015Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015,14,3:17
4Non-invasive prediction of oesophageal varices in cirrhosis显示文摘Non-invasive predictors of varices in cirrhosis would reduce the need for screening endoscopies. Platelet count and spleen size have been shown to be useful parameters, in mixed groups of cirrhotics with different aetiologies. We evaluated this in two homogeneous groups with cirrhosis due to hepatitis C and alcohol. Non-invasive predictors appear promising in the former group, but less so in the latter group.Sambit Sen William JH Griffiths 2008World Journal of Gastroenterology2008,14,15:14
5A view of cloud computing显示文摘Michael Armbrust Armando Fox Rean Griffith Anthony D. Joseph Randy Katz Andy Konwinski Gunho Lee David Patterson Ariel Rabkin Ion Stoica Matei Zaharia 2010Communications of the ACM2010,,4:13
6Recent advances in electrochemistry of sulfide mineral flotation显示文摘The electrochemical basis for understanding the interaction of thiol collectors with sulfide minerals is reviewed. Spectroscopic techniques are being increasingly applied to augment electrochemical studies and provide unequivocal identification of species formed at mineral surfaces in flotation systems. These include X ray photoelectron, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and, more recently, surface enhanced Raman scattering spectroscopy. The progress that has been made in the application of electrochemical measurement to monitor and control flotation plants is also considered.R.Woods Faculty of Science and Technology, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Queensland 4111, Australia 2000中国有色金属学会会刊:英文版2000,10,S1:12
7红外光谱法和主成分分析法用于胃组织癌变的检测(英文)显示文摘研究了 2 1例胃组织光谱 ,根据病理检测结果 ,其中 11例为癌变组织 ,10例为正常组织。根据已有的红外光谱判别方法得到的结果和病理分析结果基本一致 ,只有 1例 (第 10号样品 )为过渡态 ,非典型癌症。同时对 2 1条被测光谱进行了主成分分析 (PCA)。主成分分析结果表明第一主成分可以用来区别胃正常组织和癌变组织光谱。图 4明确地显示了第 10号样品处于过渡态 ,PCA方法的判别结果与红外光谱解析结果基本一致。研究结果表明傅里叶变换红外光谱法与主成分分析方法都可以对良性和恶性胃组织进行鉴别诊断 ,如果两种方法相结合可以提高检测准确率 。Peter R Griffiths 杨虎生 李庆波 凌晓锋 王健生 杨丽敏 徐怡庄 翁诗甫 吴瑾光 2004光谱学与光谱分析2004,24,9:11
8Drying characteristics and quality of bananas under infrared radiation heating显示文摘Hot air(HA)drying of banana has low drying efficiency and results in undesirable product quality.The objectives of this research were to investigate the feasibility of infrared(IR)heating to improve banana drying rate,evaluate quality of the dried product,and establish models for predicting drying characteristics.Banana slices of 5 mm and 8 mm thickness were dried with IR and HA at product temperatures of 60℃,70℃ and 80℃.Banana drying characteristics and changes in residual polyphenol oxidase(PPO),Hydroxymethylfurfural(HMF),color,moisture content(MC)and water activity during the treatments were investigated.Results showed that significant moisture reduction and higher drying rates were achieved with IR drying compared to HA drying in the early stage.The drying data could be fitted to the Page model for accurate prediction of MC change for IR and HA drying with mean R2 of 0.983.It was noted that enzyme inactivation occurred more quickly with IR than with HA drying.A unique response of PPO under IR and HA drying was revealed.IR heating of banana inactivated PPO within the first 20 min of drying at 60℃,70℃ and 80℃,while PPO was first activated before inactivation at 60℃ and 70℃ drying with HA.The highest HMF content occurred in banana slices with 5 mm thickness dried with IR at a product temperature of 80℃.It is therefore recommendable to dry banana with IR at product temperature of 70℃ or below to preserve the product quality.These findings are new and provide more insight in the application of IR heating for drying banana for improved drying rate and product quality.Milly A.Pekke Zhongli Pan Griffiths G.Atungulu Gary Smith James F.Thompson 2013International Journal of Agricultural and Biological Engineering2013,6,3:11
9大型接地体性能的试验研究(英文)显示文摘Analytical and numerical simulation techniques have been developed for the calculation of earth resistance/ impedance and to estimate the potential distribution in the vicinity of earth electrodes.However,very little literature is available on experimental validation of these calculation techniques.To address this,a programme of experimental tests on various earth electrodes has been carried out at the lower water reservoir of a hydro pumped-storage power station in North Wales.In this paper,the earthing test facility at Dinorwig power station is described including the details of the experimental set up.The results from experimental tests on a 5 mX5 m earth grid,immersed in water and energized under ac,dc and impulse,are presented.The values of measured earth resistance/impedance and water surface potential distributions are compared with those obtained from analytical calculations and detailed numerical computer simulations.D. Guo D. Lathi H. Griffiths N. Harid A. Ainsley A. Haddad 2011高电压技术2011,37,11:11
10Modeling Delay and Packet Drop in Networked Control Systems Using Network Simulator NS2显示文摘Wireless Networked Control Systems (WNCS) are used to implement a control mechanism over a wireless network that is capable of carrying real-time traffic. This field has drawn enormous attention from current researchers because of its flexibility and robustness. However, designing efficient WNCS over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANET) is still a challenging topic because of its less-predictable aspects, such as inconsistent delay, packet drop probability, and dynamic topology. This paper presents design guidelines for WNCS over MANET using the Network Simulator version 2, NS2 software. It investigates the impact of packet delay and packet drop under the AODV and DSR routing protocols. The simulation results have been compared to MATLAB results for validation.Mohammad Shahidul Hasan Christopher Harding Alison Griffiths 2005International Journal of Automation and computing2005,2,2:9
11Identification of Differentially Senescing Mutants of Wheat and Impacts on Yield,Biomass and Nitrogen Partitioning显示文摘Increasing photosynthetic capacity by extending canopy longevity during grain filling using slow senescing stay-green genotypes is a possible means to improve yield in wheat. Ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) mutated wheat lines (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Paragon) were screened for fast and slow canopy senescence to investigate the impact on yield and nitrogen partitioning. Stay-green and fast-senescing lines with similar anthesis dates were characterised in detail. Delayed senescence was only apparent at higher nitrogen supply with low nitrogen supply enhancing the rate of senescence in all lines. In the stay-green line 3 (SG3), on a whole plant basis, tiller and seed number increased whilst thousand grain weight (TGW) decreased; although a greater N uptake was observed in the main tiller, yield was not affected. In fast-senescing line 2 (FS2), yield decreased, principally as a result of decreased TGW. Analysis of N-partitioning in the main stem indicated that although the slow-senescing line had lower biomass and consequently less nitrogen in all plant parts, the proportion of biomass and nitrogen in the flag leaf was greater at anthesis compared to the other lines; this contributed to the grain N and yield of the slow-senescing line at maturity in both the main tiller and in the whole plant. A field trial confirmed senescence patterns of the two lines, and the negative impact on yield for FS2 and a positive impact for SG3 at low N only. The lack of increased yield in the slow-senescing line was likely due to decreased biomass and additionally a possible sink limitation.Adinda P.Derkx Simon Orford Simon Griffiths M.John Foulkes Malcolm J. Hawkesford 2012Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2012,54,8:9
12黄土边坡可靠度的随机有限元分析显示文摘为了研究黄土边坡的可靠度,在对黄土强度参数进行变异性统计、概率分布检验及垂直向自相关距离计算的基础上,将黄土强度参数黏聚力和内摩擦角作为随机变量,将其在二维边坡剖面的空间变化作为随机场,用局部平均细分法将符合一定均值和标准差的强度参数按随机场分布在边坡剖面的有限元网格上,再采用弹-理想塑性有限元计算边坡稳定系数,用MonteCarlo法计算其失效概率。结果表明:黄土黏聚力的变异系数多在0.30以上,内摩擦角的变异系数多在0.20以下,且黄土高原从西向东两个参数的变异性都增大;黏聚力和内摩擦角的概率分布类型对边坡失效概率计算结果影响显著,统计检验发现黏聚力采用对数正态分布、内摩擦角采用正态分布为宜;黄土地层的垂直向自相关距离多在0.7m以内,与计算厚度的比值多小于0.2;在大部分黄土的变异系数与自相关距离水平下,采用确定场进行可靠度分析,多数情况将极大地高估了黄土边坡的失效概率,而在极端高变异系数水平下,采用确定场进行可靠度分析,又将极大地低估其失效概率。李萍 白健忠 GRIFFITHS D V 李同录 郑亚楠 2019地球科学与环境学报2019,41,1:9
13美国生物质能源资源分布及利用显示文摘生物质能源已成为当今及今后一段时期世界各国能源战略的重要组成部分。生物质能作为太阳能的一种特殊形式,众多专家学者专注于其开发和利用。美国作为全球能源消耗大国,势必将生物质能利用作为历届政府首要任务。基于为期一年的访学和调研,笔者分析了美国目前生物质能源资源分布状况,详细阐述了美国生物质能开发利用的政策框架、激励机制和资金投入。最后,对美国现有生物质能源资源及利用状况作了详细介绍,以期对全球生物质能高效开发和优化利用提供指导和借鉴。孙勇 姜永成 王应宽 郭君 Richard Griffith Min Min 2013世界农业2013,,10:9
14Evaluation of Glycosaminoglycan in the Lumbar Disc Using Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer MR at 3.0 Tesla:Reproducibility and Correlation with Disc Degeneration显示文摘Objective This study aims to explore the clinical applicability and relevance of glycosaminoglycan Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer(gag CEST) for intervertebral disc. Methods 25 subjects ranging in age from 24 yrs to 74 yrs were enrolled. gag CEST was acquired using a single-slice TSE sequence on a 3T. Saturation used a continuous rectangular RF pulse with B1=0.8 μT and a fixed duration time =1100 ms. Sagittal image was obtained firstly without saturation pulse, and then saturated images were acquired at 52 offsets ranging from ±0.125 to ±7 parts per million(ppm). MR T2 relaxivity map was acquired at the identical location. Six subjects were scanned twice to assess scan-rescan reproducibility. Results Gag CEST intraclass correlation coefficient(ICC) of six subjects was 0.759 for nucleus pulposus(NP) and 0.508 for annulus fibrosus(AF). Bland-Altman plots showed NP had a mean difference of 0.10%(95% limits of agreement:-3.02% to 3.22%); while that of AF was 0.34%(95% limits of agreement:-2.28% to 2.95%). For the 25 subjects, gag CEST in NP decreased as disc degeneration increased, with a similar trend to T2 relaxivity. Gag CEST of AF showed a better correlation with disc degeneration than T2 relaxivity. Conclusion Gag CEST in NP and AF decreased as disc degeneration increased, while gag CEST in AF showed a better correlation than T2 relaxivity.Deng Min Yuan Jing Chen Wei Tian Queenie Chan James F Griffith Wang Yi Xiang 2016Biomedical and Environmental Sciences2016,29,1:8
15骨科教程 膝关节内侧副韧带及内侧结构的损伤显示文摘内侧副韧带浅层及其他内侧的膝关节稳定结构——如,内侧副韧带深层和后斜韧带——是损伤最为多见的膝关节韧带性结构。Coen A. Wijdicks, PhD Chad J. Griffith, MD Steinar Johansen, MD Lars Engebretsen, MD, PhD Robert F. LaPrade, MD, PhD 夏志敏(译) 2010中华骨科杂志2010,30,9:8
16High-risk corneal allografts: A therapeutic challenge显示文摘Corneal transplantation is the most common surgical procedure amongst solid organ transplants with a high survival rate of 86% at 1-year post-grafting. This high success rate has been attributed to the immune privilege of the eye. However, mechanisms originally thought to promote immune privilege, such as the lack of antigen presenting cells and vessels in the cornea, are challenged by recent studies. Nevertheless, the immunological and physiological features of the cornea promoting a relatively weak alloimmune response is likely responsible for the high survival rate in 'low-risk' settings. Furthermore, although corneal graft survival in 'lowrisk' recipients is favourable, the prognosis in 'high-risk' recipients for corneal graft is poor. In 'high-risk' grafts, the process of indirect allorecognition is accelerated by the enhanced innate and adaptive immune responses due to pre-existing inflammation and neovascularization of the host bed. This leads to the irreversible rejection of the allograft and ultimately graft failure. Many therapeutic measures are being tested in pre-clinical and clinical studies to counter the immunological challenge of 'high-risk' recipients. Despite the prevailing dogma, recent data suggest that tissue matching together with use of systemic immunosuppression may increase the likelihood of graft acceptance in 'high-risk' recipients. However, immunosuppressive drugs are accompanied with intolerance/side effects and toxicity, and therefore, novel cell-based therapies are in development which target host immune cells and restore immune homeostasis without significant side effect of treatment. In addition, developments in regenerative medicinemay be able to solve both important short comings of allotransplantation:(1) graft rejection and ultimate graft failure; and(2) the lack of suitable donor corneas. The advances in technology and research indicate that wider therapeutic choices for patients may be available to address the worldwide problem of corneal blindness in both 'low-risk' and 'high-risk' hosts.Tian Yu Vijayalakshmi Rajendran May Griffith John V Forrester Lucia Kuffová 2016World Journal of Transplantation2016,6,1:7
17Shoot-Specific Down-Regulation of Protein Farnesyltransferase (α-Subunit) for Yield Protection against Drought in Canola显示文摘Canola (Brassica 马来麝 L.) 是在世界和它的种子收益上的最重要的 oilseed 庄稼之一,质量被干旱应力显著地影响。作为对水赤字的天生、适应的回答,陆地植物由植物激素 abscisic 酸(骆驼毛的织物) 的快速的生合成避免潜在的损坏,它触发有气孔的闭合减少 transpirational 水损失。调停骆驼毛的织物的有气孔的反应是一个剂量依赖者过程;因此,为完成干旱回避的一条遗传工程途径能是敏化警卫房间的应答到这荷尔蒙。最近的基因研究作为在警卫房间控制骆驼毛的织物敏感的一个关键否定管理者指出了蛋白质 farnesyltransferase。我们以前证明了编码 farnesyltransferase (ERA1 ) 的 Arabidopsis 子单元的基因的下面规定提高植物的敏感到骆驼毛的织物和干旱忍耐。尽管 farnesyltransferase (AtFTA ) 的子单元也在骆驼毛的织物察觉到被含有,使用如此的一个基因目标在庄稼植物改进干旱忍耐的有效性没被验证。这里,我们报导 Arabidopsis hydroxypyruvate reductase (AtHPR1 ) 的倡导者的鉴定和描述,它在射击并且不在象根那样的非光合的纸巾明确地表示。AtHPR1 的倡导者区域包含元素和我们证实了的很好描绘的脱水应答的行动 cis 的核心主题那 AtHPR1 表情由干旱应力是可诱导的。在用驾驶 RNAi 构造的 AtHPR1 倡导者的 canola 的 FTA 的有条件、特定的下面规定在这块地里对干旱应力导致了收益保护。用这分子的策略,我们在在这重要庄稼种设计干旱忍耐取得了重要进步。Yang Wang Michelle Beaith Maryse Chalifoux Jifeng Ying Tina Uchacz Carlene Sarvas Rebecca Griffiths Monika Kuzma Jiangxin Wan Yafan Huang 2009Molecular Plant2009,2,1:7
18土壤食细菌线虫的原位富集培养方法显示文摘采用两种孔径的尼龙网袋(1mm和5μm),将盆钵供试土壤分成内外两层,内层土壤混合猪粪或稻草,并以不添加猪粪和稻草的供试土壤作为空白;外层直接接入供试土壤,进行培养,以获取土著食细菌线虫大量富集的试验土壤。结果表明:添加基质(猪粪和稻草)显著地促进了土壤线虫的繁殖,大量繁殖的线虫通过1mm网袋迁移至外层未加基质的土壤,而采用5μm网袋则限制了线虫向外层土壤的迁移。添加猪粪的1mm网袋处理经过28d培养后,外层土壤线虫数是空白处理的9.1倍;添加稻草的1mm网袋处理经过35d培养后,外层土壤线虫数是空白处理的5.9倍。添加两种基质的5μm网袋处理,外层土壤线虫数和空白处理差异不大。添加基质主要是促进了食细菌线虫的繁殖,在培养结束时,添加猪粪的1mm网袋处理的食细菌线虫比例达到98.2%,添加稻草的1mm网袋处理的食细菌线虫比例达到90.5%,两个处理食细菌线虫的总数分别是空白处理的14.8倍和8.9倍,并且主要是Protorhabditis sp.线虫的增加。毛小芳 胡锋 陈小云 Griffiths Bryan 李辉信 2007生态学报2007,27,2:6
19The complexities underlying age-related macular degeneration: could amyloid beta play an important role?显示文摘Age-related macular degeneration(AMD) causes irreversible loss of central vision for which there is no effective treatment. Incipient pathology is thought to occur in the retina for many years before AMD manifests from midlife onwards to affect a large proportion of the elderly. Although genetic as well as non-genetic/environmental risks are recognized, its complex aetiology makes it difficult to identify susceptibility, or indeed what type of AMD develops or how quickly it progresses in different individuals. Here we summarize the literature describing how the Alzheimer's-linked amyloid beta(Aβ) group of misfolding proteins accumulate in the retina. The discovery of this key driver of Alzheimer's disease in the senescent retina was unexpected and surprising, enabling an altogether different perspective of AMD. We argue that Aβ fundamentally differs from other substances which accumulate in the ageing retina, and discuss our latest findings from a mouse model in which physiological amounts of Aβ were subretinally-injected to recapitulate salient features of early AMD within a short period. Our discoveries as well as those of others suggest the pattern of Aβ accumulation and pathology in donor aged/AMD tissues are closely reproduced in mice, including late-stage AMD phenotypes, which makes them highly attractive to study dynamic aspects of Aβ-mediated retinopathy. Furthermore, we discuss our findings revealing how Aβ behaves at single-cell resolution, and consider the long-term implications for neuroretinal function. We propose Aβ as a key element in switching to a diseased retinal phenotype, which is now being used as a biomarker for latestage AMD.Savannah A. Lynn Eloise Keeling Rosie Munday Gagandeep Gabha Helen Griffiths Andrew J.Lotery J.Arjuna Ratnayaka 2017Neural Regeneration Research2017,12,4:6
20潮汕地区农村中学生自行车伤害与相关因素的研究显示文摘目的探讨潮汕农村地区中学生自行车伤害的流行病学特征及其相关因素之间的关系,为进一步进行干预研究提供基础资料。方法采用分层整群抽样方法和自填式问卷调查,对该地区6个学校3544名中学生进行自行车伤害发生情况、骑乘自行车时的危险行为、学生及其家庭基本情况等进行调查。结果潮汕地区农村中学自行车伤害发生率为11.0%,男生高于女生,15岁中学生高于其他年龄组中学生;不同年级、性别、是否住宿和不同学校的中学生自行车伤害发生率差异均有统计学意义。84.6%的中学生上学的主要交通工具是自行车;选择不同交通方式上下学的中学生因自行车导致的伤害发生率有差异。有乘骑自行车危险行为者易发生自行车伤害(P<0.01),其中单手离把撑伞和骑车带人的行为最多,分别为1600人(69.7%)和973人(42.4%)。结论潮汕农村中学生骑乘自行车上学普遍,自行车伤害发生率高,与性别、年龄和家庭经济有关;在骑乘自行车时存在较多危险行为,提示预防和降低儿童青少年交通伤害的发生应采取针对性的措施。叶燕如 李丽萍 卢耀贵 高杨 Sian Griffiths 2009中华疾病控制杂志2009,13,5:6
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