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| 1 | What is artificial meat and what does it mean for the future of the meat industry?显示文摘The meat industry cannot respond to increases in demand by ever increasing resource use. The industry must find solutions to issues regarding animal welfare, health and sustainability and will have to do so in the face of competition from emerging non-traditional meat and protein products in an increasingly complex regulatory environment. These novel meat and protein products, otherwise known as ‘artificial meat' are utilising ground breaking technologies designed to meet the issues facing the conventional meat industry. These artificial meats, in vitro or cultured meat and meat from genetically modified organisms have no real capacity to compete with conventional meat production in the present environment. However, meat replacements manufactured from plant proteins and mycoproteins are currently the biggest competitors and are gaining a small percentage of the market. Manufactured meats may push conventional meat into the premium end of the market, and supply the bulk, cheap end of the market if conventional meat products become more expensive and the palatability and versatility of manufactured meats improve. In time the technology for other artificial meats such as meat from genetic modified organisms or cultured meat may become sufficiently developed for these products to enter the market with no complexity of the competition between meat products. Conventional meat producers can assimilate agroecology ecology concepts in order to develop sustainable animal production systems. The conventional meat industry can also benefit from assimilating biotechnologies such as cloning and genetic modification technologies, using the technology to adapt to the changing environment and respond to the increasing competition from artificial meats. Although it will depend at least partly on the evolution of conventional meat production, the future of artificial meat produced from stem cells appears uncertain at this time. | Sarah P F Bonny Graham E Gardner David W Pethick Jean-Franois Hocquette | 2015 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2015，14，2： | 15 |
| 2 | 幽门螺杆菌感染处理的当前观念——MaastrichtⅢ共识报告显示文摘名词缩写欧洲幽门螺杆菌研究小组:European Helicobacter Study Group,EHSG胃食管反流病:gastro-esophageal reflux disease。 | P Malfertheiner F Megraud C O'Morain F Bazzoli E El-Omar D Graham R Hunt T Rokkas N Vakil EJ Kuipers 朱琦 | 2007 | 胃肠病学2007，12，3： | 15 |
| 3 | Quality of life:A critical outcome for all surgical treatmentsof gastric cancer显示文摘Surgery represents the main curative therapeutic modality for gastric cancer, and it is occasionally considered for palliation as well as prophylaxis. Most frequently, surgical outcomes are conveyed in terms of oncological outcomes such as recurrence and survival.However, quality of life(Qo L) is also important and should be considered when making treatment decisions- including the extent of and approach to surgery. Measurement of Qo L usually involves the application of questionnaires. While there are multiple Qo L questionnaires validated for use in oncology patients, there are very few that have been validated for use in those with gastric cancer. In this review, we discuss and compare the current status of Qo L questionnaires in gastric cancer. More importantly, the impact of surgery for treatment, palliation and prophylaxis of gastric cancer on Qo L will be described. These data should inform the surgeon on the optimal approach to treating gastric cancer, taking into account oncological outcomes. Knowledge gaps are also identified, providing a roadmap for future studies. | Michael D McCall Peter J Graham Oliver F Bathe | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，3： | 7 |
| 4 | CD13 is a therapeutic target in human liver cancer stem cells显示文摘 | Haraguchi Naotsugu Ishii Hideshi Mimori Koshi Tanaka Fumiaki Ohkuma Masahisa Kim Ho Min Akita Hirofumi Takiuchi Daisuke Hatano Hisanori Nagano Hiroaki Barnard Graham F Doki Yuichiro Mori Masaki | 2010 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2010，，9： | 7 |
| 5 | Dementia and osteoporosis in a geriatric population: Is there a common link?显示文摘AIM To determine the existence of a common pathological link between dementia and osteoporosis through reviewing the current evidence base. METHODS This paper reviews the current literature on osteoporosis and dementia in order to ascertain evidence of a common predisposing aetiology. A literature search of Ovid MEDLINE(1950 to June 2016) was conducted. The keywords 'osteoporosis', 'osteoporotic fracture', 'dementia' and 'Alzheimer's disease'(AD) were used to determine the theoretical links with the most significant evidence base behind them. The key links were found to be vitamins D and K, calcium, thyroid disease, statins, alcohol and sex steroids. These subjects were then searched in combination with the previous terms and the resulting papers manually examined. Theoretical, in vitro and in vivo research were all used to inform this review which focuses on the most well developed theoretical common causes for dementia(predominantly Alzheimer's type) and osteoporosis.RESULTS Dementia and osteoporosis are multifaceted disease processes with similar epidemiology and a marked increase in prevalence in elderly populations. The existence of a common link between the two has been suggested despite a lack of clear pathological overlap in our current understanding. Research to date has tended to be fragmented and relatively weak in nature with multiple confounding factors reflecting the difficulties of in vivo experimentation in the population of interest. Despite exploration of various possible mechanisms in search for a link between the two pathologies, this paper found that it is possible that these associations are coincidental due to the nature of the evidence available. One finding in this review is that prior investigation into common aetiologies has found raised amyloid beta peptide levels in osteoporotic bone tissue, with a hypothesis that amyloid beta disorders are systemic disorders resulting in differing tissue manifestations. However, our findings were that the most compelling evidence of a common yet independent aetiology lies in the APOE4 allele, which is a well-established risk for AD but also carries an independent association with fracture risk. The mechanism behind this is thought to be the reduced plasma vitamin K levels in individuals exhibiting the APOE4 allele which may be amplified by the nutritional deficiencies associated with dementia, which are known to include vitamins K and D. The vitamin theory postulates that malnutrition and reduced exposure to sunlight in patients with AD leads to vitamin deficiencies. CONCLUSION Robust evidence remains to be produced regarding potential links and regarding the exact aetiology of these diseases and remains relevant given the burden of dementia and osteoporosis in our ageing population. Future research into amyloid beta, APOE4 and vitamins K and D as the most promising aetiological links should be welcomed. | Candice L Downey Adam Young Emily F Burton Simon M Graham Robert J Macfarlane Eva-Maria Tsapakis Eleftherios Tsiridis | 2017 | World Journal of Orthopedics2017，8，5： | 6 |
| 6 | Paleozoic oil–source rock correlations in the Tarim basin, NW China显示文摘 | S.C Zhang A.D Hanson J.M Moldowan S.A Graham D.G Liang E Chang F Fago | 2000 | Organic Geochemistry2000，，： | 3 |
| 7 | Reduced striatal volumes in Parkinson’s disease:a magnetic resonance imaging study显示文摘Background:The presence and extent of structural changes in the brain as a consequence of Parkinson’s disease(PD)is still poorly understood.Methods:High-resolution 3-tesla T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance images in sixty-five PD and 27 age-matched healthy control participants were examined.Putamen,caudate,and intracranial volumes were manually traced in the axial plane of 3D reconstructed images.Striatal nuclei volumes were normalized to intracranial volume for statistical comparison.Disease status was assessed using the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale and Hoehn and Yahr scale.Cognitive status was assessed using global status tests and detailed neuropsychological testing.Results:Both caudate and putamen volumes were smaller in PD brains compared to controls after adjusting for age and gender.Caudate volumes were reduced by 11%(p=0.001)and putamen volumes by 8.1%(p=0.025).PD striatal volumes were not found to be significantly correlated with cognitive or motor decline.Conclusion:Small,but significant reductions in the volume of both the caudate and putamen occur in PD brains.These reductions are independent of the effects of age and gender,however the relation of these reductions to the functional loss of dopamine,which is characteristic of PD,remains unclear. | Toni L Pitcher Tracy R Melzer Michael R MacAskill Charlotte F Graham Leslie Livingston Ross J Keenan Richard Watts John C Dalrymple-Alford Tim J Anderson | 2012 | Translational Neurodegeneration2012，1，1： | 2 |
| 8 | A new technique for the assay of infectivity of human adenovirus 5 DNA显示文摘 | van der Eb A J | 1973 | Virology1973，52，2： | 1 |
| 9 | Diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer:summary of NICE guidance显示文摘 | Graham J Baker M Macbeth F | 2008 | BMJ2008，336，： | 1 |
| 10 | Production of n-alkyl lipids in living plants and implications for the geologic past显示文摘 | Diefendorf A F Freeman K H Wing S L Graham H V | | 0，，23： | 1 |
| 11 | The ap- plication of NMR to study changes in polar metabolite concentrations in beef longissimus dorsi stored for differ- ent periods post mortem 显示文摘 | Graham S F Kennedy T Chevallier O | 2010 | Metabolomics2010，6，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin显示文摘 | Graham F Russell D | 1998 | Med Clin North Am1998，82，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Active shape models-their traing and application显示文摘 | Graham J Cootes T F Taylor C J | 1995 | Computer Vision and Image Understanding1995，61，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Risk stratification in cardiovascular disease primary prevention - scoring systems, no- vel markers, and imaging techniques 显示文摘 | Zannad F De Backer G Graham I | 2012 | Fundam Clin Pharma- col2012，26，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Determi- nants of the specificity of rotavirus interactions with the a2131 integrin显示文摘 | Fleming F E Graham K L Takada Y | 2011 | Biol Chem2011，286，8： | 1 |
| 16 | New Develop-ments in Museum-Based Informatics and Applications inBiodiversity Analysis显示文摘 | GRAHAM C H FERRIER S HUETTMAN F | 2004 | Trends in Ecology and Evolution2004，19，9： | 1 |
| 17 | A national study of clinical and laboratory factors affecting the survival of patients with multiple drug resistant tuberculosis in UK显示文摘 | Drobniewski F Eltringham I Graham C | 2002 | Thorax2002，57，9： | 1 |
| 18 | Mechanism Of action of paracetamol 显示文摘 | Graham G G Scott K F | 2005 | Am J Ther2005，12，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Consolidation modeling of soils under the test embankment at Chek Lap Kok International Airport in Hong Kong using a simplified finite element method显示文摘 | ZHU G F YIN J H GRAHAM J | 2001 | Canadian Geotechnical Journal2001，38，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Investigation of the C02 Dependence of Quantum Yield and Respiration in Eucalyptus Pauciflora 显示文摘 | Miko U F K Graham D F | 1987 | Plant Physiology1987，83，4： | 1 |
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