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| 1 | 卒中和短暂性脑缺血发作患者的卒中预防指南美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会为医疗卫生专业人员制定的指南显示文摘本更新版指南旨在为缺血性卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作存活者的卒中预防提供全面和及时的循证推荐.本指南适用于所有为上述患者提供二级预防的临床医生.这些循证推荐包括危险因素的控制、血管闭塞的干预、心源性栓塞的抗栓治疗以及非心源性栓塞性卒中的抗血小板治疗.还对各种特殊情况下复发性卒中的预防提供了推荐意见,包括主动脉弓粥样硬化、动脉夹层分离、卵圆孔未闭、高同型半胱氨酸血症、高凝状态、抗心磷脂抗体综合征、镰状细胞病、脑静脉窦血栓形成以及妊娠.此外,还有专门的章节对颅内出血后抗栓和抗凝治疗的应用以及指南的实施进行了讨论. | Walter N.Kernan Bruce Ovbiagele Henry R.Black Dawn M.Bravata Marc I.Chimowitz Michael D.Ezekowitz Margaret C.Fang Marc Fisher Karen L.Furie 洪道俊 黄招君 李小兵 周美鸿 吴成斯 王博 卢艺 吴裕臣 | 2014 | 国际脑血管病杂志2014，22，11： | 585 |
| 2 | 近50年气候变化对中国小麦生产潜力的影响分析显示文摘为了定量评估气候变化背景下中国小麦生产潜力变化主要特征和气候归因,将1961—2010年分为1961—1990年和1991—2010年2个时段,对比分析近50年气候变化背景下中国农业气候资源变化,并基于IIASA最新开发的农业生态区模型AEZ3.0模拟气候变化对中国小麦生产潜力的影响。结果表明,由于热量、水分条件以及小麦生育期的变化,近50年中国雨养和灌溉小麦单产潜力增加的区域主要为东北、华北和四川盆地,单产潜力减少的区域为西北和东南地区。中国冬小麦的适宜区域出现较明显的北扩南收态势,而雨养春小麦适宜面积在中国半湿润半干旱的过渡带显著减少。全国雨养小麦总生产潜力减少5%,而灌溉小麦总生产潜力变化不大。东北区域雨养和灌溉小麦总生产潜力增加都最为明显,是气候变化背景下实现中国小麦增产的重点区域。中国小麦生产需要合理利用气候资源和优化布局,以适应气候变化带来的影响。 | 田展 梁卓然 史军 Gunter Fisher 顾婷婷 | 2013 | 中国农学通报2013，29，9： | 38 |
| 3 | 血管内超声去肾交感神经术治疗高血压:一项多中心,国际,单盲,随机,假手术对照试验显示文摘早期研究表明,基于射频的去肾交感神经术可降低中度高血压患者的血压。研究者研究了在没有使用抗高血压药物的情况下,使用血管内超声去。肾交感神经术是否会降低高血压患者的动态血压。 | 刘青 叶鹏 Azizi M Schmieder RE Mahfoud F Weber MA Daemen J Davies J Basile J Kirtane AJ Wang Y Lobo MD Saxena M Feyz L Rader F Lurz P Sayer J Sapoval M Levy T Sanghvi K Abraham J Sharp ASP Fisher NDL Bloch MJ Reeve-Stoffer H Coleman L Mullin C Mauri L | 2018 | 中华高血压杂志2018，26，10： | 27 |
| 4 | 2016年国际抗癫痫联盟癫痫发作分类的更新及介绍显示文摘国际抗癫痫联盟(ILAE)提出了癫痫发作类型的操作性修订方案。此修订的目的包括认识到一些发作类型既可以是局灶起源亦可以为全面起源,允许临床在不能观察到发作起源的情况下进行发作分类,纳入某些尚不了解的发作类型,以及采用更加易懂的命名。由于现有知识不足以形成一个科学的分类方案,2016年的分类方案是在1981年和2010年分类的基础上进行的操作性(实用性)修订。新分类的变化包括:(1)'部分性'改为'局灶性';(2)起源未知的癫痫发作也可以归类;(3)知觉状态用作局灶性发作的区分因素;(4)删除'认知障碍性'、'简单部分性'、'复杂部分性'、'精神性'、'继发全面性'等术语;(5)认识到局灶性强直、阵挛、失张力、肌阵挛和癫痫性痉挛发作,这些发作也有双侧性类型;(6)增加了新的全面性发作类型:伴眼睑肌阵挛的失神发作,肌阵挛失神发作,肌阵挛-失张力发作,阵挛-强直-阵挛发作,癫痫性痉挛;癫痫性痉挛可以是局灶性、全面性或起源不明性;(7)双侧强直阵挛发作取代了继发全面性发作。新的分类方案并未进行根本性的改变,但可以使癫痫发作类型的命名有较大的灵活性和透明度。 | Robert S Fisher J Helen Cross 陈佳 王玉平 吴逊 | 2017 | 癫痫杂志2017，3，1： | 25 |
| 5 | 社区糖尿病患者获得社会支持与自我管理行为的相关关系显示文摘目的:探讨中国社区糖尿病患者从家人或朋友获得直接支持和间接支持的现状,以及患者获得的直接支持与间接支持水平与其自我管理行为的相关关系。方法:研究对象的数据来自'北京市通州区社区诊断(2015)'专项调查,对符合要求的474名社区糖尿病患者进行问卷调查、体格检查和糖化血红蛋白(glycated hemoglobin,Hb A1c)测量。应用糖尿病自我管理行为量表(the summary of diabetes self-care activities measure,SDSCA)对自我管理行为进行测量,应用糖尿病直接支持和间接支持量表(directive and nondirective support scale among patients with diabetes,DNSS-PD)对直接支持和间接支持水平进行测量,分析患者获得的直接支持与间接支持水平与其自我管理行为的相关关系。结果:共有452名患者纳入分析,患者获得的直接支持实际情况平均得分为2.53±1.07,27.6%患者获得的直接支持水平较高。患者获得的间接支持实际情况平均得分为3.13±1.12,50.8%患者获得的间接支持水平较高。患者SDSCA平均总得分为35.38±14.21,得分率为45.95%,仅20.6%患者自我管理的总体情况较好。直接支持水平高组患者的SDSCA平均总得分、饮食和运动维度得分、自我管理总体情况、饮食和运动维度自我管理情况显著优于直接支持水平低组。间接支持水平高组患者的SDSCA平均总得分,饮食、运动、血糖监测、足部护理、吸烟维度得分,自我管理总体情况,饮食、运动、血糖监测、足部护理以及吸烟维度自我管理情况均显著优于间接支持水平低组。性别(OR=2.729)、间接支持水平(OR=4.890)、年龄(OR=0.969)和体质指数(body msss index,BMI)(OR=0.819)是自我管理行为的重要影响因素。结论:社区糖尿病患者的自我管理情况不太理想,患者获得的间接支持水平高于直接支持水平,但均有待提升。间接支持和间接支持水平高均与糖尿病患者较好的自我管理行为相关,间接支持水平高与5个维度较好的自我管理行为均相关,直接支持水平高与较好的饮食和运动维度的自我管理行为相关。应对于社区男性老年肥胖的糖尿病患者的自我管理给予更多的关注和支持,特别是间接支持。 | 张旭熙 吴士艳 王冯彬 玛依努尔·于苏甫 孙凯歌 胡康 张幸 孙昕霙 Edwin B·FISHER | 2017 | 北京大学学报(医学版)2017，49，3： | 21 |
| 6 | 男性不育的生理和社会层面:心理治疗效果和未来研究发展趋势的综述显示文摘目前,对于男性不育症心理学治疗的研究远不及对女性的研究。本文主要综合分析了当前男性不育的心理和社会因素的研究结果,同时讨论了这些研究结果对男性不育治疗方案和今后研究方向的启示。本文系统检索到73篇研究,主要报道了男性成为父亲的意愿以及辅助生殖治疗、不育治疗失败和男性不育症诊断的心理和社会学研究。尽管这些研究的概念、方案、参数设置和数据收集千差万别,但是其结果具有合理的一致性。结果显示无论可育与否,无子女的育龄男性与同年龄段的女性一样渴望有自己的孩子。不育症诊断和就诊意愿都与不育引发的焦虑有关,同时无效的治疗能导致患者持续地情绪低迷,但是患严重精神疾病的可能性并不比正常人群高。与社会隔离的不育男性,采取逃避的社交模式,抗压能力弱,比没有这些情况的男性更容易焦虑。相较之文字信息,不育症男性更青睐面对面的交流治疗,同时他们更愿意接受专业的不育临床医生的感情支持,而不愿意寻求精神科医生、自助组织和朋友的帮助。然而,那些有组织的专业心理教育团体,尽管会经常进行说教式治疗,但还是可以给患者轻松随意地倾诉和交流自身不育经历的机会,可能会有一定的帮助。关于男性不育症的心理和社会层面,还存在很多的知识空白,比如导致不育症患者寻求、坚持和最终放弃治疗的心理因素;侵入式治疗过程的经验;辅助生殖治疗受孕后心理状况;收养和不育引起的伤心和羞辱。资源缺乏的国家基本没有任何关于不育男性心理的研究数据。 | Jane RW Fisher Karin Hammarberg | 2012 | Asian Journal of Andrology2012，14，1： | 19 |
| 7 | Beyond the Pediatric end-stage liver disease system: Solutions for infants with biliary atresia requiring liver transplant显示文摘Biliary atresia(BA), a chronic progressive cholestatic disease of infants, is the leading cause for liver transplant in children, especially in patients under two years of age. BA can be successfully treated with the Kasai portoenterostomy; however most patients still require a liver transplant, with up to one half of BA children needing a transplant by age two. In the current pediatric end-stage liver disease system, children with BA face the risk of not receiving a liver in a safe and timely manner. In this review, we discuss a number of possible solutions to help these children. We focus on two general approaches:(1) preventing/delaying need for transplantation, by optimizing the success of the Kasai operation; and(2) expediting transplantation when needed, by performing techniques other than the standard deceased-donor, whole, ABO-matched organ transplant. | Mary Elizabeth M Tessier Sanjiv Harpavat Ross W Shepherd Girish S Hiremath Mary L Brandt Amy Fisher John A Goss | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，32： | 14 |
| 8 | Delayed gastric emptying following pancreaticoduodenectomy:Incidence,risk factors,and healthcare utilization显示文摘AIM To characterize incidence and risk factors for delayed gastric emptying(DGE) following pancreaticoduodenectomy and examine its implications on healthcare utilization. METHODS A prospectively-maintained database was reviewed. DGE was classified using International Study Group of Pancreatic Surgery criteria. Patients who developed DGE and those who did not were compared. RESULTS Two hundred and seventy-six patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD)(> 80% pyloruspreserving, antecolic-reconstruction). DGE developed in 49 patients(17.8%): 5.1% grade B, 3.6% grade C. Demographic, clinical, and operative variables were similar between patients with DGE and those without. DGE patients were more likely to present multiplecomplications(32.6% vs 4.4%, ≥ 3 complications, P < 0.001), including postoperative pancreatic fistula(POPF)(42.9% vs 18.9%, P = 0.001) and intra-abdominal abscess(IAA)(16.3% vs 4.0%, P = 0.012). Patients with DGE had longer hospital stay(median, 12 d vs 7 d, P < 0.001) and were more likely to require transitional care upon discharge(24.5% vs 6.6%, P < 0.001). On multivariate analysis, predictors for DGE included POPF [OR = 3.39(1.35-8.52), P = 0.009] and IAA [OR = 1.51(1.03-2.22), P = 0.035].CONCLUSION Although DGE occurred in < 20% of patients after PD, it was associated with increased healthcare utilization. Patients with POPF and IAA were at risk for DGE. Anticipating DGE can help individualize care and allocate resources to high-risk patients. | Somala Mohammed George Van Buren II Amy Mc Elhany Eric J Silberfein William E Fisher | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2017，9，3： | 13 |
| 9 | 数字技术支持的教师学习:研究与项目综述(上)显示文摘本文在系统回顾教师知识与教师学习本质的基础上,讨论了数字技术与教师学习活动之间的关系,主张将数字技术的效用描述为教师学习中有目的的一组活动,即:知识建构、分布式认知、社群与沟通以及约定,通过对五个技术支持的教师学习的典型案例,分析了数字技术对教师学习的支持作用。最后指出了数字技术支持的教师学习与专业发展之方向。 | Tony Fisher Chris Higgins Avril Loveless 焦建利(译) | 2008 | 远程教育杂志2008，26，4： | 9 |
| 10 | Intravenous vitamin C as adjunctive therapy for enterovirus/rhinovirus induced acute respiratory distress syndrome显示文摘We report a case of virus-induced acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) treated with parenteral vitamin C in a patient testing positive for enterovirus/rhinovirus on viral screening. This report outlines the first use of high dose intravenous vitamin C as an interventional therapy for ARDS, resulting from enterovirus/rhinovirus respiratory infection. From very significant preclinical research performed at Virginia Commonwealth Universitywith vitamin C and with the very positive results of a previously performed phase Ⅰ safety trial infusing high dose vitamin C intravenously into patients with severe sepsis, we reasoned that infusing identical dosing to a patient with ARDS from viral infection would be therapeutic. We report here the case of a 20-year-old, previously healthy, female who contracted respiratory enterovirus/rhinovirus infection that led to acute lung injury and rapidly to ARDS. She contracted the infection in central Italy while on an 8-d spring break from college. During a return flight to the United States, she developed increasing dyspnea and hypoxemia that rapidly developed into acute lung injury that led to ARDS. When support with mechanical ventilation failed, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation(ECMO) was initiated. Twelve hours following ECMO initiation, high dose intravenous vitamin C was begun. The patient's recovery was rapid. ECMO and mechanical ventilation were discontinued by day-7 and the patient recovered with no long-term ARDS sequelae. Infusing high dose intravenous vitamin C into this patient with virus-induced ARDS was associated with rapid resolution of lung injury with no evidence of post-ARDS fibroproliferative sequelae. Intravenous vitamin C as a treatment for ARDS may open a new era of therapy for ARDS from many causes. | Alpha A Fowler Ⅲ Christin Kim Lawrence Lepler Rajiv Malhotra Orlando Debesa Ramesh Natarajan Bernard J Fisher Aamer Syed Christine DeWilde Anna Priday Vigneshwar Kasirajan | 2017 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2017，6，1： | 9 |
| 11 | Pancreatic cancer: Advances in treatment显示文摘Pancreatic cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality and the incidence of this disease is expected to continue increasing.While patients with pancreatic cancer have traditionally faced a dismal prognosis,over the past several years various advances in diagnosis and treatment have begun to positively impact this disease.Identification of effective combinations of existing chemotherapeutic agents,such as the FOLFIRINOX and the gemcitabine+nab-paclitaxel regimen,has improved survival for selected patients although concerns regarding their toxicity profiles remain.A better understanding of pancreatic carcinogenesis has identified several pre-malignant precursor lesions,such as pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias,intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms,and cystic neoplasms.Imaging technology has also evolved dramatically so as to allow early detection of these lesions and thereby facilitate earlier management.Surgery remains a cornerstone of treatment for patients with resectable pancreatic tumors,and advances in surgical technique have allowed patients to undergo resection with decreasing perioperative morbidity and mortality.Surgery has also become feasible in selected patients with borderline resectable tumors as a result of neoadjuvant therapy.Furthermore,pancreatectomy involving vascular reconstruction and pancreatectomy with minimally invasive techniques have demonstrated safety without significantly compromising oncologic outcomes.Lastly,a deeper understanding of molecular aberrations contributing to the development of pancreatic cancer shows promise for future development of more targeted and safe therapeutic agents. | Somala Mohammed George Van Buren Ⅱ William E Fisher | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，28： | 8 |
| 12 | Micro RNA in inflammatory bowel disease: Translational research and clinical implication显示文摘Idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) predominantly includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The pathogenesis of IBD is complex and not completely understood. Micro RNAs belong to a class of noncoding small RNAs that post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. Unique micro RNA expression profiles have been explored in IBD. In this review,we focus on the unique micro RNA expression pattern in both tissue and peripheral blood from IBD patients and emphasize the potential diagnostic and therapeutic applications. The discovery of micro RNAs has contributed to our understanding of IBD pathogenesis and might lead to clinical advance in new therapeutics. | Kurt Fisher Jingmei Lin | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，43： | 8 |
| 13 | Pancreatic endometrial cyst mimics mucinous cystic neoplasm of the pancreas显示文摘Pancreatic cysts include a variety of benign, premalignant, and malignant lesions. Endometrial cysts in the pancreas are exceedingly rare lesions that are difficult to diagnose pre-operatively. This report describes the findings in a 43-year-old patient with a recent episode of acute pancreatitis who presented with a large cyst in the tail of the pancreas. Imaging demonstrated a loculated pancreatic cyst, and cyst fluid aspiration revealed an elevated amylase and carcinoembryonic antigen. The patient experienced an interval worsening of abdominal pain, fatigue, diarrhea, and a 15-pound weight loss 3 mo after the initial episode of pancreatitis. With concern for a possible pre-malignant lesion, the patient underwent a laparoscopic distal pancreatectomy with splenectomy, which revealed a 16cm×12cm×4cm lesion. Final histopathology was consistent with an intra-pancreatic endometrial cyst. Here we discuss the overlapping imaging and laboratory features of pancreatic endometrial cysts and mucinous cystic neoplasms of the pancreas. | Michael A Mederos Nicole Villafane Sadhna Dhingra Carlos Farinas Amy Mc Elhany William E Fisher George Van Buren II | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，6： | 7 |
| 14 | 颈动脉斑块病理学:血栓、溃疡和卒中的发病机制 | Fisher M. Paganini-Hill A. Martin A. 赵正卿 | 2005 | 世界核心医学期刊文摘(神经病学分册)2005，0，7： | 6 |
| 15 | Pancreatitis: Preventing catastrophic haemorrhage显示文摘Pancreatitis represents nearly 3% of acute admissions to general surgery in United Kingdom hospitals and has a mortality of around 1%-7% which increases to around 10%-18% in patients with severe pancreatitis. Patients at greatest risk were those identified to have infected pancreatic necrosis and/or organ failure. This review seeks to highlight the potential vascular complications associated with pancreatitis that despite being relatively uncommon are associated with mortality in the region of 34%-52%. We examine the current evidence base to determine the most appropriate method by which to image and treat pseudo-aneurysms that arise as the result of acute and chronic inflammation of pancreas. We identify how early recognition of the presence of a pseudo-aneurysm can facilitate expedited care in an expert centre of a complex pathology that may require angiographic, percutaneous, endoscopic or surgical intervention to prevent catastrophic haemorrhage. | Richard PT Evans Moustafa Mabrouk Mourad Gunraj Pall Simon G Fisher Simon R Bramhall | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，30： | 6 |
| 16 | 给断奶仔猪饲喂颗粒料加粉料的混合料显示文摘断奶仔猪的日粮多为颗粒料.当然,这有很多理由,不仅仅是因为采用颗粒料可减少饲料浪费并提高养分的消化率.采用颗粒料的结果就是饲料利用率可得到改善,并且因而生长率也可在断奶后最初几周这一关键时期内改善5~15%.美国300多万头断奶猪今年不再简单地接受颗粒饲料,它们在进入保育舍内最初几天内被喂给一种颗粒料和粉料的混合料. | 刘建辉 Ioannis Mavromichalis Rich Fisher | 2003 | 国外畜牧学(猪与禽)2003，，2： | 6 |
| 17 | Hepatic intra-arterial infusion of yttrium-90 microspheres in the treatment of recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after liver transplantation: A case report显示文摘Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) recurs with a reported frequency of 12%-18% after liver transplantation. Recurrence is associated with a mortality rate exceeding 75%. Approximately one-third of recurrences develop in the transplanted liver and are therefore amenable to local therapy. A variety of treatment modalities have been reported including resection, transarterial chemo- embolization (TACE), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), ethanol ablation, cryoablation, and external beam irradiation. Goals of treatment are tumor control and the minimization of toxic effect to functional parenchyma. Efficacy of treatment is mitigated by the need for ongoing immunosuppression. Yttrium-90 microspheres have been used as a treatment modality both for primary HCC and for pre-transplant management of HCC with promising results. Twenty-two months after liver transplantation for hepatitis C cirrhosis complicated by HCC, a 42-year old man developed recurrence of HCC in his transplant allograft. Treatment of multiple right lobe lesions with anatomic resection and adjuvant chemotherapy was unsuccessful. Multifocal recurrence in the remaining liver allograft was treated with hepatic intra-arterial infusion of yttrium-90 microspheres (SIR-Spheres, Sirtex Medica Inc., Lake Forest, IL, USA). Efficacy was demonstrated by tumor necrosis on imaging and a decrease in alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level. There were no adverse consequences of initial treatment. | Louis Rivera Huan Giap William Miller Jonathan Fisher Donald J Hillebrand Christopher Marsh Randolph L Schaffer | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，35： | 6 |
| 18 | Superior growth performance in broiler chicks fed chelated compared to inorganic zinc in presence of elevated dietary copper显示文摘Background: The goal of this study was to compare the antagonism of elevated dietary Cu(250 mg/kg) from Cu SO4 on three different Zn sources(Zn SO4· H2O; [Zn bis(-2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid)], Zn(HMTBa)2,a chelated Zn methionine hydroxy analogue; and Zn-Methionine), as measured using multiple indices of animal performance in ROSS 308 broilers.Methods: Three experiments were conducted in broiler chicks fed a semi-purified diet. Al birds were fed a Zn-deficient diet(8.5 mg/kg diet) for 1 wk, and then provided with the experimental diets for 2 wks.Results: Experiment 1 was a 2 × 2 factorial design with two levels of Cu(8 vs. 250 mg/kg diet from Cu SO4) and two Zn sources at 30 mg/kg [Zn SO4· H2 O vs. Zn(HMTBa)2]. Elevated Cu impaired growth performance only in birds fed Zn SO4.Compared to Zn SO4· H2 O, Zn(HMTBa)2improved feed intake(12 %; P < 0.001) and weight gain(12 %, P < 0.001) and the benefits were more pronounced in the presence of 250 mg/kg diet Cu. Experiment 2 was a dose titration of Zn SO4· H2 O and Zn(HMTBa)2at 30, 45, 60, and 75 mg/kg diet in the presence of 250 mg/kg Cu SO4. Feed:gain was decreased and tibia Zn was increased with increasing Zn levels from 30 to 75 mg/kg. Birds fed Zn(HMTBa)2consumed more food and gained more weight compared to birds fed Zn SO4, especially at lower supplementation levels(30 and45 mg/kg; interaction P < 0,05). Experiment 3 compared two organic Zn sources(Zn(HMTBa)2vs. Zn-Methionine)at 30 mg/kg with or without 250 mg/kg Cu SO4. No interactions were observed between Zn sources and Cu levels on performance or tissue mineral concentrations. High dietary Cu decreased weight gain(P < 0.01). Tibia Cu and liver Cu were significantly increased with 250 mg/kg dietary Cu supplementation(P < 0.01). No difference was observed between the two Zn sources.Conclusions: Dietary 250 mg/kg Cu significantly impaired feed intake and weight gain in birds fed Zn SO4· H2 O,but had less impact in birds fed Zn(HMTBa)2. No difference was observed between the two organic zinc sources.These results are consistent with the hypothesis that chelated organic Zn is better utilized than inorganic zinc in the presence of elevated Cu. | Junmei Zhao Robert B. Shirley Julia J. Dibner Karen J. Wedekind Frances Yan Paula Fisher Thomas R. Hampton Joseph L. Evans Mercedes Vazquez-Anon | 2016 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2016，7，4： | 6 |
| 19 | 卒中治疗专业学术圆桌会议临床前推荐更新版显示文摘首份卒中治疗专业学术圆桌会议(Stroke Yherapy Academic Industry Roundtable,STAIR)推荐于1999年出版,旨在提高潜在的急性卒中治疗方法的临床前研究质量。虽然这些推荐意见被认为是合理的,但并未得到严格的遵循和验证。为了更好地向临床转化,有关候选急性卒中疗法的临床前试验的质量和广度已取得实质性进展。更新后的STAIR临床前推荐进一步强调了最初提出的建议,即通过适当的生理学监测在多种动物物种中采用组织学和功能结局来确定可重复的剂量反应和时间窗。更新后的STAIR推荐意见包括:高质量科学研究的基本原则应消除随机和评价偏倚,预先确定纳入和排除标准,计算合适的效能和样本量,并公开潜在的利益冲突。应在年轻的健康雄性动物中进行初步评价之后,在雌性、高龄动物和伴有合并症(如高血压、糖尿病和高胆固醇血症)的动物中做进一步研究。此外还要在动物实验中应用临床相关生物学标志物。尽管只有通过临床试验产生基于此的有效疗法之后才能证实该推荐意见的有效性,但遵循这些推荐有望提高成功的机会。 | Marc Fisher Giora Feuerstein David W. Howells Patricia D. Hum Thomas A. Kent Sean I. Savitz Eng H. Lo 吕志宿(译) 罗本燕(译) | 2009 | 国际脑血管病杂志2009，17，8： | 5 |
| 20 | Effects of radiotherapy with concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide versus radiotherapy alone on survival in glioblastoma in a randomised phase III study: 5-year analysis of the EORTC-NCIC trial显示文摘 | Roger Stupp Monika E Hegi Warren P Mason Martin J van den Bent Martin JB Taphoorn Robert C Janzer Samuel K Ludwin Anouk Allgeier Barbara Fisher Karl Belanger Peter Hau Alba A Brandes Johanna Gijtenbeek Christine Marosi Charles J Vecht Karima Mokhtari Piet | 2009 | Lancet Oncology2009，，5： | 4 |
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