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| 1 | The Chrysanthemum nankingense Genome Provides Insights into the Evolution and Diversification of Chrysanthemum Flowers and Medicinal Traits显示文摘The Asteraceae (Compositae),a large plant family of approximately 24 000-35 000 species,accounts for^10% of all angiosperm species and contributes a lot to plant diversity.The most representative members of the Asteraceae are the economically important chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum L.)that diversified through reticulate evolution.Biodiversity is typically created by multiple evolutionary mechanisms such as wholegenome duplication 0NGD)or polyploidization and locally repetitive genome expansion.However,the lack of genomic data from chrysanthemum species has prevented an in-depth analysis of the evolutionary mechanisms involved in their diversification.Here,we used Oxford Nanopore long-read technologyto sequence the diploid Chrysanthemum nankingense genome,which represents one of the progenitor genomes of domesticated chrysanthemums.Our analysis revealed that the evolution of the C.nankingense genome was driven by bursts of repetitive element expansion and WGD events including a recentWGD that distinguishes chrysanthemum from sunflower,which diverged from chrysanthemum approximately 38.8 million years ago.Variations of ornamental and medicinal traits in chrysanthemums are linked to the expansion of candidate gene families by duplication events including paralogous gene duplication.Collectively,our study of the assembled reference genome offers new knowledge and resources to dissect the history and pattern of evolution and diversification of chrysanthemum plants,and also to accelerate their breeding and improvement. | Chi Song Yifei Liu Aiping Song Gangqiang Dong Hongbo Zhao Wei Sun Shyam Ramakrishnan Ying Wang Shuaibin Wang Tingzhao Li Yan Niu Jiafu Jiang Bin Dong Ye Xia Sumei Chen Zhigang Hu Fadi Chen Shilin Chen | 2018 | Molecular Plant2018，11，12： | 24 |
| 2 | Raman tensor of AlN bulk single crystal显示文摘The angle dependence of optical phonon modes of an AlN bulk single crystal from the m-plane(1100) and c-plane(0001) surfaces, respectively, is investigated by polarized Raman spectroscopy in a backscattering configuration at room temperature. Corresponding Raman selection rules are derived according to measured scattering geometries to illustrate the angle dependence. The angle-dependent intensities of phonon modes are discussed and compared to theoretical scattering intensities, yielding the Raman tensor elements of A1(TO), E22, E1(TO), and A1(LO) phonon modes and the relative phase difference between the two complex elements of A1(TO). Furthermore, the Raman tensor of wurtzite AlN is compared with that of wurtzite ZnO reported in previous work, revealing the intrinsic differences of lattice vibration dynamics between AlN and ZnO. | Wei Zheng Ruisheng Zheng Feng Huang Honglei Wu Fadi Li | 2015 | Photonics Research2015，3，2： | 9 |
| 3 | Security and privacy issues of physical objects in the IoT:Challenges and opportunities显示文摘In the Internet of Things(IoT),security and privacy issues of physical objects are crucial to the related applications.In order to clarify the complicated security and privacy issues,the life cycle of a physical object is divided into three stages of pre-working,in-working,and post-working.On this basis,a physical object-based security architecture for the IoT is put forward.According to the security architecture,security and privacy requirements and related protecting technologies for physical objects in different working stages are analyzed in detail.Considering the development of IoT technologies,potential security and privacy challenges that IoT objects may face in the pervasive computing environment are summarized.At the same time,possible directions for dealing with these challenges are also pointed out. | Xuanxia Yao Fadi Farha Rongyang Li Ismini Psychoul Liming Chen Huansheng Ning | 2021 | Digital Communications and Networks2021，7，3： | 3 |
| 4 | Hexagonally arranged arrays of urchin-like Ag hemispheres decorated with Ag nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering substrates显示文摘The surface topography of noble metal particles is a significant factor in tailoring surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) properties. Here, we present a simple fabrication route to hexagonally arranged arrays of surface-roughened urchin- like Ag hemispheres (Ag-HSs) decorated with Ag nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) for highly active and reproducible SERS substrates. The urchin-like Ag-HS arrays are achieved by sputtering Ag onto the top surface of a highly ordered porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) template to form ordered arrays of smooth Ag-HSs and then by electrodepositing Ag-NPs onto the surface of each Ag-HS. Owing to the ordered arrangement of the Ag-HSs and the improved surface roughness, the urchin-like hierarchical Ag-HS arrays can provide sufficient and uniform "hot spots" for reproducible and highly active SERS effects. Using the urchin-like Ag-HS arrays as SERS substrates, 10-7 M dibutyl phthalate (a member of plasticizers family) and 1.5 × 10-5 M PCB-77 (one congener of polychlorinated biphenyl, a notorious class of pollutants) are identified, showing promising potential for these substrates in the rapid recognition of organic pollutants. | Haibin Tang Guowen Meng Zhongbo Li Chuhong Zhu Zhulin Huang Zhaoming Wang Fadi Li | 2015 | Nano Research2015，8，7： | 3 |
| 5 | Raman spectroscopy regulation in van der Waals crystals显示文摘Raman spectroscopy is a versatile tool widely used for comprehensive probing of crystal information. However,generally when applied in narrow-band-gap van der Waals crystals, it is liable to form a 'bug,' especially in transition-metal-dichalcogenides(TMDs). That is, several resonant Raman-scattering(RS) modes will inevitably appear in the Raman spectra with strong intensity, interfering with the desired signal of optical-phonon modes.Here, we propose cross-sectional polarized Raman scattering capable of regulating the intensity of RS modes in accordance with quasi-sinusoidal rules. Typically, for MoS_2 and WS_2, when the polarization vector of excited light is along the c axis of the crystal, all RS modes are nearly completely 'expunged' from the Raman spectra. The mechanism is that the absorption of most TMDs with a space group of R_(3m)for the light polarized along the c axis is infinitesimal, thus forming a small coupling intensity of electronic states excited optically and acoustic-phonon modes at point M, which in turn restrain the appearance of RS modes. The regulating strategy proposed can be applied to other van der Waals crystals so as to obtain a high signal-to-noise ratio Raman spectrum. | WEI ZHENG YANMING ZHU FADI LI FENG HUANG | 2018 | Photonics Research2018，，11： | 3 |
| 6 | Elucidation of “phase difference” in Raman tensor formalism显示文摘The so-called 'phase difference' is commonly introduced as a phenomenological parameter in Raman tensor theory, so as to fit the experimental data well. Although phase difference is widely recognized as an intrinsic property of crystals, its physics still remains ambiguous. Recently, Kranert et al. have presented a new formalism to explain the origin of phase difference theoretically. Here, we systematically conducted experimental research with polar phonons in wurtzite crystals, the results of which strongly suggest that the phase difference should be predetermined in a Raman tensor, rather than be treated as Raman tensor elements traditionally or as an intrinsic property. On the grounds of pinpointing existing logical flaws in Raman tensor study, we provide a logically clear paradigm. | WEI ZHENG JINGSHEN YAN FADI LI FENG HUANG | 2018 | Photonics Research2018，6，7： | 3 |
| 7 | Characterization and mitigation option of greenhouse gas emissions from lactating Holstein dairy cows in East China显示文摘Background:This study investigated greenhouse gas(GHG)emission characteristics of lactating Holstein dairy cows in East China and provided a basis for formulating GHG emission reduction measures.GreenFeed system was used to measure the amount of methane(CH_(4))and carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emitted by the cows through respiration.Data from a commercial cow farm were used to observe the effects of parity,body weight,milk yield,and milk component yield on CH_(4) and CO_(2) emissions.Results:Mean herd responses throughout the study were as follows:111 cows completed all experimental processes,while 42 cows were rejected because they were sick or had not visited the GreenFeed system 20 times.On average,lactating days of cows was 138±19.04 d,metabolic weight was 136.5±9.5 kg,parity was 2.8±1.0,dry matter intake(DMI)was 23.1±2.6 kg/d,and milk yield was 38.1±6.9 kg/d.The GreenFeed system revealed that CH_(4) production(expressed in CO_(2) equivalent,CO_(2)-eq)was found to be 8304 g/d,CH_(4)_(CO_(2)−eq)/DMI was 359 g/kg,CH_(4)_(CO_(2)−eq)/energy-corrected milk(ECM)was 229.5 g/kg,total CO_(2) production(CH_(4) production plus CO_(2) production)was 19,201 g/d,total CO_(2)/DMI was 831 g/kg,and total CO_(2)/ECM was 531 g/kg.The parity and metabolic weight of cows had no significant effect on total CO_(2) emissions(P>0.05).Cows with high milk yield,milk fat yield,milk protein yield,and total milk solids yield produced more total CO_(2)(P<0.05),but their total CO_(2) production per kg of ECM was low(P<0.05).The total CO_(2)/ECM of the medium and high milk yield groups was 17%and 27%lower than that of the low milk yield group,respectively.Conclusions:The parity and body condition had no effect on total CO_(2) emissions,while the total CO_(2)/ECM was negatively correlated with milk yield,milk fat yield,milk protein yield,and total milk solids yield in lactating Holstein dairy cows.Measurement of total CO_(2) emissions of dairy cows in the Chinese production system will help establish regional or national GHG inventories and develop mitigation approaches to dairy production regimes. | Peng Jia Yan Tu Zhihao Liu Qi Lai Fadi Li Lifeng Dong Qiyu Diao | 2022 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2022，13，6： | 2 |
| 8 | Transforming growth factor-β inhibits myocardial PPARγ expression in pressure overload-induced cardiac fibrosis and remodeling in mice显示文摘 | Kaizheng Gong Yiu-Fai Chen Peng Li Jason A. Lucas Fadi G. Hage Qinglin Yang Susan E. Nozell Suzanne Oparil Dongqi Xing | 2011 | Journal of Hypertension2011，，9： | 1 |
| 9 | CmMLO17 and its partner CmKIC potentially support Alternaria alternata growth in Chrysanthemum morifolium显示文摘The Mildew Resistance Locus O(MLO)gene family has been investigated in many species.However,there are few studies on chrysanthemum MLO genes.We report in this study that CmMLO17 in Chrysanthemum morifolium was upregulated after Alternaria alternata infection.Silencing of CmMLO17 by artificial microRNA resulted in reduced susceptibility of chrysanthemum to A.alternata infection.Genes in the abscisic acid(ABA)and Ca 2+signaling pathways were upregulated in the CmMLO17-silenced line R20 compared to the wild-type plants.We speculated that CmMLO17-silenced plants had a faster and stronger defense response that was mediated by the ABA and Ca 2+signaling pathways,resulting in reduced susceptibility of chrysanthemum to A.alternata infection.In addition,a candidate gene,CmKIC,that may interact with CmMLO17 was discovered by the yeast two-hybrid assay.The interaction between CmMLO17 and CmKIC was confirmed using the yeast two-hybrid assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation(BiFC)analysis.CmMLO17 and CmKIC were both located on the plasma membrane,and CmKIC was also located on the nucleus.CmKIC overexpression increased the susceptibility of chrysanthemum to A.alternata,whereas CmKIC silencing resulted in reduced susceptibility.Therefore,CmMLO17 and CmKIC may work together in C.morifolium to support the growth of A.alternata.The results of this study will provide insight into the potential function of MLO and improve the understanding of plant defense responses to necrotrophic pathogens. | Jingjing Xin Ye Liu Huiyun Li Sumei Chen Jiafu Jiang Aiping Song Weimin Fang Fadi Chen | 2021 | Horticulture Research2021，8，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Chrysanthemum CmWRKY53 negatively regulates the resistance of chrysanthemum to the aphid Macrosiphoniella sanborni显示文摘Chrysanthemum is frequently attacked by aphids,which greatly hinders the growth and ornamental value of this plant species.WRKY transcription factors play an important role in the response to biotic stresses such as pathogen and insect stresses.Here,chrysanthemum CmWRKY53 was cloned,and its expression was induced by aphid infestation.To verify the role of CmWRKY53 in resistance to aphids,CmWRKY53 transgenic chrysanthemum was generated.CmWRKY53 was found to mediate the susceptibility of chrysanthemum to aphids.The expression levels of secondary metabolite biosynthesis genes,such as peroxidase-and polyphenol oxidase-encoding genes,decreased in CmWRKY53-overexpressing(CmWRKY53-Oe)plants but dramatically increased in chimeric dominant repressor(CmWRKY53-SRDX)plants,suggesting that CmWRKY53 contributes to the susceptibility of chrysanthemum to aphids,possibly due to its role in the regulation of secondary metabolites. | Wanwan Zhang Tianwei Gao Peiling Li Chang Tian Aiping Song Jiafu Jiang Zhiyong Guan Weimin Fang Fadi Chen Sumei Chen | 2020 | Horticulture Research2020，7，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Effects of inoculating feruloyl esterase-producing Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A1 on ensiling characteristics,in vitro ruminal fermentation and microbiota of alfalfa silage显示文摘Background Ferulic acid esterase(FAE)-secreting Lactiplantibacillus plantarum A1(Lp A1)is a promising silage inoculant due to the FAE’s ability to alter the plant cell wall structure during ensiling,an action that is expected to improve forage digestibility.However,little is known regarding the impacts of Lp A1 on rumen microbiota.Our research assessed the influences of Lp A1 in comparison to a widely adopted commercial inoculant Lp MTD/1 on alfalfa’s ensilage,in vitro rumen incubation and microbiota.Results Samples of fresh and ensiled alfalfa treated with(either Lp A1 or Lp MTD/1)or without additives(as control;CON)and ensiled for 30,60 and 90 d were used for fermentation quality,in vitro digestibility and batch culture study.Inoculants treated silage had lower(P<0.001)pH,acetic acid concentration and dry matter(DM)loss,but higher(P=0.001)lactic acid concentration than the CON during ensiling.Compared to the CON and Lp MTD/1,silage treated with Lp A1 had lower(P<0.001)aNDF,ADF,ADL,hemicellulose,and cellulose contents and higher(P<0.001)free ferulic acid concentration.Compared silage treated with Lp MTD/1,silage treated with Lp A1 had significantly(P<0.01)improved ruminal gas production and digestibility,which were equivalent to those of fresh alfalfa.Realtime PCR analysis indicated that Lp A1 inoculation improved the relative abundances of rumen’s total bacteria,fungi,Ruminococcus albus and Ruminococcus flavefaciens,while the relative abundance of methanogens was reduced by Lp MTD/1 compared with CON.Principal component analysis of rumen bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons showed a clear distinction between CON and inoculated treatments without noticeable distinction between Lp A1 and Lp MTD/1 treatments.Comparison analysis revealed differences in the relative abundance of some bacteria in different taxa between Lp A1 and Lp MTD/1 treatments.Silage treated with Lp A1 exhibited improved rumen fermentation characteristics due to the inoculant effects on the rumen microbial populations and bacterial community.Conclusions Our findings suggest that silage inoculation of the FAE-producing Lp A1 could be effective in improving silage quality and digestibility,and modulating the rumen fermentation to improve feed utilization. | Fuhou Li Samaila Usman Wenkang Huang Mengya Jia Zohreh Akhavan Kharazian Tao Ran Fadi Li Zitong Ding Xusheng Guo | 2023 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2023，14，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Elucidation of“phase difference”in Raman tensor formalism:erratum显示文摘This erratum corrects the errors that appeared in Photon.Res.6,709(2018)associated with the polarization description of the experimental optical path,as well as the image errors. | WEI ZHENG JINGSHEN YAN FADI LI FENG HUANG | 2020 | Photonics Research2020，8，3： | 0 |
| 13 | Raman tensor of AIN bulk single crystal:erratum显示文摘This erratum corrects errors that appeared in Photon.Res.3,38(2015)related to the polarization of the experimental optical path and a few typos. | WEI ZHENG RUISHENG ZHENG FIENG HUANG HONGLEI Wu FADI LI | 2020 | Photonics Research2020，8，3： | 0 |
| 14 | Raman spectroscopy regulation in van der Waals crystals:publisher's note显示文摘 | WEI ZHENG YANMING ZHU FADI LI FENG HUANG | 2018 | Photonics Research2018，6，12： | 0 |
| 15 | Variation for Resistance to Alternaria tenuissima and Potential Structural Mechanism among Different Cultivars of Chrysanthemum morifolium显示文摘Black spot disease,caused by the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria tenuissima(Fr.)Wiltsh(A.tenuissima),is considered a highly destructive disease of Chrysanthemum(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.).A set of 17 accessions of commercial chrysanthemum cultivars were evaluated for resistance to A.tenuissima by seedling artificial inoculation.It was found that the reaction of the accessions to artificial inoculation ranged from resistant to highly susceptible.Five varieties of chrysanthemum(‘Zhongshan Taogui’,‘Jinba’,‘Zhongshan Jinguan’,‘Jinling Wanhuang’and‘Jinling Yangguang’)were resistant;two varieties of chrysanthemum(‘Zhongshan Xinggui’and‘Zhongshan Jinkui’)were moderately resistant;and others were susceptible to various degrees,four varieties of chrysanthemum(‘Zhongshan Zihe’,‘Zhongshan Jiuhong’,‘Zaoyihong’and‘Jinling Jiaohuang’)were highly susceptible,especially.Some leaf morphological features of two resistant and two highly susceptible cultivars were further researched.Trichome density,length,height,gland size and stomata density were found to be associated with plant passive resistance.Resistant varieties that were identified in present study will be promising germplasm for exploitation of breeding programmes aimed at developing A.tenuissima-resistant cultivars and increasing genetic diversity. | Huiyun Li Ye Liu Sumei Chen Jiafu Jiang Aiping Song Weimin Fang Fadi Chen | 2020 | Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany2020，89，4： | 0 |
| 16 | Interaction between MAPKs and MKPs in hexaploid chrysanthemum illuminates functional paralogue diversification in polyploids显示文摘Mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs,also known as MPKs)regulate diverse cellular and physiological functions,and dual-specificity MAPK phosphatases(MKPs)modulate MAPK signalling through MAPK dephosphorylation and inactivation.Due to lacking of overall understanding for the regulatory networks between Chrysanthemum morifolium MKPs(CmMKPs)and C.morifolium MAPKs(CmMPKs),we systematically studied the interactions between four groups of CmMPKs and eight identified CmMKPs in chrysanthemum and found that the interaction between the specific CmMKP and the specific CmMPK differed from those in other plants.Furthermore,the expression of CmMKP1 and CmMKP1-LIKE1showed opposite trends during the development of chrysanthemum flower buds under salt treatment and Alternaria alternata inoculation,but these genes could interact with the same CmMPKs,providing insight into the subfunctionalization of paralogues.Amino acid variations(M87V,T277P and V6L)in dual-specificity protein phosphatases(DsPTP1)-LIKE1/2/3 changed the interactions of these proteins with the four CmMPK groups in chrysanthemum,providing evidence for the de/neofunctionalization of paralogues in polyploids,suggesting that we can identify the key functional sites of proteins by studying polyploid paralogues. | Qi Yu Luyao Zhang Daojin Sun Yueheng Hu Peiling Li Xue Zhang Lian Ding Lijie Zhou Zhiyong Guan Weimin Fang Fadi Chen Aiping Song | 2023 | Horticultural Plant Journal2023，9，1： | 0 |
| 17 | B Class Floral Homeotic Genes are Involved in the Petal Identity and Flower Meristem Determinations in Chrysanthemum morifolium显示文摘Chrysanthemum morifolium,an ornamental crop with diverse forms of inflorescence,is a good model for studying flower development in Asteraceae.However,the genetic background is complex and the mechanisms of regulating flower development are still unclear.Here,we identified two natural mutant lines of chrysanthemum and named them M1 and M2 according to the severity of the phenotype.Both lines showed defects in petal identity,and the petals of the M1 line had a mild phenotype:partially loss of petal identity and conversion of petals into green,leaf-like organs.The M2 line had severe phenotypes:in addition to severe petal defects,secondary inflorescences were produced in the capitulum to replace the normal ray and disc florets,which indicated a transformation of a flower meristem into an inflorescence meristem.Transcriptome sequencing of WT and M2 inflorescences was performed and found altered expression of floral organ development A,B and E class genes,where B and E class genes were significantly down-regulated.qRT-PCR analysis in both M1 and M2 lines revealed that the expression of three chrysanthemum class B genes CmAP3.1,CmAP3.2 and CmPI,was negatively correlated with phenotypic severity.This suggests that class B genes in chrysanthemum not only have conserved functions in determining petal identity but also were involved in the determinacy of the flower meristem.This study provides insights into the functions of class B genes in flower development,and is informative for dissecting the molecular mechanisms of flower development in chrysanthemum. | Jiayou Liu Lian Ding Xue Zhang Song Li Yunxiao Guan Diwen Jia Aiping Song Jiafu Jiang Fadi Chen | 2023 | Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany2023，92，2： | 0 |
| 18 | Brassinosteroid Biosynthetic Gene CmDWF4 Regulates Bud Outgrowth in Chrysanthemum morifolium显示文摘Brassinosteroids(BRs),a class of steroid phytohormones,play a critical role in plant growth and development.The DWF4 gene encodes a cytochrome P450 enzyme(CYP90B1),which is considered a rate-limiting enzyme in BR biosynthesis.Here,we identified a homologous gene of DWF4 in chrysanthemum,CmDWF4.This gene was predicted to encode 491 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 56.2 kDa and an isoelectric point(pI)of 9.10.Overexpression of CmDWF4 in chrysanthemum was found to significantly increase growth rate,number,and length of lateral buds.Transcriptome analysis showed that multiple xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase(XTH)family encoding genes associated with cell wall modification were up-regulated in CmDWF4-overexpressing lines.qRT-PCR assay confirmed the up-regulation of CmXTH6,CmXTH23,and CmXTH28 in CmDWF4-overexpression line.Overall,this work establishes a mechanism by which BR biosynthetic gene CmDWF4 promotes lateral bud outgrowth in chrysanthemum,possibly through regulating cell elongation and expansion. | Xianrong Fu Aiping Song Bo Peng Song Li Weixin Liu Lingling Zhang Jiafu Jiang Sumei Chen Fadi Chen | 2023 | Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany2023，92，6： | 0 |
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