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1Neuroendocrine tumors of the gastro-entero-pancreatic system显示文摘Gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare neoplasms, although their prevalence has increased substantially over the past three decades. Moreover, there has been an increased clinical recognition and characterization of these neoplasms. They show extremely variable biological behavior and clinical course. Most NETs have endocrine function and secrete peptides and neuroamines that cause distinct clinical syndromes, including carcinoid syndrome; however, many are clinically silent until late presentation with mass effects. Investigation and management should be individualized for each patient, taking into account the likely natural history of the tumor and general health of the patient. Management strategies include surgery for cure or palliation, and a variety of other cytoreductive techniques, and medical treatment including chemotherapy, and biotherapy to control symptoms due to hormone release and tumor growth, with somatostatin analogues (SSAs) and alphainterferon. New biological agents and somatostatintagged radionuclides are under investigation. Advances in the therapy and development of centers of excellence which coordinate multicenter studies, are needed to improve diagnosis, treatment and therefore survival of patients with GEP NETs.Sara Massironi Valentina Sciola Maddalena Peracchi Clorinda Ciafardini Matilde Pia Spampatti Dario Conte 2008World Journal of Gastroenterology2008,14,35:44
2Non-invasive assessment of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis B显示文摘The goal of this review is to provide a comprehensive picture of the role,clinical applications and future perspectives of the most widely used non-invasive techniques for the evaluation of hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection.During the past decade many non-invasive methods have been developed to reduce the need for liver biopsy in staging fibrosis and to overcome whenever possible its limitations,mainly:invasiveness,costs,low reproducibility,poor acceptance by patients.Elastographic techniques conceived to assess liver stiffness,in particular transient elastography,and the most commonly used biological markers will be assessed against their respective role and limitations in staging hepatic fibrosis.Recent evidence highlights that both liver stiffness and some bio-chemical markers correlatewith survival and major clinical end-points such as liver decompensation,development of hepatocellular carcinoma and portal hypertension.Thus the non-invasive techniques here discussed can play a major role in the management of patients with chronic HBV-related hepatitis.Given their prognostic value,transient elastography and some bio-chemical markers can be used to better categorize patients with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis and assign them to different classes of risk for clinically relevant outcomes.Very recent data indicates that the combined measurements of liver and spleen stiffness enable the reliable prediction of portal hypertension and esophageal varices development.Federica Branchi Clara Benedetta Conti Alessandra Baccarin Pietro Lampertico Dario Conte Mirella Fraquelli 2014World Journal of Gastroenterology2014,20,40:20
3Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: A review显示文摘Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis(CAAG) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by an immune response, which is directed towards the parietal cells and intrinsic factor of the gastric body and fundus and leads to hypochlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and inadequate production of the intrinsic factor. As a result, the stomach's secretion of essential substances, such as hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, is reduced, leading to digestive impairments. The most common is vitamin B12 deficiency, which results in a megaloblastic anemia and iron malabsorption, leading to iron deficiency anemia. However, in the last years the deficiency of several other vitamins and micronutrients, such as vitamin C, vitamin D, folic acid and calcium, has been increasingly described in patients with CAAG. In addition the occurrence of multiple vitamin deficiencies may lead to severe hematological, neurological and skeletal manifestations in CAAG patients and highlights the importance of an integrated evaluation of these patients. Nevertheless, the nutritional deficiencies in CAAG are largely understudied. We have investigated the frequency and associated features of nutritional deficiencies in CAAG in order to focus on any deficit that may be clinically significant, but relatively easy to correct. This descriptive review updates and summarizes the literature on different nutrient deficiencies in CAAG in order to optimize the treatment and the follow-up of patients affected with CAAG.Federica Cavalcoli Alessandra Zilli Dario Conte Sara Massironi 2017World Journal of Gastroenterology2017,23,4:16
4中华蜜蜂幼虫信息素鉴定显示文摘【目的】分析鉴定中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana)幼虫是否含有与西方蜜蜂(Apis mellifera)幼虫相同的幼虫利它素和信息素及其在不同日龄阶段幼虫的分布情况。【方法】以中华蜜蜂为试验材料,取2日龄、6日龄(即将封盖)和7日龄(封盖后)的工蜂幼虫及2日龄、7日龄(即将封盖)和8日龄(封盖后)的雄蜂幼虫,经过正己烷浸泡碾碎,取上清液并进行层析过柱分离,应用气相色谱来研究中华蜜蜂幼虫利它素和信息素。【结果】本研究首次发现中华蜜蜂幼虫信息素含有甲基棕榈酸酯(MP)、甲基油酸酯((MO)、甲基硬脂酸酯(MS)、甲基亚油酸酯(ML)、甲基亚麻酸酯(MN)、乙基棕榈酸酯(EP)、乙基油酸酯(EO)、乙基硬脂酸酯(ES)、乙基亚油酸酯(EL)和乙基亚麻酸酯(EN)。【结论】中华蜜蜂幼虫含有与西方蜜蜂幼虫相同的幼虫利它素和10种脂肪类信息素,但这两种蜜蜂信息素的含量及在不同日龄幼虫分布规律不同。颜伟玉 Yves LE CONTE Dominique BESLAY 曾志将 2009中国农业科学2009,42,6:14
5Transporters Contributing to Iron Trafficking in Plants显示文摘这评论将在在维持铁(Fe ) 动态平衡的整个植物的生理的过程理解 transporters 的许多角色讨论最近的进步。这些过程经由根从土壤包括举起,从根的运输到的控制未葬植物的部分,从木部 Fe 卸掉在未葬部分, Fe 装进线粒体和质体,到植物的繁殖部分的 Fe 的运输,并且 Fe 动员在种子萌芽期间。另外,我们将讨论种使用应付 Fe 获得的显然非计划中的后果的机制:经由 Fe transporters 的有毒的重金属的举起。快速的进步在理解在最后涉及每这些区域的运输过程被取得了 5 ? 年和这评论将集中于这最近的进步。我们将也关于尚待被阐明的运输步加亮关键问题。Sarah S. Conte Elsbeth L. Walker 2011Molecular Plant2011,4,3:11
6Gastric carcinoids:Between underestimation and overtreatment显示文摘Gastric carcinoids(GCs),which originate from gastric enterochromaffin-like(ECL) mucosal cells and account for 2.4% of all carcinoids,are found increasingly in the course of upper gastrointestinal tract endoscopy.Current nosography includes those occurring in chronic conditions with hypergastrinemia,as the type 1 associated with chronic atrophic gastritis,and the type 2 associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1,and type 3,which is unrelated to hypergastrinemia and is frequently malignant,with distant metastases.The optimal clinical approach to GCs remains to be elucidated,depending upon type,size and number of carcinoids.While there is agreement concerning the treatment of type 3 carcinoids,for types 1 and 2,current possibilities include simple surveillance,endoscopic polypectomy,surgical excision,associated or not with surgical antrectomy,or total gastrectomy.Moreover,the recent introduction of somatostatin analogues represents a therapeutic option of possibly outstanding relevance.Sara Massironi Valentina Sciola Matilde Pia Spampatti Maddalena Peracchi Dario Conte 2009World Journal of Gastroenterology2009,15,18:10
7思维导图法在中医方剂学英语教学中的应用显示文摘研究根据中医院校留学生学习特点和思维方式的差异,为了扫除其方剂学学习过程中的障碍,我们尝试在方剂学课堂英语教学中运用'思维导图(Mind Map)'授课。本文以补中益气汤为例,探讨如何将思维导图与方剂学教学有机结合。思维导图法利用直观图形简化知识点,多维度增强记忆效果,整合多学科相关理论知识,在原有的基础上对问题加以扩展延伸,使得教师讲课效率大幅度提升。同时,也极大程度地提高了留学生的理解能力,提升了学习效率。吴晓丹 Silvia Del Conte 张林 2016中国中医药现代远程教育2016,14,10:10
8Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography: From methodology to major clinical applications显示文摘Non-invasive Doppler ultrasonographic study of cerebral arteries [transcranial Doppler(TCD)] has been extensively applied on both outpatient and inpatient settings. It is performed placing a low-frequency(≤ 2 MHz) transducer on the scalp of the patient over specific acoustic windows, in order to visualize the intracranial arterial vessels and to evaluate the cerebral blood flow velocity and its alteration in many different conditions. Nowadays the most widespread indication for TCD in outpatient setting is the research of right to left shunting, responsable of so called 'paradoxical embolism', most often due to patency of foramen ovale which is responsable of the majority of cryptogenic strokes occuring in patients younger than 55 years old. TCD also allows to classify the grade of severity of such shunts using the so called 'microembolic signal grading score'. In addition TCD has found many useful applications in neurocritical care practice. It is useful on both adults and children for day-to-day bedside assessment of critical conditions including vasospasm in subarachnoidal haemorrhage(caused by aneurysm rupture or traumatic injury), traumatic brain injury, brain stem death. It is used also to evaluate cerebral hemodynamic changes after stroke. It also allows to investigate cerebral pressure autoregulation and for the clinical evaluation of cerebral autoregulatory reserve.Antonello D'Andrea Marianna Conte Massimo Cavallaro Raffaella Scarafile Lucia Riegler Rosangela Cocchia Enrica Pezzullo Andreina Carbone Francesco Natale Giuseppe Santoro Pio Caso Maria Giovanna Russo Eduardo Bossone Raffaele Calabrò 2016World Journal of Cardiology2016,8,7:10
9Bone health in diabetes and prediabetes显示文摘Bone fragility has been recognized as a complication of diabetes,both type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D),whereas the relationship between prediabetes and fracture risk is less clear.Fractures can deeply impact a diabetic patient’s quality of life.However,the mechanisms underlying bone fragility in diabetes are complex and have not been fully elucidated.Patients with T1D generally exhibit low bone mineral density (BMD),although the relatively small reduction in BMD does not entirely explain the increase in fracture risk.On the contrary,patients with T2D or prediabetes have normal or even higher BMD as compared with healthy subjects.These observations suggest that factors other than bone mass may influence fracture risk.Some of these factors have been identified,including disease duration,poor glycemic control,presence of diabetes complications,and certain antidiabetic drugs.Nevertheless,currently available tools for the prediction of risk inadequately capture diabetic patients at increased risk of fracture.Aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of bone health and the mechanisms responsible for increased susceptibility to fracture across the spectrum of glycemic status,spanning from insulin resistance to overt forms of diabetes.The management of bone fragility in diabetic patient is also discussed.Silvia Costantini Caterina Conte 2019World Journal of Diabetes2019,10,8:10
10Role of spleen elastography in patients with chronic liver diseases显示文摘The development of liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension(PH), one of its major complications, are structural and functional alterations of the liver, occurring in many patients with chronic liver diseases(CLD). Actually the progressive deposition of hepatic fibrosis has a key role in the prognosis of CLD patients. The subsequent development of PH leads to its major complications, such as ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, variceal bleeding and decompensation. Liver biopsy is still considered the reference standard for the assessment of hepatic fibrosis, whereas the measurement of hepatic vein pressure gradient is the standard to ascertain the presence of PH and upper endoscopy is the method of choice to detect the presence of oesophageal varices. However, several non-invasive tests, including elastographic techniques, are currently used to evaluate the severity of liver disease and predict its prognosis. More recently, the measurement of the spleen stiffness has become particularly attractive to assess, considering the relevant role accomplished by the spleen in splanchnic circulation in the course of liver cirrhosis and in the PH. Moreover, spleen stiffness as compared with liver stiffness better represents the dynamic changes occurring in the advanced stages of cirrhosis and shows higher diagnostic performance in detecting esophageal varices. The aim of this review is to provide an exhaustive overview of the actual role of spleen stiffness measurement as assessed by several elastographic techniques in evaluating both liver disease severity and the development of cirrhosis complications, such as PH and to highlight its potential and possible limitations.Mariangela Giunta Dario Conte Mirella Fraquelli 2016World Journal of Gastroenterology2016,22,35:9
11Combined carriership of TLR9 -1237C and CD14 -260T alleles enhances the risk of developing chronic relapsing pouchitis显示文摘AIM: To investigate the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in genes involved in bacterial recognition and the susceptibility to pouchitis or pouchitis severity.METHODS: Analyses of CD14 -260C>T, CARD15/NOD2 3020insC, Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 +896A>G,TLR9 -1237T>C, TLR9+ 2848G>A, and IRAKM +22148G>A SNPs were performed in 157 ileal-pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) patients (79 patients who did not develop pouchitis, 43 infrequent pouchitis patients,35 chronic relapsing pouchitis patients) and 224 Italian Caucasian healthy controls.RESULTS: No significant differences were found in SNP frequencies between controls and IPAA patients.However, a significant difference in carriership frequency of the TLR9-1237C allele was found between the infrequent pouchitis and chronic relapsing pouchitis groups [P = 0.028, odd's ratio (OR) = 3.2, 95%CI = 1.2-8.6].This allele uniquely represented a 4-locus TLR9 haplotype comprising both studied TLR9 SNPs in Caucasians.Carrier trait analysis revealed an enhanced combined carriership of the alleles TLR9 -1237C and CD14 -260T in the chronic relapsing pouchitis and infrequent pouchitis group (P = 0.018, OR = 4.1, 95%CI = 1.4 -12.3).CONCLUSION: There is no evidence that the SNPs predispose to the need for IPAA surgery. The significant increase of the combined carriership of the CD14 -260T and TLR9 -1237C alleles in the chronic relapsing pouchitis group suggests that these markers identify a subgroup of IPAA patients with a risk of developing chronic or refractory pouchitis.KM Lammers S Ouburg SA Morré JBA Crusius P Gionchetti F Rizzello C Morselli E Caramelli R Conte G Poggioli M Campieri AS Pea 2005World Journal of Gastroenterology2005,11,46:7
12Neoadjuvant therapy in the treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma:Review of the literature显示文摘Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is a malignant tumor of the biliary system and includes,according to the anatomical classification,intra hepatic CCA(iCCA),hilar CCA(hCCA)and distal CCA(dCCA).Hilar CCA is the most challenging type in terms of diagnosis,treatment and prognosis.Surgery is the only treatment possibly providing long-term survival,but only few patients are considered resectable at the time of diagnosis.In fact,tumor’s extension to segmentary or subsegmentary biliary ducts,along with large lymph node involvement or intrahepatic metastases,precludes the surgical approach.To achieve R0 margins is mandatory for the disease-free survival and overall survival.In case of unresectable locally advanced hCCA,radiochemotherapy(RCT)as neoadjuvant treatment demonstrated to be a therapeutic option before either hepatic resection or liver transplantation.Before liver surgery,RCT is believed to enhance the R0 margins rate.For patients meeting the Mayo Clinic criteria,RCT prior to orthotopic liver transplant(OLT)has proved to produce acceptable 5-years survivals.In this review,we analyze the current role of neoadjuvant RCT before resection as well as before OLT.Fabio Frosio Federico Mocchegiani Grazia Conte Enrico Dalla Bona ANDrea Vecchi Daniele Nicolini Marco Vivarelli 2019World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2019,11,6:7
13Anti-tumour necrosis factor agent and liver injury:literature review,recommendations for management显示文摘Abnormalities in liver function tests,including transient and self-limiting hypertransaminasemia,cholestatic disease and hepatitis,can develop during treatment with anti-tumour-necrosis-factor(TNF)therapy.The optimal management of liver injury related to antiTNF therapy is still a matter of debate.Although some authors recommend discontinuing treatment in case of both a rise of alanine aminotransferase more than5 times the upper limit of normal,or the occurrence of jaundice,there are no standard guidelines for the management of anti-TNF-related liver injury.Bibliographical searches were performed in Pub Med,using the following key words:inflammatory bowel disease(IBD);TNF inhibitors;hypertransaminasemia;drugrelated liver injury;infliximab.According to published data,elevation of transaminases in patients with IBD treated with anti-TNF is a common finding,but resolution appears to be the usual outcome.Anti-TNF agents seem to be safe with a low risk of causing severe drugrelated liver injury.According to our centre experience,we found that hypertransaminasemia was a common,mainly self-limiting finding in our IBD cohort and was not correlated to infliximab treatment on both univariate and multivariate analyses.An algorithm for the management of liver impairment occurring during antiTNF treatment is also proposed and this highlights the need of a multidisciplinary approach and suggests liver biopsy as a key-point in the management decision in case of severe rise of transaminases.However,hepatic injury is generally self-limiting and drug withdrawal seems to be an exception.Roberta Elisa Rossi Ioanna Parisi Edward John Despott Andrew Kenneth Burroughs James O'Beirne Dario Conte Mark Ian Hamilton Charles Daniel Murray 2014World Journal of Gastroenterology2014,20,46:7
14Mercury in aquatic fauna contamination:A systematic review on its dynamics and potential health risks显示文摘Mercury is an important pollutant,released into aquatic ecosystems both naturally and by anthropogenic action.This element is transferred to aquatic organisms in different ways,causing potential health risks.In addition,mercury can be accumulated by humans,especially through the consumption of contaminated food.This systematic review aims to present mercury pathways,the major routes through which this element reaches the aquatic environment and its transformations until becoming available to living animals,leading to bioaccumulation and biomagnification phenomena.The key biotic and abiotic factors affecting such processes,the impact of mercury on animal and human health and the issue of seafood consumption as a source of chronic mercury contamination are also addressed.A total of 101 articles were retrieved from a standardized search on three databases(PubMed,Emabse,and Web of Science),in addition to 28 other studies not found on these databases but considered fundamental to this review(totaling 129 articles).Both biotic and abiotic factors display fundamental importance in mediating mercurial dynamics,i.e.,muscle tropism,and salinity,respectively.Consequently,mercurial contamination in aquatic environments affects animal health,especially the risk of extinction species and also on human health,with methylmercury the main mercury species responsible for acute and chronic symptomatology.Paloma de Almeida Rodrigues Rafaela Gomes Ferrari Luciano Neves dos Santos Carlos Adam Conte Junior 2019Journal of Environmental Sciences2019,31,10:6
15Ultrasound elastographic techniques in focal liver lesions显示文摘Elastographic techniques are new ultrasound-based imaging techniques developed to estimate tissue deformability/stiffness. Several ultrasound elastographic approaches have been developed, such as static elastography, transient elastography and acoustic radiation force imaging methods, which include point shear wave and shear wave imaging elastography. The application of these methods in clinical practice aims at estimating the mechanical tissues properties. One of the main settings for the application of these tools has been liver stiffness assessment in chronic liver disease, which has been studied mainly using transient elastography. Another field of application for these techniques is the assessment of focal lesions, detected by ultrasound in organs such as pancreas, prostate, breast, thyroid, lymph nodes. Considering the frequency and importance of the detection of focal liver lesions through routine ultrasound, some studies have also aimed to assess the role that elestography can play in studying the stiffness of different types of liver lesions, in order to predict their nature and thus offer valuable non-invasive methods for the diagnosis of liver masses.Clara Benedetta Conti Federica Cavalcoli Mirella Fraquelli Dario Conte Sara Massironi 2016World Journal of Gastroenterology2016,22,9:6
16意大利水文地质调查编图指南解读及其借鉴意义显示文摘对《意大利水文地质调查编图指南(1∶50 000)》(Quaderni,serie III,N.5英文版)的产生背景、结构特点和主要内容进行解读,并与中国现行《水文地质调查规范(1∶50 000)》(DZ/T 0282—2015)进行对比,得出如下认识:(1)《意大利水文地质调查编图指南(1∶50 000)》融调查规范与编图规范于一体。在编排结构上,编图内容在前,调查内容在后,调查内容紧扣编图内容,体现了围绕编图搞调查的技术路线。(2)中国现行《水文地质调查规范(1∶50 000)》未涵盖编图内容,亟需出台《水文地质编图规范(1∶50 000)》与之配套。《意大利水文地质调查编图指南(1∶50 000)》在图例组织、编图规则、工作量定额等方面值得中国借鉴。(3)意大利水文地质工作程度与中国接近,两国地质调查局都在推进1∶50 000水文地质调查工作,'一带一路'上的两个文明古国开展水文地质调查与编图合作,对于促进两国乃至世界水文地质调查编图技术水平提高具有重要意义。吴爱民 Giovanni Conte Lucio Martarelli 马荣 2016水文地质工程地质2016,43,5:5
17Somatostatin analogs for gastric carcinoids:for many, but not all显示文摘Gastric carcinoids(GCs) are classified as: type Ⅰ,related to hypergastrinemia due to chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG), type Ⅱ, associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, and type Ⅲ, which is normogastrinemic. The management of type-Ⅰ gastric carcinoids(GC1s) is still debated,because of their relatively benign course. According to the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society guidelines endoscopic resection is indicated whenever possible;however, it is not often feasible because of the presence of a multifocal disease, large lesions, submucosal invasion or, rarely, lymph node involvement. Therefore,somatostatin analogs(SSAs) have been proposed as treatment for GC1 s in view of their antisecretive,antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects. However,in view of the high cost of this therapy, its possible side effects and the relatively benign course of the disease,SSAs should be reserved to specific subsets of 'high risk patients', i.e., those patients with multifocal or recurrent GCs. Indeed, it is reasonable that, after the development of a gastric neuroendocrine neoplasm in patients with a chronic predisposing condition(such as CAG), other enterochromaffin-like cells can undergo neoplastic proliferation, being chronically stimulated by hypergastrinemia. Therefore, definite indications to SSAs treatment should be established in order to avoid the undertreatment or overtreatment of GCs.Sara Massironi Alessandra Zilli Dario Conte 2015World Journal of Gastroenterology2015,21,22:5
18AngiotensinⅡor epinephrine hemodynamic and metabolic responses in the liver of L-NAME induced hypertension and spontaneous hypertensive rats显示文摘AIM To study hepatic vasoconstriction and glucose release induced by angiotensin(Ang)Ⅱ or Epi in rats with pharmacological hypertension and spontaneously hypertensive rat(SHR).METHODS Isolated liver perfusion was performed following portal vein and vena cava cannulation; AngⅡ or epinephrine(Epi) was injected in bolus and portal pressure monitored; glucose release was measured in perfusate aliquots. RESULTS The portal hypertensive response(PHR) and the glucose release induced by AngⅡ of L-NAME were similar to normal rats(WIS). On the other hand, the PHR inducedby Epi in L-NAME was higher whereas the glucose release was lower compared to WIS. Despite the similar glycogen content, glucose release induced by AngⅡ was lower in SHR compared to Wistar-Kyoto rats although both PHR and glucose release induced by Epi in were similar. CONCLUSION AngⅡ and Epi responses are altered in different ways in these hypertension models. Our results suggest that inhibition of NO production seems to be involved in the hepatic effects induced by Epi but not by AngⅡ; the diminished glucose release induced by AngⅡ in SHR is not related to glycogen content.Debora Conte Kimura Marcia Regina Nagaoka Durval Rosa Borges Maria Kouyoumdjian 2017World Journal of Hepatology2017,9,17:4
19Correlates of symptoms of depression and anxiety in chronic hemodialysis patients显示文摘Maurizio Bossola Claudia Ciciarelli Gian Luigi Conte Carlo Vulpio Giovanna Luciani Luigi Tazza 2010General Hospital Psychiatry2010,,2:3
20Periodic Waves of a Discrete Higher Order Nonlinear SchrSdinger Equation显示文摘Robert Conte K.W. Chow 2006Communications in Theoretical Physics2006,46,6X:3
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