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| 1 | Micronutrient deficiencies in patients with chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis: A review显示文摘Chronic atrophic autoimmune gastritis(CAAG) is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by an immune response, which is directed towards the parietal cells and intrinsic factor of the gastric body and fundus and leads to hypochlorhydria, hypergastrinemia and inadequate production of the intrinsic factor. As a result, the stomach's secretion of essential substances, such as hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor, is reduced, leading to digestive impairments. The most common is vitamin B12 deficiency, which results in a megaloblastic anemia and iron malabsorption, leading to iron deficiency anemia. However, in the last years the deficiency of several other vitamins and micronutrients, such as vitamin C, vitamin D, folic acid and calcium, has been increasingly described in patients with CAAG. In addition the occurrence of multiple vitamin deficiencies may lead to severe hematological, neurological and skeletal manifestations in CAAG patients and highlights the importance of an integrated evaluation of these patients. Nevertheless, the nutritional deficiencies in CAAG are largely understudied. We have investigated the frequency and associated features of nutritional deficiencies in CAAG in order to focus on any deficit that may be clinically significant, but relatively easy to correct. This descriptive review updates and summarizes the literature on different nutrient deficiencies in CAAG in order to optimize the treatment and the follow-up of patients affected with CAAG. | Federica Cavalcoli Alessandra Zilli Dario Conte Sara Massironi | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，4： | 16 |
| 2 | Somatostatin analogs for gastric carcinoids:for many, but not all显示文摘Gastric carcinoids(GCs) are classified as: type Ⅰ,related to hypergastrinemia due to chronic atrophic gastritis(CAG), type Ⅱ, associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1, and type Ⅲ, which is normogastrinemic. The management of type-Ⅰ gastric carcinoids(GC1s) is still debated,because of their relatively benign course. According to the European Neuroendocrine Tumor Society guidelines endoscopic resection is indicated whenever possible;however, it is not often feasible because of the presence of a multifocal disease, large lesions, submucosal invasion or, rarely, lymph node involvement. Therefore,somatostatin analogs(SSAs) have been proposed as treatment for GC1 s in view of their antisecretive,antiproliferative and antiangiogenic effects. However,in view of the high cost of this therapy, its possible side effects and the relatively benign course of the disease,SSAs should be reserved to specific subsets of 'high risk patients', i.e., those patients with multifocal or recurrent GCs. Indeed, it is reasonable that, after the development of a gastric neuroendocrine neoplasm in patients with a chronic predisposing condition(such as CAG), other enterochromaffin-like cells can undergo neoplastic proliferation, being chronically stimulated by hypergastrinemia. Therefore, definite indications to SSAs treatment should be established in order to avoid the undertreatment or overtreatment of GCs. | Sara Massironi Alessandra Zilli Dario Conte | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，22： | 5 |
| 3 | Viral infections in inflammatory bowel disease:Tips and tricks for correct management显示文摘Over the past decades,the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD)has become more targeted,anticipating the use of immune-modifying therapies at an earlier stage.This top-down approach has been correlated with favorable short and long-term outcomes,but it has also brought with it concerns regarding potential infectious complications.This large IBD population treated with immunemodifying therapies,especially if combined,has an increased risk of severe infections,including opportunistic infections that are sustained by viral,bacterial,parasitic,and fungal agents.Viral infections have emerged as a focal safety concern in patients with IBD,representing a challenge for the clinician:they are often difficult to diagnose and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality.The first step is to improve effective preventive strategies,such as applying vaccination protocols,adopt adequate prophylaxis and educate patients about potential risk factors.Since viral infections in immunosuppressed patients may present atypical signs and symptoms,the challenges for the gastroenterologist are to suspect,recognize and diagnose such complications.Appropriate treatment of common viral infections allows us to minimize their impact on disease outcomes and patients’lives.This practical review supports this standard of care to improve knowledge in this subject area. | Vincenzo Craviotto Federica Furfaro Laura Loy Alessandra Zilli Laurent Peyrin-Biroulet Gionata Fiorino Silvio Danese Mariangela Allocca | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，27： | 1 |
| 4 | Treatment Effects of Partially Hydrolyzed Guar Gum on Symptoms and Quality of Life of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome. A Multicenter Randomized Open Trial显示文摘 | Giancarlo Parisi MD Enrico Bottona MD Maurizio Carrara MD Fabrizio Cardin MD Alessandra Faedo MD Dario Goldin MD Marco Marino MD Maurizio Pantalena MD Gianni Tafner MD Giorgio Verdianelli MD Maurizio Zilli MD Gioacchino Leandro MD | 2005 | Digestive Diseases and Sciences2005，，6： | 1 |
| 5 | Prevalence and natural history of potential celiac disease in adult patients显示文摘 | Federico Biagi Lucia Trotta Claudia Alfano Davide Balduzzi Vincenza Staffieri Paola I. Bianchi Alessandra Marchese Claudia Vattiato Alessandra Zilli Ombretta Luinetti Paolo Gobbi Gino R. Corazza | 2013 | Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology2013，，5： | 1 |
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