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| 1 | Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasound in discrimination between focal pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer显示文摘瞄准:作为基于微容器的灌注特征把发炎区分开来与胰腺的癌的一个方法评估提高对比的 endosonography。方法:在有怀疑的慢性胰炎的 86 个病人(变老:62+/-12 年;性别:f/m 38/48 ) ,胰腺的损害被常规内视镜的 B 模式,力量 Doppler 超声和提高对比的力量模式检验(日立 EUB 525, SonoVue, 2.4 mL, Bracco ) 用为恶意的损害的下列标准:用常规力量 Doppler 的没有可检测的 vascularisation 在用 SonoVue 提高对比的技术和没有可检测的静脉的容器里面的短距离上的动脉的容器的扫描、不规则的外观损害。如果所有标准是可检测的,恶意的损害被假定[内视镜的超声(EUS ) 指导了的标准答案好针渴望细胞学,操作] 。没有瘤形成的慢性胰炎的标准在 SonoVue 的注射前被定义为没有可检测的 vascularisation,在在 SonoVue 的注射和动脉、静脉的容器的察觉以后的至少 20 公里的距离上的容器的常规外观。结果:常规 EUS 的敏感和特性为胰腺的癌症分别地是 73.2% 和 83.3% 。与恶意的胰腺的损害和特性在 56 个病人中的 51 个增加到 91.1% 的提高对比的 EUS 的敏感与长期的煽动性的胰腺的疾病在 30 个病人中的 28 个增加了到 93.3% 。结论:提高对比的内视镜的超声改进在慢性胰炎和胰腺的癌之间的区别。 | Michael Hocke Ewald Schulze Peter Gottschalk Theodor Topalidis Christoph F Dietrich | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，2： | 43 |
| 2 | Assessment of metastatic liver disease in patients with primary extrahepatic tumors by contrast-enhanced sonography versus CT and MRI显示文摘瞄准:与已知的额外的肝的原发性瘤对包括 CT, MRI 和临床 / 组织学的数据的联合标准答案在病人在肝转移的察觉用 SonoVue 评估提高对比的 ultrasonography (CEUS ) 。方法:它是一国际多集中学习,并且有 12 个中心和 125 个病人(64 男性, 61 女性,变老 59+/-11 年) 包含,与 102 个病人一起每协议。原发性瘤是在 35% 表面的颜色,在 27% 的胸,在 17% 胰腺并且其它在 21% 。用 SonoVue 的 CEUS 用西门子 Elegra, Philips HDI 5000 和 Acuson 红杉与一种 low-mechanical-index 技术和对比特定的软件被采用;为至少五分钟的连续扫描。结果:有 SonoVue 的 CEUS 显著地增加了检测的焦点的肝损害对 unenhanced sonography 的数字。在 31.4% 病人,更多的损害在对比改进以后被发现。检测的损害的全部的数字与 CEUS (55 ) 是可比较的,三倍阶段的螺线 CT (61 ) 和有一个肝特定的对比代理人(53 ) 的 MRI。变形疾病的察觉的精确性(即至少一变形损害) 比为 unenhanced sonography (81.4%) 为 CEUS (91.2%) 是显著地更高的并且类似于三倍阶段的螺线 CT (89.2%) 的。在其 CEUS 检查否定的 53 个病人,后续考试 3-6 瞬间以后在 50 个病人(94.4%) 证实了变形损害的缺席。结论:CEUS 被证明在在有已知的额外的肝的原发性瘤的病人的肝转移的察觉可靠并且怀疑肝损害。 | Christoph F Dietrich Wolfgang Kratzer Deike Strobel Etienne Danse Robert Fessl Alfred Bunk Udo Vossas Karlheinz Hauenstein Wilhelm Koch Wolfgang Blank Matthijs Oudkerk Dietbert Hahn Christian Greis | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，11： | 39 |
| 3 | New ultrasound techniques for lymph node evaluation显示文摘Conventional ultrasound(US)is the recommended imaging method for lymph node(LN)diseases with the advantages of high resolution,real time evaluation and relative low costs.Current indications of transcutaneous ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound include the detection and characterization of lymph nodes and the guidance for LN biopsy.Recent advances in US technology,such as contrast enhanced ultrasound(CEUS),contrast enhanced endoscopic ultrasound(CE-EUS),and real time elastography show potential to improve the accuracy of US for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lymph nodes.In addition,CEUS and CE-EUS have been also used for the guidance of fine needle aspiration and assessment of treatment response.Complementary to size criteria,CEUS could also be used to evaluate response of tumor angiogenesis to anti-angiogenic therapies.In this paper we review current literature regarding evaluation of lymphadenopathy by new and innovative US techniques. | Xin-Wu Cui Christian Jenssen Adrian Saftoiu Andre Ignee Christoph F Dietrich | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，30： | 25 |
| 4 | Contrast-enhanced ultrasound of histologically proven hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma显示文摘AIM: To analyze contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) features of histologically proven hepatic epithelioid hemangioendothelioma(HEHE) in comparison to other multilocular benign focal liver lesions(FLL).METHODS: Twenty-five patients with histologically proven HEHE and 45 patients with histologically proven multilocular benign FLL were retrospectively reviewed. Four radiologists assessed the CEUS enhancement pattern in consensus.RESULTS: HEHE manifested as a single(n = 3) or multinodular(n = 22) FLL. On CEUS, HEHE showed rim-like(18/25, 72%) or heterogeneous hyperenhancement(7/25, 28%) in the arterial phase and hypoenhancement(25/25, 100%) in the portal venous and late phases(PVLP), a sign of malignancy. Eighteen patients showed central unenhanced areas(18/25, 72%); in seven patients(7/25, 28%), more lesions were detected in the PVLP. In contrast, all patients with hemangioma and focal nodular hyperplasia showed hyperenhancement as the most distinctive feature(P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: CEUS allows for characterization of unequivocal FLL. By analyzing the hypoenhancement in the PVLP, CEUS can determine the malignant nature of HEHE. | Yi Dong Wen-Ping Wang Vito Cantisani Mirko D'Onofrio Andre Ignee Lorenzo Mulazzani Adrian Saftoiu Zeno Sparchez Ioan Sporea Christoph F Dietrich | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，19： | 21 |
| 5 | Artificial intelligence in medical imaging of the liver显示文摘Artificial intelligence(AI), particularly deep learning algorithms, is gaining extensive attention for its excellent performance in image-recognition tasks. They can automatically make a quantitative assessment of complex medical image characteristics and achieve an increased accuracy for diagnosis with higher efficiency. AI is widely used and getting increasingly popular in the medical imaging of the liver, including radiology, ultrasound, and nuclear medicine. AI can assist physicians to make more accurate and reproductive imaging diagnosis and also reduce the physicians' workload. This article illustrates basic technical knowledge about AI, including traditional machine learning and deep learning algorithms, especially convolutional neural networks, and their clinical application in the medical imaging of liver diseases, such as detecting and evaluating focal liver lesions, facilitating treatment, and predicting liver treatment response. We conclude that machine-assisted medical services will be a promising solution for future liver medical care. Lastly, we discuss the challenges and future directions of clinical application of deep learning techniques. | Li-Qiang Zhou Jia-Yu Wang Song-Yuan Yu Ge-Ge Wu Qi Wei You-Bin Deng Xing-Long Wu Xin-Wu Cui Christoph F Dietrich | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，6： | 21 |
| 6 | Benign liver tumors in pediatric patients-Review with emphasis on imaging features显示文摘Benign hepatic tumors are commonly observed in adults,but rarely reported in children.The reasons for this remain speculative and the exact data concerning the incidence of these lesions are lacking.Benign hepatic tumors represent a diverse group of epithelial and mesenchymal tumors.In pediatric patients,most benign focal liver lesions are inborn and may grow like the rest of the body.Knowledge of pediatric liver diseases and their imaging appearances is essential in order to make an appropriate differential diagnosis.Selection of the appropriate imaging test is challenging,since it depends on a number of age-related factors.This paper will discuss the most frequently encountered benign liver tumors in children(infantile hepatic hemangioendothelioma,mesenchymal hamartoma,focal nodular hyperplasia,nodular regenerative hyperplasia,and hepatocellular adenoma),as well as a comparison to the current knowledge regarding such tumors in adult patients.The current emphasis is on imaging features,which are helpful not only for the initial diagnosis,but also for pre- and posttreatment evaluation and follow-up.In addition,future perspectives of contrast-enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) in pediatric patients are highlighted,with descriptions of enhancement patterns for each lesion being discussed.The role of advanced imaging tests such as CEUS and magnetic resonance imaging,which allow for non-invasive assessment of liver tumors,is of utmost importance in pediatric patients,especially when repeated imaging tests are needed and radiation exposure should be avoided. | Liliana Chiorean Xin-Wu Cui Andrea Tannapfel Doris Franke Martin Stenzel Wojciech Kosiak Dagmar Schreiber-Dietrich J?rg Jüngert Jian-Min Chang Christoph F Dietrich | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，28： | 16 |
| 7 | Artificial intelligence in breast ultrasound显示文摘Artificial intelligence(AI) is gaining extensive attention for its excellent performance in image-recognition tasks and increasingly applied in breast ultrasound. AI can conduct a quantitative assessment by recognizing imaging information automatically and make more accurate and reproductive imaging diagnosis. Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women,severely threatening women's health, the early screening of which is closely related to the prognosis of patients. Therefore, utilization of AI in breast cancer screening and detection is of great significance, which can not only save time for radiologists, but also make up for experience and skill deficiency on some beginners. This article illustrates the basic technical knowledge regarding AI in breast ultrasound, including early machine learning algorithms and deep learning algorithms, and their application in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant masses. At last, we talk about the future perspectives of AI in breast ultrasound. | Ge-Ge Wu Li-Qiang Zhou Jian-Wei Xu Jia-Yu Wang Qi Wei You-Bin Deng Xin-Wu Cui Christoph F Dietrich | 2019 | World Journal of Radiology2019，11，2： | 12 |
| 8 | Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided endoscopic treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts and walled-off necrosis:New technical developments显示文摘In the last decades,the treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts and necrosis occurring in the clinical context of acute and chronic pancreatitis has shifted towards minimally invasive endoscopic interventions.Surgical procedures can be avoided in many cases by using endoscopically placed,Endoscopic ultrasonography-guided techniques and drainages.Endoscopic ultrasound enables the placement of transmural plastic and metal stents or nasocystic tubes for the drainage of peripancreatic fluid collections.The development of selfexpanding metal stents and exchange free delivering systems have simplified the drainage of pancreatic fluid collections.This review will discuss available therapeutic techniques and new developments. | Barbara Braden Christoph F Dietrich | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，43： | 12 |
| 9 | In silico characterization of the functional and structural modules of the hemagglutinin protein from the swine-origin influenza virus A (H1N1)-2009显示文摘The 2009 swine-origin influenza virus (S-OIV,H1N1 subtype) has developed into a new pandemic influenza as announced by the World Health Organization.In order to uncover clues about the determinants for virulence and pathogenicity of the virus,we characterized the functional modules of the surface glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA),the most important protein in molecular epidemiology and pathogenesis of influenza viruses.We analyzed receptor binding sites,basic patch,neutralization antibody epitopes and T cell epitopes in the HA protein of the current S-OIV according to the corresponding functional and structural modules previously characterized in other H1 HA molecules or HA molecules of other subtypes.We compared their differences and similarities systematically.Based on the amino acids defined as the functional and structural modules,the HA protein of 2009 S-OIV should specifically bind to the human 2,6-receptor.The D225G/E mutation in HA,which is found in some isolates,may confer dual binding specificity to the 2,3and 2,6-receptor based on previously reported work.This HA variant contains two basic patches,one of which results in increased basicity,suggesting enhanced membrane fusion function.The 2009 S-OIV HA also has an extra glycosylation site at position 276.Four of the five antibody neutralization epitopes identified in A/RP/8/34(H1N1) were exposed,but the other was hidden by a glycosylation site.The previously identified cytotoxic T cell epitopes in various HA molecules were summarized and their corresponding sequences in 2009 S-OIV HA were defined.These results are critical for understanding the pathogenicity of the virus and host immune response against the virus. | Christopher VAVRICKA GAO George F | 2010 | Science China(Life Sciences)2010，53，6： | 11 |
| 10 | Endoscopic ultrasound elastography: current status and future perspectives显示文摘Elastography is a new ultrasound modality that provides images and measurements related to tissue stiffness. Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS) has played an important role in the diagnosis and management of numerous abdominal and mediastinal diseases. Elastography by means of EUS examination can assess the elasticity of tumors in the proximity of the digestive tract that are hard to reach with conventional transcutaneous ultrasound probes, such as pancreatic masses and mediastinal or abdominal lymph nodes, thus improving the diagnostic yield of the procedure. Results from previous studies have promised benefits for EUS elastography in the differential diagnosis of lymph nodes, as well as for assessing masses with pancreatic or gastrointestinal(GI) tract locations. It is important to mention that EUS elastography is not considered a modality that can replace biopsy. However, it may be a useful adjunct, improving the accuracy of EUSfine needle aspiration biopsy(EUS-FNAB) by selecting the most suspicious area to be targeted. Even more, it may be useful for guiding further clinical management when EUS-FNAB is negative or inconclusive. In the present paper we will discuss the current knowledge of EUS elastography, including the technical aspects, along with its applications in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant solid pancreatic masses and lymph nodes, as well as its aid in the differentiation between normal pancreatic tissues and chronic pancreatitis. Moreover, the emergent indication and future perspectives are summarized, such as the benefit of EUS elastography in EUS-guided fine needle aspiration biopsy, and its uses for characterization of lesions in liver, biliary tract, adrenal glands and GI tract. | Xin-Wu Cui Jian-Min Chang Quan-Cheng Kan Liliana Chiorean Andre Ignee Christoph F Dietrich | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，47： | 8 |
| 11 | Ultrasonographic imaging of inflammatory bowel disease in pediatric patients显示文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) is one of the most common chronic gastrointestinal diseases in pediatric patients.Choosing the optimal imaging modality for the assessment of gastrointestinal disease in pediatric patients can be challenging.The invasiveness and patient acceptance,the radiation exposure and the quality performance of the diagnostic test need to be considered.By reviewing the literature regarding imaging in inflammatory bowel disease the value of ultrasound in the clinical management of pediatric patients is highlighted.Transabdominal ultrasound is a useful,noninvasive method for the initial diagnosis of IBD in children;it also provides guidance for therapeutic decisions and helps to characterize and predict the course of the disease in individual patients.Ultrasound techniques including color Doppler imaging and contrast-enhanced ultrasound are promising imaging tools to determine disease activity and complications.Comparative studies between different imaging methods are needed. | Liliana Chiorean Dagmar Schreiber-Dietrich Barbara Braden Xin-Wu Cui Reiner Buchhorn Jian-Min Chang Christoph F Dietrich | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，17： | 7 |
| 12 | How to perform gastrointestinal ultrasound: anatomy and normal findings显示文摘Gastrointestinal ultrasound is a practical, safe, cheap and reproducible diagnostic tool in inflammatorybowel disease gaining global prominence amongst clinicians. Understanding the embryological processes of the intestinal tract assists in the interpretation of abnormal sonographic findings. In general terms, the examination principally comprises interrogation of the colon, mesentery and small intestine using both lowfrequency and high-frequency probes. Interpretation of findings on GIUS includes assessment of bowel wall thickness, symmetry of this thickness, evidence of transmural changes, assessment of vascularity using Doppler imaging and assessment of other specific features including lymph nodes, mesentery and luminal motility. In addition to B-mode imaging, transperineal ultrasonography, elastography and contrast-enhanced ultrasonography are useful adjuncts. This supplement expands upon these features in more depth. | Nathan S S Atkinson Robert V Bryant Yi Dong Christian Maaser Torsten Kucharzik Giovanni Maconi Anil K Asthana Michael Blaivas Adrian Goudie Odd Helge Gilja Dieter Nuernberg Dagmar Schreiber-Dietrich Christoph F Dietrich | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，38： | 5 |
| 13 | 光激酶C基因突变导致的大头精子畸形是阿尔及利亚男性不育症的最常见遗传因素显示文摘克氏综合征和Y染色体微缺失是过去针对男性不育症仅有的两项基因检测分析技术。北非男性经常出现两种罕见的畸形精子症:大头和圆头精子畸形,推荐进行AURKC和DPYl9L2基因检测。对阿尔及利亚男性不育患者进行以上基因检测,评估两种畸形精子症的患病率,并与克氏综合征和Y染色体微缺失的频率进行比较。我们对阿尔及利亚君士坦丁市的IbnRochd医院辅助生殖中心进行不育症咨询的599名患者进行了回顾性研究,其中404人存在精液参数异常现象。14人和7人分别患有典型的大头精子畸形或圆头精子畸形,进而对这些患者进行了AURKC和DPYl9L2基因分析显示,11名大头精子畸形患者存在4URKC基因突变(79%),相当于所有精液异常人群的2.7%。而5名圆头精子畸形患者,相当于1.2%的不育症患者,均存在DPYl9L2基因缺失。通过比较,我们预测该人群中克氏综合症和Y染色体微缺失的患病率分别是1.6%和0.23%。我们的研究表明AURKC基因突变较克氏综合症更常见,它是导致北非男性不育的主要遗传因素。此外,本文也预测了AURKC和DP"觋2基因缺陷发生率分别是Y染色体微缺失发生率的10倍和5倍。 | Leyla Ounis Abdelali Zoghmar Charles Coutton Leila Rouabah Maroua Hachemil Delphine Martinez Guillaume Martinez Ines Bellil Douadi Khelifi Christophe Arnoult Julien Faure Sebti Benbouhedja Abdelkader Rouabah Pierre F Ray | 2015 | Asian Journal of Andrology2015，17，1： | 5 |
| 14 | Nomogram for predicting transmural bowel infarction in patients with acute superior mesenteric venous thrombosis显示文摘BACKGROUND The prognosis of acute mesenteric ischemia(AMI)caused by superior mesenteric venous thrombosis(SMVT)remains undetermined and early detection of transmural bowel infarction(TBI)is crucial.The predisposition to develop TBI is of clinical concern,which can lead to fatal sepsis with hemodynamic instability and multi-organ failure.Early resection of necrotic bowel could improve the prognosis of AMI,however,accurate prediction of TBI remains a challenge for clinicians.When determining the eligibility for explorative laparotomy,the underlying risk factors for bowel infarction should be fully evaluated.AIM To develop and externally validate a nomogram for prediction of TBI in patients with acute SMVT.METHODS Consecutive data from 207 acute SMVT patients at the Wuhan Tongji Hospital and 89 patients at the Guangzhou Nanfang Hospital between July 2005 and December 2018 were included in this study.They were grouped as training and external validation cohort.The 207 cases(training cohort)from Tongji Hospital were divided into TBI and reversible intestinal ischemia groups based on the final therapeutic outcomes.Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were conducted to identify independent risk factors for TBI using the training data,and a nomogram was subsequently developed.The performance of the nomogram was evaluated with respect to discrimination,calibration,and clinical usefulness in the training and external validation cohort.RESULTS Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses identified the following independent prognostic factors associated with TBI in the training cohort:The decreased bowel wall enhancement(OR=6.37,P<0.001),rebound tenderness(OR=7.14,P<0.001),serum lactate levels>2 mmol/L(OR=3.14,P=0.009)and previous history of deep venous thrombosis(OR=6.37,P<0.001).Incorporating these four factors,the nomogram achieved good calibration in the training set[area under the receiver operator characteristic curve(AUC)0.860;95%CI:0.771-0.925]and the external validation set(AUC 0.851;95%CI:0.796-0.897).The positive and negative predictive values(95%CIs)of the nomogram were calculated,resulting in positive predictive values of 54.55%(40.07%-68.29%)and 53.85%(43.66%-63.72%)and negative predictive values of 93.33%(82.14%-97.71%)and 92.24%(85.91%-95.86%)for the training and validation cohorts,respectively.Based on the nomogram,patients who had a Nomo-score of more than 90 were considered to have high risk for TBI.Decision curve analysis indicated that the nomogram was clinically useful.CONCLUSION The nomogram achieved an optimal prediction of TBI in patients with AMI.Using the model,the risk for an individual patient inclined to TBI can be assessed,thus providing a rational therapeutic choice. | Meng Jiang Chang-Li Li Chun-Qiu Pan Wen-Zhi Lv Yu-Fei Ren Xin-Wu Cui Christoph F Dietrich | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，26： | 4 |
| 15 | Liver elastography, comments on EFSUMB elastography guidelines 2013显示文摘Recently the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology Guidelines and Recommendations have been published assessing the clinical use of ultrasound elastography.The document is intended to form a reference and to guide clinical users in a practical way.They give practical advice for the use and interpretation.Liver disease forms the largest section,reflecting published experience to date including evidence from meta-analyses with shear wave and strain elastography.In this review comments and illustrations on the guidelines are given. | Xin-Wu Cui Mireen Friedrich-Rust Chiara De Molo Andre Ignee Dagmar Schreiber-Dietrich Christoph F Dietrich | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，38： | 4 |
| 16 | Rapid health transition in China, 1990–2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010显示文摘 | Gonghuan Yang Yu Wang Yixin Zeng George F Gao Xiaofeng Liang Maigeng Zhou Xia Wan Shicheng Yu Yuhong Jiang Mohsen Naghavi Theo Vos Haidong Wang Alan D Lopez Christopher JL Murray | 2013 | The Lancet . 2013 (9882)2013，，9882： | 4 |
| 17 | Characteristics of Clostridium difficile infection in patients hospitalized with myelodysplastic syndrome or acute myelogenous leukemia显示文摘AIM To evaluate factors associated with Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) and outcomes of CDI in the myelodysplastic syndrome(MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) population.METHODS After IRB approval,all MDS/AML patients hospitalized at the University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center between August 2011 and December 2013 were identified.Medical charts were reviewed for demographics,clinical information,development of CDI,complications of CDI,and mortality.Patients with CDI,defined as having a positive stool PCR done for clinical suspicion of CDI,were compared to those without CDI in order to identify predictors of disease.A t-test was used for comparison of continuous variables and chisquare or Fisher's exact tests were used for categorical variables,as appropriate.RESULTS Two hundred and twenty-three patients (60.1% male,mean age 61.3 years,13% MDS,87% AML) had 594 unique hospitalizations during the study period.Thirtyfour patients (15.2%) were diagnosed with CDI.Factors significantly associated with CDI included lower albumin at time of hospitalization (P < 0.0001),prior diagnosis of CDI (P < 0.0001),receipt of cytarabine-based chemotherapy (P = 0.015),total days of neutropenia (P = 0.014),and total days of hospitalization (P = 0.005).Gender (P = 0.10),age (P = 0.77),proton-pump inhibitor use (P = 0.73),receipt of antibiotics (P = 0.66),and receipt of DNA hypomethylating agent-based chemotherapy (P = 0.92) were not significantly associated with CDI.CONCLUSION CDI is common in the MDS/AML population.Factors significantly associated with CDI in this population include low albumin,prior CDI,use of cytarabine-based chemotherapy,and prolonged neutropenia.In this study,we have identified a subset of patients in which prophylaxis studies could be targeted. | Kamini Shah Bryan F Curtin Christopher Chu Daniel Hwang Mark H Flasar Erik von Rosenvinge | 2017 | World Journal of Clinical Oncology2017，8，5： | 3 |
| 18 | Fortuitously discovered liver lesions显示文摘The fortuitously discovered liver lesion is a common problem. Consensus might be expected in terms of its work-up, and yet there is none. This stems in part from the fact that there is no preventive campaign involving the early detection of liver tumors other than for patients with known liver cirrhosis and oncological patients. The work-up (detection and differential diagnosis) of liver tumors comprises theoretical considerations, history, physical examination, laboratory tests, standard ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound techniques, contrastenhanced ultrasound (CEUS), computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, as well as imageguided biopsy. CEUS techniques have proved to be the most pertinent method; these techniques became part of the clinical routine about 10 years ago in Europe and Asia and are used for a variety of indications in daily clinical practice. CEUS is in many cases the first and also decisive technical intervention for detecting and characterizing liver tumors. This development is reflected in many CEUS guidelines, e.g. , in the European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) guidelines 2004, 2008 and 2012 as well as the recently published World Federation for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology-EFSUMB guidelines 2012. This article sets out considerations for making a structured work-up of incidental liver tumors feasible. | Christoph F Dietrich Malay Sharma Robert N Gibson Schreiber-Dietrich Christian Jenssen | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，21： | 3 |
| 19 | Rapid health transition in China, 1990–2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010显示文摘 | Gonghuan Yang Yu Wang Yixin Zeng George F Gao Xiaofeng Liang Maigeng Zhou Xia Wan Shicheng Yu Yuhong Jiang Mohsen Naghavi Theo Vos Haidong Wang Alan D Lopez Christopher JL Murray | 2013 | The Lancet2013，，9882： | 3 |
| 20 | Noninvasive detection and evaluation of atherosclerotic coronary plaques with multislice computed tomography 1 1 This study was performed without additional financial support.显示文摘 | Stephen Schroeder Andreas F Kopp Andreas Baumbach Christoph Meisner Axel Kuettner Christian Georg Bernd Ohnesorge Christian Herdeg Claus D Claussen Karl R Karsch | 2001 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2001，，5： | 3 |
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