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| 1 | New ultrasound techniques for lymph node evaluation显示文摘Conventional ultrasound(US)is the recommended imaging method for lymph node(LN)diseases with the advantages of high resolution,real time evaluation and relative low costs.Current indications of transcutaneous ultrasound and endoscopic ultrasound include the detection and characterization of lymph nodes and the guidance for LN biopsy.Recent advances in US technology,such as contrast enhanced ultrasound(CEUS),contrast enhanced endoscopic ultrasound(CE-EUS),and real time elastography show potential to improve the accuracy of US for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant lymph nodes.In addition,CEUS and CE-EUS have been also used for the guidance of fine needle aspiration and assessment of treatment response.Complementary to size criteria,CEUS could also be used to evaluate response of tumor angiogenesis to anti-angiogenic therapies.In this paper we review current literature regarding evaluation of lymphadenopathy by new and innovative US techniques. | Xin-Wu Cui Christian Jenssen Adrian Saftoiu Andre Ignee Christoph F Dietrich | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，30： | 25 |
| 2 | 造影增强超声内镜检查对胰腺占位病变的鉴别诊断初步探讨显示文摘目的探讨造影增强EUS在胰腺占位病变鉴别诊断中的应用价值。方法选择18例临床疑有胰腺占位病变或慢性胰腺炎的患者为检查对象,以内镜超声引导下细针穿刺细胞和(或)组织病理学结果为最终诊断,另选择5例正常胰腺作为对照,观察不同胰腺组织造影增强EUS检查下目标区域形态、内部回声及血流灌注的增强特征。结果造影增强EUS显示,5例正常胰腺实质呈均匀分布的点状或棒状彩色血流信号(Ⅰ、Ⅱ型);而2例慢性胰腺炎患者的胰腺实质呈棒状或斑块状彩色血流信号,且分布不均匀(Ⅱ、Ⅲ型)。13例胰腺癌病变内部均呈少量点状或棒状增强(Ⅰ、Ⅱ型),部分肿块伴周边局部增强血流信号,且大部分呈慢进快退型;而3例胰腺良性占位胰岛细胞瘤病灶内部则呈整体斑块状明显增强(Ⅲ型),其中有2例呈快进快退型。此外,正常胰腺及各类胰腺疾.病的增强强度也呈不同等级。结论造影增强EUS诊断技术安全、可行,正常胰腺及不同胰腺疾病之间可显示不同的增强模式、时相特点及增强强度分级,为胰腺病变的鉴别诊断提供了一种新的影像学手段。 | 诸琦 熊慧芳 徐凯 贺益萍 陈希 谭继宏 夏璐 | 2008 | 中华消化内镜杂志2008，25，3： | 24 |
| 3 | Head mass in chronic pancreatitis: Inflammatory or malignant显示文摘Chronic pancreatitis increases the risk of developing pancreatic cancer. This often presents as a mass lesion in the head of pancreas. Mass lesion in the head of pancreas can also occur secondary to an inflammatory lesion. Recognising this is crucial to avoid unnecessary surgery. This is sometimes difficult as there is an overlap in clinical presentation and conventional computed tomography(CT) abdomen findings in inflammatory andmalignant mass. Advances in imaging technologies like endoscopic ultrasound in conjunction with techniques like fine needle aspiration, contrast enhancement and elastography as well as multidetector row CT, magnetic resonance imaging and positron emission tomography scanning have been shown to help in distinguishing inflammatory and malignant mass. Research is ongoing to develop molecular techniques to help characterise focal pancreatic mass lesions. This paper reviews the current status of imaging and molecular techniques in differentiating a benign mass lesion in chronic pancreatitis and from malignancy. | Amit K Dutta Ashok Chacko | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2015，7，3： | 16 |
| 4 | 谐波造影增强超声内镜技术在胰腺占位性疾病中的诊断作用研究显示文摘目的探讨谐波造影增强超声内镜技术(CEH—EUS)在胰腺占位性疾病中的诊断作用。方法选择胰腺疾病患者为检查对象,以EUS—FNA或组织病理学结果以及随访结果为最终诊断,评价CEH—EUS诊断胰腺疾病的准确性,并分析CEH—EUS检查下受检部位的增强情况,包括增强顺序、增强时向特点、增强模式分级以及静脉洗脱程度。结果共23例胰腺疾病患者入选本研究,经FNA和(或)组织病理确诊,13例为胰腺癌,7例为慢性胰腺炎,2例为胰管内乳头状产黏蛋白肿瘤,1例为胰腺微囊型浆液性囊腺瘤。CEH—EUS诊断准确率为95.65%,明显高于普通EUS诊断准确率(78.2%)。其中CEH—EUS显示13例胰腺癌病灶增强晚于周围组织或与周围组织同步,呈不均匀低增强或存在充盈缺损区域,无显著达峰表现,消退明显早于周围组织。慢性胰腺炎等良性胰腺疾病病灶处增强与周围组织基本同步,充盈均匀,消退与周围组织同步。结论CEH—EUS在胰腺疾病的诊断中可以安全、简便、准确地显示病灶血供情况,不仅可成为EUS—FNA的有力补充,同时为胰腺疾病的鉴别诊断提供了直接且有效的帮助。 | 张敏敏 李兆申 金震东 王东 湛先保 徐灿 王洛伟 方爱乔 张春华 | 2011 | 中华消化内镜杂志2011，28，11： | 12 |
| 5 | Diagnosis of pancreatic tumors by endoscopic ultrasonography显示文摘Pancreatic tumors are highly diverse, as they can be solid or cystic, and benign or malignant. Since their imaging features overlap considerably, it is often difficult to characterize these tumors. In addition, small pancreatic tumors, especially those less than 2 cm in diameter, are difficult to detect and diagnose. For characterizing pancreatic tumors and detecting small pancreatic tumors, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is the most sensitive of the imaging procedures currently available. This technique also provides good results in terms of the preoperative staging of pancreatic tumors. EUS-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) has also proved to be a safe and useful method for tissue sampling of pancreatic tumors. Despite these advantages, however, it is still difficult to differentiate between be-nign and malignant, solid or cystic pancreatic tumors, malignant neoplasms, and chronic pancreatitis using EUS, even when EUS-FNA is performed. Recently, contrast-enhanced EUS with Doppler mode (CE-EUS) employing ultrasound contrast agents, which indicate vascularization in pancreatic lesions, has been found to be useful in the differential diagnosis of pancreatic tumors, especially small pancreatic tumors. However, Doppler ultrasonography with contrast-enhancement has several limitations, including blooming artifacts, poor spatial resolution, and low sensitivity to slow flow. Consequently, an echoendoscope was developed recently that has a broad-band transducer and an imaging mode that was designed specifically for contrastenhanced harmonic EUS (CEH-EUS) with a secondgeneration ultrasound contrast agent. The CEH-EUS technique is expected to improve the differential diagnosis of pancreatic disease in the future. This review describes the EUS appearances of common solid and cystic pancreatic masses, the diagnostic accuracy of EUS-FNA, and the relative efficacies and advantages of CE-EUS and CEH-EUS along with their relative advantages and their complementary roles in clinical practice. | Hiroki Sakamoto Masayuki Kitano Ken Kamata Muhammad El-Masry Masatoshi Kudo | 2010 | World Journal of Radiology2010，2，4： | 11 |
| 6 | 超声内镜在消化道疾病诊断中的应用显示文摘超声内镜(EUS)具有内镜及超声探查的双重功能,随着EUS相关新技术的不断出现和应用,为消化道疾病的诊断带来了新的方法。现就近年来超声内镜在消化道疾病诊断中的应用进展作一综述。 | 苏燕波 刘晓敏 | 2011 | 国际消化病杂志2011，31，4： | 10 |
| 7 | 超声内镜诊断消化道肿瘤的临床价值显示文摘随着内镜技术迅猛发展,超声目前在临床上得到广泛运用。由于其将内镜和超声融为一体,能够很好地观察消化道管壁层次结构,病变起源和浸润范围,因此超声内镜被广泛运用在消化系肿瘤的早期诊断、术前分期、术后随访、肿瘤复发监测等方面。 | 何强 徐有青 | 2015 | 中国实用内科杂志2015，35，3： | 10 |
| 8 | 超声内镜在消化系肿瘤诊疗中的应用显示文摘超声内镜自从应用于临床以来.已被认为是一种非常有价值的诊断消化系肿瘤并可对其进行TNM分期的工具。过去的十几年,随着穿刺器械的改进,超声内镜引导下细针抽吸活检迅速发展起来.为超声内镜的治疗性应用开辟了一条崭新的道路。目前,超声内镜已被广泛应用于消化系肿瘤的诊断与治疗中。本文就超声内镜在消化系肿瘤的诊治应用进展进行阐述。 | 金震东 郭杰芳 | 2013 | 中华胃肠外科杂志2013，16，5： | 10 |
| 9 | 增强超声内镜与增强CT诊断胰腺肿块对比分析显示文摘目的探讨增强超声内镜(CE-EUS)和增强CT(CE-CT)对胰腺肿块患者的诊断价值。方法对2010年5月-2013年6月42例胰腺肿块患者进行常规术前CE-EUS与CE-CT检查,根据术后病理诊断,再对检查结果进行比较。结果 42例胰腺肿块患者中,24例确诊为胰腺腺癌,术前普通超声内镜诊断的30例,CE-EUS诊断的23例,CE-CT术前诊断21例,CE-EUS和CT的诊断准确率分别为91.6%与87.5%。结论CE-EUS在胰腺肿块的诊断中具有较高的特异性和准确性,与CE-CT联合应用有助于胰腺疾病的诊断。 | 胡萍萍 许丰 孙柯科 陆德文 史久煜 李小平 | 2014 | 中国内镜杂志2014，20，6： | 10 |
| 10 | 造影增强内镜超声对胰腺病变定量分析价值的初步探讨显示文摘目的 通过定量分析造影剂增强后EUS影像的不同特征,为胰腺病变的影像鉴别诊断提供客观依据.方法 对32例临床或其他影像检查疑有或确诊胰腺良、恶性占位病变、慢性胰腺炎的患者以及19例因其他上消化道原因行EUS检查的胰腺正常患者为检查对象,观察造影增强EUS检查时感兴趣区域的血流灌注增强特征,同时使用造影分析软件进行定量分析.以EUS引导下细针穿刺细胞学和(或)组织病理学结果、手术病理结果为最终诊断.结果 造影增强EUS后定量分析显示,19例正常胰腺的峰值强度(PI)值为0.648±0.174,通过比较,发现其与胰腺癌和胰腺囊性病灶的PI值之间的差异具统计学意义,且通过ROC曲线得出正常胰腺与胰腺癌之间PI值的最佳诊断临界值为0.505,诊断敏感度、特异度分别为100.0%、84.2%.6例慢性胰腺炎PI值较大,为0.772±0.106.在胰腺占位性病灶中,胰腺癌与胰腺囊性病灶及胰腺内分泌肿瘤之间PI值的差异亦具统计学意义,且通过ROC曲线得出胰腺癌与胰腺囊性病灶之间PI值的最佳诊断临界值为0.195,诊断敏感度、特异度分别为85.7%、87.5%.14例胰腺癌的PI值为0.321±0.119,4例胰腺内分泌肿瘤的PI值为0.763±0.115.通过病灶内部和周围正常胰腺实质的显影时间、达到峰值强度时间的比较,78.6%的胰腺癌显示为慢进快出型,而胰腺内分泌肿瘤均为快进快出型.8例胰腺囊性病变的PI值为0.181±0.036,且内部无血流信号强弱变化趋势.结论 造影增强EUS对胰腺病变的定量分析为基于EUS影像的胰腺病变鉴别诊断提供了更为客观的依据,有望成为一种新的EUS下胰腺病变鉴别诊断的影像学手段. | 诸琦 龚婷婷 熊慧芳 张燚 吴珺玮 黄佳 孙蕴伟 谭继宏 夏璐 姚玮艳 | 2010 | 中华消化内镜杂志2010，27，11： | 8 |
| 11 | Endoscopicultrasonographyforsurveillanceofindividualsathighriskfor pancreaticcancer显示文摘Pancreatic cancer is a highly lethal disease with a ge-netic susceptibility and familial aggregation found in 3%-16% of patients. Early diagnosis remains the only hope for curative treatment and improvement of prog-nosis. This can be reached by the implementation of an intensive screening program, actually recommended for individuals at high-risk for pancreatic cancer de-velopment. The aim of this strategy is to identify pre-malignant precursors or asymptomatic pancreatic can-cer lesions, curable by surgery. Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) with or without fine needle aspiration(FNA) seems to be the most promising technique for early de-tection of pancreatic cancer. It has been described as a highly sensitive and accurate tool, especially for small and cystic lesions. Pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia, a precursor lesion which is highly represented in high-risk individuals, seems to have characteristics chronic pancreatitis-like changes well detected by EUS. Many screening protocols have demonstrated high diagnostic yields for pancreatic pre-malignant lesions, allowing prophylactic pancreatectomies. However, it shows a high interobserver variety even among experienced en-dosonographers and a low sensitivity in case of chronic pancreatitis. Some new techniques such as contrast-en-hanced harmonic EUS, computer-aided diagnostic tech-niques, confocal laser endomicroscopy miniprobe andthe detection of DNA abnormalities or protein markersby FNA, promise improvement of the diagnostic yield ofEUS. As the resolution of imaging improves and as ourknowledge of precursor lesions grows, we believe thatEUS could become the most suitable method to detectcurable pancreatic neoplasms in correctly identifiedasymptomatic at-risk patients. | Lami G Biagini MR Galli A | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2014，6，7： | 8 |
| 12 | 超声内镜在胰腺癌诊断中的应用及进展显示文摘目前传统影像学技术对早期胰腺癌的诊断缺乏足够的敏感性,因此胰腺癌的早期诊断是目前国际上精准医疗方面最大的挑战。经过大量的临床实践和技术的发展,超声内镜在胰腺癌特别是胰腺癌早期诊断方面优势逐步体现。阐述了超声内镜在胰腺癌早期诊断中的应用及进展。 | 何强 徐有青 | 2016 | 临床肝胆病杂志2016，32，7： | 8 |
| 13 | Role of endoscopic ultrasound in the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer显示文摘Endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) with or without fine needle aspiration has become the main technique for evaluating pancreatobiliary disorders and has proved to have a higher diagnostic yield than positron emission tomography,computed tomography(CT) and transabdominal ultrasound for recognising early pancreatic tumors.As a diagnostic modality for pancreatic cancer,EUS has proved rates higher than 90%,especially for lesions less than 2-3 cm in size in which it reaches a sensitivity rate of 99% vs 55% for CT.Besides,EUS has a very high negative predictive value and thus EUS can reliably exclude pancreatic cancer.The complication rate of EUS is as low as 1.1%-3.0%.New technical developments such as elastography and the use of contrast agents have recently been applied to EUS,improving its diagnostic capability.EUS has been found to be superior to the recent multidetector CT for T stagingwith less risk of overstaying in comparison to both CT and magnetic resonance imaging,so that patients are not being ruled out of a potentially beneficial resection.The accuracy for N staging with EUS is 64%-82%.In unresectable cancers,EUS also plays a therapeutic role by means of treating oncological pain through celiac plexus block,biliary drainage in obstructive jaundice in patients where endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is not affordable and aiding radiotherapy and chemotherapy. | Juana Gonzalo-Marin Juan Jose Vila Manuel Perez-Miranda | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2014，6，9： | 6 |
| 14 | 超声内镜在胰腺癌诊治中的应用进展显示文摘超声内镜(endoscopic ultrasound,EUS)技术发展迅猛,特别是超声内镜下介入性诊断和治疗是目前该技术的发展方向之一,由于其对胰腺实质及胰管的良好显示,现在越来越多地应用于胰腺疾病尤其是胰腺癌的诊断和治疗。现就近年来超声内镜在胰腺癌诊治中的应用进展作一综述。 | 刘欣 吕志武 | 2013 | 胃肠病学和肝病学杂志2013，22，6： | 6 |
| 15 | Contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography显示文摘Contrast agents are increasingly being used to characterize the vasculature in an organ of interest,to better delineate benign from malignant pathology and to aid in staging and directing therapeutic procedures.We review the mechanisms of action of first,second and third generation contrast agents and their use in various endoscopic procedures in the gastrointestinal tract.Various applications of contrast-enhanced endoscopic ultrasonography include differentiating benign from malignant mediastinal lymphadenopathy,assessment of depth of invasion of esophageal,gastric and gall bladder cancers and visualization of the portal venous system and esophageal varices.In addition,contrast agents can be used to differentiate pancreatic lesions.The use of color Doppler further increases the ability to diagnose and differentiate various pancreatic malignancies.The sensitivity of power Doppler sonography to depict tumor neovascularization can be increased by contrast agents.Contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging is a useful aid in identifying the tumor vasculature and studying pancreatic microperfusion.In the future,these techniques could potentially be used to quantify tumor perfusion,to assess and monitor the efficacy of antiangiogenic agents,to assist targeted drug delivery and allow molecular imaging. | Nischita K Reddy Ana Maria Ioncicǎ Adrian Sǎftoiu Peter Vilmann Manoop S Bhutani | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，1： | 6 |
| 16 | 慢性胰腺炎诊断与外科治疗显示文摘慢性胰腺炎(chronic panereatitis,CP)是各种原因所致的胰实质和胰管不可逆的慢性炎症,可引起胰腺炎性肿块、胰管炎症或受压狭窄及假囊肿形成,其临床特征是反复发作的上腹痛伴不同程度的胰腺内、外分泌功能减退或丧失。CP虽为良性疾病,但在治疗上却往往需要外科手术干预才能缓解症状,且疗效与手术方式的选择、术后并发症的控制与治疗密切相关。 | 施长鹰 吴志勇 | 2009 | 中国实用外科杂志2009，29，8： | 5 |
| 17 | State-of-the-art imaging techniques in endoscopic ultrasound显示文摘Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has recently evolved through technological improvement of equipment,with a major clinical impact in digestive and mediastinal diseases.State-of-the-art EUS equipment now includes real-time sono-elastography,which might be useful for a better characterization of lesions and increased accuracy of differential diagnosis (for e.g.lymph nodes or focal pancreatic lesions).Contrast-enhanced EUS imaging is also available,and is already being used for the differential diagnosis of focal pancreatic masses.The recent development of low mechanical index contrast harmonic EUS imaging offers hope for improved diagnosis,staging and monitoring of anti-angiogenic treatment.Tridimensional EUS (3D-EUS) techniques can be applied to enhance the spatial understanding of EUS anatomy,especially for improved staging of tumors,obtained through a better assessment of the relationship with major surrounding vessels.Despite the progress gained through all these imaging techniques,they cannot replace cytological or histological diagnosis.However,real-time optical histological diagnosis can be achieved through the use of single-fiber confocal laser endomicroscopy techniques placed under real-time EUS-guidance through a 22G needle.Last,but not least,EUS-assisted natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) procedures offer a whole new area of imaging applications,used either for combination of NOTES peritoneoscopy and intraperitoneal EUS,but also for access of retroperitoneal organs through posterior EUS guidance. | Adrian Sftoiu | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，6： | 5 |
| 18 | 超声造影及其临床应用显示文摘本文阐述了超声造影剂的历史沿革,新型造影剂的特性以及种类等,特别系统介绍了在肝外疾病(肾脏、心脏及血管疾病等)诊断治疗方面的临床价值及研究进展。 | 赵玉珍 | 2008 | 中国医疗设备2008，23，9： | 5 |
| 19 | 超声内镜对胰腺癌的诊断与治疗显示文摘随着超声内镜仪的普及,内镜超声检查术(endoscopic ultrasonography,EUS)巳成为诊断胰腺疾病的首选方法,尤其是EUS引导下FNA技术的应用极大地提高了胰腺肿瘤的诊断准确率,新型超声内镜仪及三维微型高频超声探头的应用提高了小胰癌的显示率。EUS已经历了3个重要阶段:EUS诊断(EUS imaging);EUS穿刺活检(EUSguided FNA);EUS注射治疗(EUS—guided fine needle injection,FNI)。现在已进入介入性EUS(Interventional EUS)时代。 | 金震东 | 2006 | 胰腺病学2006，6，4： | 4 |
| 20 | 影响内镜超声引导细针抽吸术结果的因素分析显示文摘内镜超声引导细针抽吸术(EUS—FNA)自1992年首次报告在对胰腺进行细针穿刺以来,已被广泛应用于消化道及其周围病变的诊断,与传统腹部超声或CT引导下的经皮穿刺细针抽吸术相比,EUS-FNA具有穿刺距离短、安全性高等优点,目前已成为对各种消化系良、恶性疾病进行鉴别或分期的一种成熟的微创性介入诊断内镜技术。虽然EUS—FNA能取得很好的诊断准确率,但其结果仍存在较高的假阴性率,因此,如何提高EUS—FNA的诊断准确性是从事超声内镜工作的医师们共同关注的问题,故本文旨在对影响EUS—FNA结果的诸多因素进行归纳综述。 | 陈希 诸琦 | 2010 | 中华消化内镜杂志2010，27，4： | 4 |
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