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| 1 | Vertically acquired hepatitis C virus infection:Correlates oftransmission and disease progression显示文摘The worldwide prevalence of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection in children is 0.05%-0.4% in developed countries and 2%-5% in resource-limited settings, where inadequately tested blood products or un-sterile medical injections still remain important routes of infection. After the screening of blood donors, motherto-child transmission(MTCT) of HCV has become the leading cause of pediatric infection, at a rate of 5%. Maternal HIV co-infection is a significant risk factor for MTCT and anti-HIV therapy during pregnancy seemingly can reduce the transmission rate of both viruses. Conversely, a high maternal viral load is an important, but not preventable risk factor, because at present no anti-HCV treatment can be administered to pregnant women to block viral replication. Caution is needed in adopting obstetric procedures, such as amniocentesis or internal fetal monitoring, that can favor fetal exposure to HCV contaminated maternal blood, though evidence is lacking on the real risk of single obstetric practices. Mode of delivery and type of feeding do not represent significant risk factors for MTCT. Therefore, there is no reason to offer elective caesarean section or discourage breast-feeding to HCV infected parturients. Information on the natural history of vertical HCV infection is limited. The primary infection is asymptomatic in infants. At least one quarter of infected children shows a spontaneous viral clearance(SVC) that usually occurs within 6 years of life. IL-28 B polymorphims and genotype 3 infection have been associated with greater chances of SVC. In general, HCV progression is mild or moderate in children with chronic infection who grow regularly, though cases with marked liver fibrosis or hepatic failure have been described. Non-organ specific autoantibodies and cryoglobulins are frequently found in children with chronic infection, but autoimmune diseases or HCV associated extrahepatic manifestations are rare. | Pier-Angelo Tovo Carmelina Calitri Carlo Scolfaro Clara Gabiano Silvia Garazzino | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，4： | 6 |
| 2 | Associations between visual attention, implicit and explicit attitude and behavior for physical activity显示文摘 | CALITRI R LOWE R EVES F F | 2009 | Psychol Health2009，24，9： | 1 |
| 3 | Clinical features of hos- pitalised children with 2009 H1NI influenza virus infection 显示文摘 | Calitri C Gabiano C Garazzino S | 2010 | Eur J Pediatr2010，169，12： | 1 |
| 4 | Social identi fication structures the effects of perspective taking显示文摘 | TARRANT M CALITRI R WESTON D | | 0，，09： | 1 |
| 5 | Natural history of vertically acquired HCV infection and associated autoimmune phenomena显示文摘 | Silvia Garazzino Carmelina Calitri Antonella Versace Alda Alfarano Carlo Scolfaro Chiara Bertaina Simona Vatrano Federica Mignone Francesco Licciardi Clara Gabiano Pier-Angelo Tovo | 2014 | European Journal of Pediatrics2014，，8： | 1 |
| 6 | Interleukin 28B rs12979860 Single-Nucleotide Polymorphism Predicts Spontaneous Clearance of Hepatitis C Virus in Children显示文摘 | Giuseppe Indolfi Giusi Mangone Pier Luigi Calvo Elisa Bartolini Marta Regoli Daniele Serranti Carmelina Calitri Pier-Angelo Tovo Maurizio de Martino Chiara Azzari Massimo Resti | 2014 | Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition2014，，5： | 1 |
| 7 | Gastrointestinal involvement in paediatric COVID-19 — from pathogenesis to clinical management: A comprehensive review显示文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19),is responsible for the first pandemic of the 21st century.As found in adults,signs and symptoms related to the disease mainly involve the respiratory tract in the paediatric population.However,a considerable number of children present with gastrointestinal symptoms such as vomiting,abdominal pain,and diarrhea.The purpose of this review is an accurate description,from pathogenesis to clinical presentation,diagnosis and treatment,of COVID-19 effects on the gastrointestinal system at a paediatric age.SARS-CoV-2 can be identified in stool specimens of affected children by real-time polymerase chain reaction techniques.Positivity can last for several weeks after the end of the symptomatic phase.Gastrointestinal signs and symptoms are generally self-limited,can correlate with blood tests and imaging alterations,and may require supportive treatment such as hydration.However,they can precede severe disease manifestations such as the COVID-19-related multisystem inflammatory syndrome.Children belonging to risk categories such as those affected by celiac disease,inflammatory bowel disease,and hepatic disease seem to not have a more severe course than the others,even if they are undergoing immunosuppressant treatment.Medical follow-ups of patients with chronic diseases need to be revised during the pandemic period in order to postpone unnecessary tests,mainly endoscopic ones. | Carmelina Calitri Ilaria Fumi Maria Giovanna Ignaccolo Elena Banino Stefania Benetti Maria MaddalenaLupica Francesca Fantone Mariella Pace Franco Garofalo | 2021 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2021，27，23： | 0 |
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