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| 1 | The clinical impact of bacterial biofilms显示文摘Bacteria survive in nature by forming biofilms on surfaces and probably most, if not all, bacteria (and fungi) are capable of forming biofilms. A biofilm is a structured consortium of bacteria embedded in a self-produced polymer matrix consisting of polysaccharide, protein and extracellular DNA. Bacterial biofilms are resistant to antibiotics, disinfectant chemicals and to phagocytosis and other components of the innate and adaptive inflammatory defense system of the body. It is known, for example, that persistence of staphylococcal infections related to foreign bodies is due to biofilm formation. Likewise, chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients are caused by biofilm growing mucoid strains. Gradients of nutrients and oxygen exist from the top to the bottom of biofilms and the bacterial cells located in nutrient poor areas have decreased metabolic activity and increased doubling times. These more or less dormant cells are therefore responsible for some of the tolerance to antibiotics. Biofilm growth is associated with an increased level of mutations. Bacteria in biofilms communicate by means of molecules, which activates certain genes responsible for production of virulence factors and, to some extent, biofilm structure. This phenomenon is called quorum sensing and depends upon the concentration of the quorum sensing molecules in a certain niche, which depends on the number of the bacteria. Biofilms can be prevented by antibiotic prophylaxis or early aggressive antibiotic therapy and they can be treated by chronic suppressive antibiotic therapy. Promising strategies may include the use of compounds which can dissolve the biofilm matrix and quorum sensing inhibitors, which increases biofilm susceptibility to antibiotics and phagocytosis. | Niels Hoiby Oana Ciofu Helle Krogh Johansen Zhi-jun Song Claus Moser Peter Ostrup Jenser Soren Molin Michael Givskov Tim Tolker-Nieisen Thomas Bjamsholt | 2011 | International Journal of Oral Science2011，3，2： | 48 |
| 2 | Strategies for combating bacterial biofilm infections显示文摘Formation of biofilm is a survival strategy for bacteria and fungi to adapt to their living environment, especially in the hostile environment. Under the protection of biofilm, microbial cells in biofilm become tolerant and resistant to antibiotics and the immune responses, which increases the difficulties for the clinical treatment of biofilm infections. Clinical and laboratory investigations demonstrated a perspicuous correlation between biofilm infection and medical foreign bodies or indwelling devices. Clinical observations and experimental studies indicated clearly that antibiotic treatment alone is in most cases insufficient to eradicate biofilm infections. Therefore, to effectively treat biofilm infections with currently available antibiotics and evaluate the outcomes become important and urgent for clinicians. The review summarizes the latest progress in treatment of clinical biofilm infections and scientific investigations, discusses the diagnosis and treatment of different biofilm infections and introduces the promising laboratory progress,which may contribute to prevention or cure of biofilm infections. We conclude that, an efficient treatment of biofilm infections needs a well-established multidisciplinary collaboration, which includes removal of the infected foreign bodies, selection of biofilm-active,sensitive and well-penetrating antibiotics, systemic or topical antibiotic administration in high dosage and combinations, and administration of anti-quorum sensing or biofilm dispersal agents. | Hong Wu Claus Moser Heng-Zhuang Wang Niels Hφiby Zhi-Jun Song | 2015 | International Journal of Oral Science2015，7，1： | 27 |
| 3 | Application of poly-lactide-co-glycolide-microspheres in the transarterial chemoembolization in an animal model of hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘AIM:To introduce an animal model of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in ACI-rats, and to evaluate the therapeutic effects of Poly-lactide-co-glycolide(PIcg)-microspheres in the transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) in this model, as well the value of this model in the experiments of interventional therapy. | Jochen Truebenbach Florian Graepler Philippe Pereira Peter Huppert Thomas Eul Gundula Wiemann Claus Claussen | 2003 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2003，9，1： | 24 |
| 4 | Liver fat content determined by magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy显示文摘Hepatic steatosis as the most prevalent liver disorder can either be related to alcoholic liver disease (ALD) or non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In both conditions, hepatocytes excessively accumulate fatcontaining vacuoles within their cytoplasm, which is the key histological feature. In contrast to ALD, NAFLD is commonly associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity and insulin resistance. To determine increased liver fat content, liver biopsy is currently considered the gold standard. Besides the invasive technique, various other non-invasive techniques have been developed, such as ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based methods. Among these techniques, ultrasound and CT provide only qualitative information about hepatic steatosis, whereas MRS-or MRI-based methods are able to determine even small amounts of fat accurately. These non-invasive magnetic resonance techniques have already proven their great potential, especially in longitudinal and cross-sectional studies regarding various metabolic conditions and medical treatment regimens. In this review, the most common, non-invasive MRS/MRI techniques for assessment of intrahepatic lipid content are described with their inherent advantages and limitations. | Fabian Springer Jürgen Machann Claus D Claussen Fritz Schick Nina F Schwenzer | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，13： | 19 |
| 5 | Fuzzy logic based coordinated control of battery energy storage system and dispatchable distributed generation for microgrid显示文摘Microgrid is a good option to integrate renewableenergy sources (RES) into power systems. Inorder to deal with the intermittent characteristics of therenewable energy based distributed generation (DG) units,a fuzzy-logic based coordinated control strategy of a batteryenergy storage system (BESS) and dispatchable DGunits is proposed for the microgrid management system(MMS). In the proposed coordinated control strategy, theBESS is used to minimize active power exchange at thepoint of common coupling of the microgrid for grid-connectedoperation, and is used for frequency control for islandoperation. The efficiency of the proposed controlstrategy was tested by case studies using DIgSILENT/PowerFactroy. | Haoran ZHAO Qiuwei WU Chengshan WANG Ling CHENG Claus Nygaard RASMUSSEN | 2015 | Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy2015，3，3： | 18 |
| 6 | Endoscopic transpapillary brush cytology and forceps biopsy in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the sensitivity of brush cytology and forceps biopsy in a homogeneous patient group with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.METHODS: Brush cytology and forceps biopsy were routinely performed in patients with suspected malignant biliary strictures. Fifty-eight consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) including forceps biopsy and brush cytology in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma between 1995-2005.RESULTS: Positive results for malignancy were obtained in 24/58 patients (41.4%) by brush cytology and in 31/58 patients (53.4%) by forceps biopsy. The combination of both techniques brush cytology and forceps biopsy resulted only in a minor increase in diagnostic sensitivity to 60.3% (35/58 patients). In 20/58 patients (34.5%), diagnosis were obtained by both positive cytology and positive histology, in 11/58 (19%) by positive histology (negative cytology) and only 4/58 patients (6.9%) were confirmed by positive cytology (negative histology).CONCLUSION: Brush cytology and forceps biopsy have only limited sensitivity for the diagnosis of malignant hilar tumors. In our eyes, additional diagnostic techniques should be evaluated and should become routine in patients with negative cytological and histological findings. | Andreas Weber Claus von Weyhern Falko Fend Jochen Schneider Bruno Neu Alexander Meining Hans Weidenbach Roland M Schmid Christian Prinz | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，7： | 17 |
| 7 | Lipid accumulation in hepatocytes induces fibrogenic activation of hepatic stellate cells显示文摘尽管有非酒精的脂肪肝疾病是良性的混乱的起始的信仰,纤维变性前进发生在病人的一个重要数字,这现在被认出。而且,肝的脂肪变性在大量其它为肝的纤维变性的前进作为一个风险因素被识别了肝疾病。这里,我们建立了一在里面在肝的星形的房间(HSC ) 上学习肝的类脂化合物累积的效果的 vitro 模型,肝 fibrogenesis 的中央调停人。主要人的 hepatocytes 与浸透的丰满的酸 palmitate 被孵化导致细胞内部的类脂化合物累积。随后,人的 HSC 从 steatotic 或控制 hepatocytes 与调节媒介(厘米) 被孵化。在 hepatocytes 的类脂化合物累积导致了加速了 HSC 的激活和增长的因素的版本,并且提高了他们的抵抗到 apoptosis,大部分经由 PI-3-kinase 小径的激活调停了。而且,从 steatotic hepatocytes 的厘米导致了 profibrogenic 基因 TGF- 尾, metallo-proteinase-1 (TIMP-1 ) 的织物禁止者, TIMP-2 和 matrix-metallo-proteinase-2 的表示,以及在 HSC 的原子因素的魏 B 依赖者 MCP-1 表示。在摘要,我们的在里面 vitro 数据在 vivo 为在肝的脂肪变性和 fibrogenesis 之间的 pathophysiological 连接显示潜在的机制。附此,这研究提供一在 vitro 吸引人学习导致脂肪变性的 fibrogenesis 的分子的机制,并且识别并且测试小说的模型在脂肪肝为 antifibrotic 指向治疗疾病。 | Hella Wobser Christoph Dora Thomas S Weiss Thomas Amann Cornelius Bollheimer Roland Btittner Juergen Schoelmerich Claus Helterbrand | 2009 | Cell Research2009，19，8： | 16 |
| 8 | 乙型肝炎病毒慢性感染者血清中不同类型病毒转录体的检测及其意义显示文摘目的:建立针对乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)全长型(fRNA)和顿挫型转录体(trRNA)的血清学检测方法,并探讨其临床应用价值.方法:自患者血清中提取病毒核酸,经PCR及PRT-PCR进行扩增,琼脂糖电泳显示产物,Southern印迹验证反应的特异性.取代表性产物克隆,测序.结果:在HBV慢性携带者的血清中检测到了在上述不同poly(A)位点成熟的病毒RNA.血清中fRNA的检出与e抗原阳性和较强的病毒DNA信号相对应,与转氨酶活性呈正相关,这一血清学指标反映了病毒复制;而trRNA的检出与e抗原阳性和转氨酶活性无关,不象fRNA那样依赖于血清中病毒DNA的量.二者检出率随年龄有不同变化,前者随年龄增加而进行性减低乃至转阴;而后者在10-20岁期间检出率升至80%,以后维持在较高水平.即使在某些表面抗原阴性血清中,也能检测到trRNA和不在上述两个位点成熟的病毒RNA.这些转录体在某些隐源性肝硬变和丙型肝炎患者血清中也存在.结论:病毒转录体的血清学检测有助于确定目前尚不认识的HBV感染期,可用来更准确地区分复制期和非复制期以及检出隐匿性HBV感染. | 苏勤 张伟 刘节 王淑芳 Kunio Takegoshi Claus H Schrder | 2003 | 世界华人消化杂志2003，11，2： | 16 |
| 9 | 同种移植大鼠肝细胞癌模型的建立及其磁共振表现显示文摘目的 采取同种移植技术 ,在ACI大鼠建立 1种理想的、适合于介入治疗和MRI观察的肝细胞癌模型。方法 在 1只雄性ACI大鼠背部皮下注射MorrisHepatoma 392 4A肝癌细胞。 13d后从生长的肿瘤中切取 1mm3 瘤块移植到另外的雄性ACI大鼠左肝包膜下 (共 12只 ) ,移植术后 14d利用MRI观察肿瘤体积及其特征 ,并取肿瘤标本做病理切片检查。结果 移植术后 14d时 ,MR检查见所有ACI大鼠肝内均长出孤立性结节状肿瘤 ,不伴有转移和腹水 ,肿瘤平均体积为 (0 .0 90±0 .0 0 8)cm3 。在所有被移植大鼠中 ,病灶在T1WI上呈低信号 ,在T2 WI上呈高信号。病理切片检查示肿瘤内无明显坏死和出血 ,其周围血管丰富。结论 该种建立肝细胞癌动物模型的方法操作简便 ,易于重复 ,移植成功率高 ,肿瘤生长速度适宜 ,无转移和腹水 ,MR检查效果良好 ,尤其适于肝癌介入治疗的研究。 | 钱骏 冯敢生 Truebenbach Jochen Pereira Philippe Huppert Peter Claussen Claus | 2002 | 中华放射学杂志2002，36，5： | 15 |
| 10 | 利用混合实时仿真器测试HVDC控制与保护显示文摘介绍使用实时数字仿真器 RTDS对 HVDC控制和保护系统进行测试。为获得高精度的阀触发脉冲和高频下的仿真性能 ,采用了先进的混合 HVDC实时仿真器。其中 ,HVDC换流器采用传统的物理模拟装置 ,直流系统和并联的复杂交流系统均采用实时纯数字仿真 ,由 RTDS仿真器实现。该混合实时仿真器被选择用于中国天—广 HVDC工程。基于 HVDC控制和保护系统的测试 ,文中给出了新的混合实时仿真器的结构实现方法和性能校验结果。与 EMTDC计算机仿真结果比较 ,HVDC控制和保护系统的性能得到了校验。 | 李函 韩英铎 王仲鸿 M. Claus H. Messner D. Retzmann G. Wild | 2000 | 电力系统自动化2000，24，17： | 15 |
| 11 | Chronic hepatitis B in 2014: Great therapeutic progress, large diagnostic deficit显示文摘This review analyzes progress and limitations of diagnosis, screening, and therapy of patients with chronic hepatitis B infection. A literature review was carried out by framing the study questions. Vaccination in early childhood has been introduced in most countries and reduces the infection rate. Treatment of chronic hepatitis B can control viral replication in most patients today. It reduces risks for progression and may reverse liver fibrosis. The treatment effect on development of hepatocellular carcinoma is less pronounced when cirrhosis is already present. Despite the success of vaccination and therapy chronic hepatitis B remains a problem since many infected patients do not know of their disease. Although all guidelines recommend screening in high risk groups such as migrants, these suggestions have not been implemented. In addition, the performance of hepatocellular cancer surveillance under real-life conditions is poor. The majority of people with chronic hepatitis B live in resource-constrained settings where effective drugs are not available. Despite the success of vaccination and therapy chronic hepatitis B infection remains a major problem since many patients do not know of their disease. The problems in diagnosis andscreening may be overcome by raising awareness, promoting partnerships, and mobilizing resources. | Claus Niederau | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，33： | 13 |
| 12 | S100A8/A9 induces autophagy and apoptosis via ROS-mediated cross-talk between mitochondria and lysosomes that involves BNIP3显示文摘建筑群由 S100 钙绑定蛋白质家庭,的二个成员形成了 S100A8/A9,在不同起源的各种各样的房间施加导致 apoptosis 活动。这里,我们内在的分子的机制包含的现在的证据两个都规划了房间死亡我(PCD 我, apoptosis ) 并且象死亡一样的 PCD II (autophagy ) 。有 S100A8/A9 的房间的处理引起了 Beclin-1 表示以及 Atg12-Atg5 形成的增加。S100A8/A9-induced 房间死亡被特定的 PI3-kinase 班 III 禁止者部分禁止, 3-methyladenine (3 麻省) ,并且由液泡 H+-ATPase 禁止者, bafilomycin-A1 (Baf-A1 ) 。S100A8/A9 挑起了 BNIP3 的 translocation, BH3 仅仅 pro-apoptotic Bcl2 家庭成员,到线粒体。与这发现一致,螖 T M-BNIP3 overexpression 部分禁止了 S100A8/A9-induced 细胞死亡,减少的反应的氧种(ROS ) 产生,并且部分在 S100A8/A9-treated 细胞在 mitochondrial transmembrane 潜力免于减少。另外,任何一个螖 T M-BNIP3 overexpression 或 N-acetyl-L-cysteine 合作处理减少了在与 S100A8/A9 对待的房间的 lysosomal 激活。我们的数据显示 S100A8/A9-promoted 房间死亡通过线粒体的串音发生,经由 ROS 和这个过程的 lysosomes 包含 BNIP3。 | Saeid Ghavami Mehdi Eshragi Sudharsana R Ande Walter J Chazin Thomas Klonisch Andrew J Halayko Karol D Mcneill Mohammad Hashemi Claus Kerkhoff Marek Los | 2010 | Cell Research2010，20，3： | 13 |
| 13 | 基于无谐波检测和选择性谐波补偿原理的组合式同相供电系统控制策略显示文摘针对组合式同相供电系统同相补偿装置(CCD)的常规控制方法受负载电流检测精度影响严重,且不能良好跟踪高速铁路负载高次谐波电流的缺陷,提出一种选择性谐波电流控制策略。该控制策略仅需要保留CCD的两单相变流器输出电压、电流的检测部分,不需要检测负载电流;并通过矢量比例积分控制器对连接负载的单相变流器输出电流误差中的各次谐波单独跟踪。该设计方法不受负载电流检测精度的影响,对牵引负荷各个频段谐波都具有良好的跟踪性能。利用MATLAB/Simulink搭建组合式同相供电的常规控制模型、改进控制模型和基于改进控制策略的半桥四臂模块化多电平电路模型,对交-直型、交-直-交型、混跑3种负载分别进行控制,仿真验证了改进电流控制方法的正确性以及在实际工程实现中的有效性。 | 王果 常文寰 Claus Leth Bak 周末 郝泽宇 | 2017 | 电力自动化设备2017，37，12： | 13 |
| 14 | Genome-wide MicroRNA Expression Profiles in COPD: Early Predictors for Cancer Development显示文摘Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) significantly increases the risk of developing cancer. Biomarker studies frequently follow a case-control set-up in which patients diagnosed with a disease are compared to controls. Longitudinal cohort studies such as the COPD-centered German COPD and SYstemic consequences-COmorbidities NETwork(COSYCONET) study provide the patient and biomaterial base for discovering predictive molecular markers. We asked whether microRNA(miRNA) profiles in blood collected from COPD patients prior to a tumor diagnosis could support an early diagnosis of tumor development independent of the tumor type. From 2741 participants of COSYCONET diagnosed with COPD, we selected 534 individuals including 33 patients who developed cancer during the follow-up period of 54 months and 501 patients who did not develop cancer, but had similar age, gender and smoking history. Genome-wide miRNA profiles were generated and evaluated using machine learning techniques. For patients developing cancer we identified nine miRNAs with significantly decreased abundance(two-tailed unpaired t-test adjusted for multiple testing P < 0.05), including members of the miR-320 family. The identified mi RNAs regulate different cancer-related pathways including the MAPK pathway(P = 2.3 x 10^(-5)). We also observed the impact of confounding factors on the generated miRNA profiles, underlining the value of our matched analysis. For selected miRNAs, qRT-PCR analysis was applied to validate the results. In conclusion, we identified several miRNAs in blood of COPD patients, which could serve as candidates for biomarkers to help identify COPD patients at risk of developing cancer. | Andreas Keller Tobias Fehlmann Nicole Ludwig Mustafa Kahraman Thomas Laufer Christina Backes Claus Vogelmeier Caroline Diener Frank Biertz Christian Herr Rudolf A. Jorres Hans-Peter Lenhof Eckart Meese Robert Bals | 2018 | Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics2018，16，3： | 9 |
| 15 | 血清乙型肝炎病毒RNA定量分析系统的建立显示文摘目的 :建立针对血清乙型肝炎病毒 (hepatitisBvirus,HBV)转录体的定量分析系统 .方法 :从血清中提取病毒DNA和RNA ,采用竞争性PCR技术、Southern blotting及分子克隆等技术 ,建立循环病毒DNA和RNA(转录体 )的定量分析系统 ,并应用其对抗病毒药物Lamivudine干预治疗后HBV感染患者血清中HBVDNA和RNA结构和数量的变化进行分析 .结果 :建立了两个针对X区RNA的定量分析系统 ,可检测带有全长型和顿挫型 3′端结构的转录体 .我们还建立了HBVX ,Core和X PreCore区段的DNA/RNA定量分析系统 ,三者分别与HBV基因复制的早、中、晚期对应 .此研究初步阐明了Lamivudine治疗期间患者血清中HBVDNA和转录体结构和数量的变化 .治疗 8wk以后 ,在Core和X PreCore区DNA拷贝数从 10 9·mL-1下降为 10 5·mL-1,下降幅度明显高于X区(下降至 10 7·mL-1) ,其比率更准确地反映了Lamivudine的作用效率 ,可用于疗效的评估 .转录体的拷贝数仅有小幅下降 ,采用锚定的Oligo(dT)引物检测的两种全长和顿挫型Ploy(A)RNA (10 5·mL-1)明显低于X区 (10 7·mL-1)RNA的拷贝数 ,提示在基因复制过程中前基因组RNA的Ploy(A)尾被去除 .结论 :这一分析系统可显示血清中HBV转录体含量及定量不同 3′端结构 。 | 张伟 苏勤 刘节 Hans J.Hacker 牛昀 梁秀芬 Claus H.Schroeder | 2003 | 第四军医大学学报2003，24，8： | 8 |
| 16 | Cerebral processing of auditory stimuli in patients with irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘瞄准:用大脑决定功能的磁性的回声成像(fMRI ) 非内脏的刺激的服的处理是否在急躁的肠症候群(IBS ) 被改变病人与健康题目相比。围绕针的内脏躯体集中机制,并且识别心理因素的可能的影响,我们使用了听觉的刺激刺激在他们的感情的质量不同。方法:在 8 个 IBS 病人和 8 控制, fMRI 大小用不同感情的质量(钟声,讨厌的偷看(2000 Hz ) ,中立的词,和感情的词的愉快的声音) 的 4 听觉的刺激的一个块图案被执行。坡度回响 T2 * 加权的顺序被用于功能的扫描。统计地图用一般线性模型被构造。结果:到感情的听觉的刺激,,相对控制的 IBS 病人在感情的处理区域的一个更大的变化与更强壮的释放反应了反应模式,在控制不同,没在令人烦恼或愉快的声音之间区分。到中立听觉的刺激,由对比,仅仅 IBS 病人与大重要激活反应了。结论:到在感情的处理刺激的区域的听觉的刺激的改变的服的反应模式建议在 IBS 的改变的感觉处理不能为内脏的感觉是特定的,但是可能在感情的敏感和感情方面的反应反映概括变化,可能与经常在 IBS 病人发现的心理 comorbidity 联系了。 | Viola Andresen Alexander Poellinger Chedwa Tsrouya Dominik Bach Albrecht Stroh Annette Foerschler Petra Georgiewa Marco Schmidtmann Ivo R van der Voort Peter Kobelt Claus Zimmer Bertram Wiedenmann Burghard F Klapp Hubert Monnikes | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，11： | 8 |
| 17 | Sporadic versus hereditary gastrinomas of the duodenum and pancreas: Distinct clinico-pathological and epidemiological features显示文摘Gastrinomas are defined as gastrin secreting tumors that are associated with Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (ZES). ZES is characterized by elevated fasting gastrin serum levels, positive secretin stimulation test and clinical symptoms such as recurrent peptic ulcer disease, gastroesophageal re?ux disease and occasional diarrhea. Genetically, nonhereditary (sporadic) gastrinomas are distinguished from hereditary gastrinomas, which are associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) syndrome. In general, duodenal gastrinomas are small and solitary if they are sporadic and multiple as well as hereditary. The sporadic gastrinomas occur in the duodenum or in the pancreas while the hereditary gastrinomas almost all occur in the duodenum. Our series of 77 sporadic duodenal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) includes 18 patients (23.4%) with gastrinomas and ZES. Of 535 sporadic NETs in the pancreas collected from the NET archives of the departments of pathology in Zürich, Switzerland, and Kiel, Germany, 24 patients (4.5%) suffered from sporadic pancreatic gastrinomas and ZES. These NETs have to be distinguished fromtumors with immunohistochemical positivity for gastrin but without evidence of ZES. An additional 19 patients suffered from MEN1 and ZES. These patients showed exclusively duodenal gastrinomas, but not pancreatic gastrinomas. The prognosis of sporadic and MEN1- associated duodenal gastrinomas is better than that of pancreatic gastrinomas, since they progress slowly to liver metastasis. In summary, sporadic and MEN1- associated gastrinomas in the duodenum and pancreas show different clinico-pathological and genetic features. The incidence of sporadic duodenal gastrin-producing tumors is increasing, possibly due to optimized diagnostic procedures. In contrast, pancreatic MEN1- associated gastrinomas seem to be extremely rare. A considerable subset of tumors with immunohistochemical expression of gastrin but without evidence of ZES should be designated as functionally inactive NETs expressing gastrin, but not as gastrinomas. | Martin Anlauf Nele Garbrecht Tobias Henopp Anja Schmitt Regina Schlenger Andreas Raffel Markus Krausch Oliver Gimm Claus F Eisenberger Wolfram T Knoefel Henning Dralle Paul Komminoth Philipp U Heitz Aurel Perren Günter Klppel | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，34： | 7 |
| 18 | 半椎体切除短节段融合治疗先天性脊柱侧弯显示文摘目的评估半椎体切除和短节段椎弓根钉系统固定融合治疗先天性脊柱侧弯的疗效。方法34例经前后路联合半椎体切除并同时行后路短节段椎弓根螺钉矫形内固定脊柱融合术的先天性脊柱侧弯的患儿,随访术前、术后和最后一次脊柱全长正侧位X线片,测量并记录脊柱侧弯及后凸的Cobb角。结果除1例因(T11-12)半椎体畸形术后因术后5个月椎弓根钉脱出、假关节形成、侧弯加重外,其余病例冠状面半椎体节段侧弯术前平均45.3°,术后14.9°,矫正67.1%;最后一次随访时平均13.5°,矫正70.2%;冠状面主侧弯术前平均47.6°,术后18.2°,矫正61.80A;最后一次随访时平均16.0°,矫正66.4%;矢状面半椎体节段术前有10.1°后凸畸形,术后恢复至正常生理曲度范围。手术后头侧和尾侧代偿弯也得到明显改善。结论前后入路联合切除半椎体后,使用短节段的椎弓根螺钉系统可满意地矫正先天性脊柱侧弯,在骨骼成熟之前进行治疗可有效地预防脊柱的继发性改变。 | 许伟华 杨述华 杜靖远 Carstens Claus | 2008 | 中华小儿外科杂志2008，29，1： | 7 |
| 19 | Analysis of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 gene polymorphism in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis显示文摘AIM:To investigate a genetic polymorphism of the monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1 ) gene in patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP).METHODS:MCP-1 genotyping was performed in 23 patients with SBP and 83 cirrhotic control patients with non-infected ascites.RESULTS:The frequency of carriers of the G-allele was lower in SBP patients but this difference did not reach statistical significance. However,in the subgroup of patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (n=80),carriers of the G-allele were significantly less frequent in SBP-patients (38.1%) than in cirrhotic controls (67.8%,P=0.021). CONCLUSION:In patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis,the-2518 MCP-1 genotype AA is a risk factor for the development of SBP. | Erwin Gbele Marcus Mhlbauer Hartwig Paulo Monika Johann Christin Meltzer Franz Leidl Norbert Wodarz Reiner Wiest Jrgen Schlmerich Claus Hellerbrand | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，44： | 7 |
| 20 | The crossroads of receptor-mediated signaling and endocytosis in plants显示文摘Plants deploy numerous plasma membrane receptors to sense and rapidly react to environmental changes. Correct localization and adequate protein levels of the cell-surface receptors are critical for signaling activation and modulation of plant development and defense against pathogens. After ligand binding, receptors are internalized for degradation and signaling attenuation. However, one emerging notion is that the ligand-induced endocytosis of receptor complexes is important for the signal duration, ampli tude, and specificity. Recently, mutants of major endocytosis players, including clathrin and dynamin have been shown to display defects in activation of a subset of signal transduction pathways, implying that signaling in plants might not be solely restricted to the plasma membrane. Here, we summarize the up-to-date knowledge of receptor complex endocytosis and its effect on the signaling outcome, in the context of plant development and immunity. | Lucas Alves Neubus Claus Daniel V.Savatin Eugenia Russinova | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2018，60，9： | 5 |
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