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| 1 | Overview of hepatitis B virus mutations and theirimplications in the management of infection显示文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV)affects approximately two billion people worldwide and more than 240 million people in the world are currently chronic carrier that could develop serious complications in the future,like liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma.Although an extended HBV immunization program is being carried out since the early‘80s,representing effective preventive measure,leading to a dramatic reduction of HBV hepatitis incidence,globally HBV infection still represents a major public health problem.The HBV virus is a DNA virus belongs to the Hepadnaviridae family.The HBV-DNA is a circular,partial double strand genome.All coding information is on the minus DNA strand and it is organized into four open reading frames.Despite hepatitis B virus is a DNA virus,it has a high mutation rate due to its replicative strategy,that leads to the production of many nonidentical variants at each cycle of replication.In fact,it contains a polymerase without the proofreading activity,and uses an RNA intermediate(pg RNA)during its replication,so error frequencies are comparable to those seen in retroviruses and other RNA viruses rather than in more stable DNA viruses.Due to the low fidelity of the polymerase,the high replication rate and the overlapping reading frames,mutations occur throughout the genome and they have been identified both in the structural and not structural gene.The arise of mutations being to develop of a whole of viral variants called'quasi-species'and the prevalent population,which favors virus replication,was selected by viral fitness,host’s immune pressure and external pressure,i.e.,vaccination or antiviral therapy.Naturally occurring mutations were found both in acute and chronic subjects.In the present review we examine and discuss the most recent available data about HBV genetic variability and its significance. | Patrizia Caligiuri Rita Cerruti Giancarlo Icardi Bianca Bruzzone | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，1： | 25 |
| 2 | Proangiogenic Cytokines as Hypoxia-Dependent Factors Stimulating Migration of Human Hepatic Stellate Cells显示文摘 | Erica Novo Stefania Cannito Elena Zamara Lorenzo Valfrè di Bonzo Alessandra Caligiuri Carlo Cravanzola Alessandra Compagnone Sebastiano Colombatto Fabio Marra Massimo Pinzani Maurizio Parola | 2007 | The American Journal of Pathology2007，，6： | 6 |
| 3 | Biology of human natural killer cell subsets 显示文摘 | Cooper MA Fehniger TA Caligiuri MA | 2001 | Trends Immunol2001，22，5： | 2 |
| 4 | The biology of human natural killer- cell subsets显示文摘 | Cooper MA Fehniger TA Caligiuri MA | 2001 | Trends Immunol2001，22，11： | 1 |
| 5 | Human natural killer cells显示文摘 | CALIGIURI MA | 2008 | Blood2008，112，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Handwriting movement an- aJyses for monitoring drug-induced motor side effects in schizophrenia patients treated with risperidone 显示文摘 | Caligiuri MP Teulings HL Dean CE | 2010 | Psychiatry Res2010，177，12： | 1 |
| 7 | The biology of human natural killer-cell subsets 显示文摘 | Cooper MA Fehniger TA Caligiuri MA | 2001 | Trends Immunol2001，22，11： | 1 |
| 8 | Isolation of 'side population' progenitor cells from healthy arteries of adult mice显示文摘 | SAINZ J AL HAJ ZEN A CALIGIURI G | 2006 | Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol2006，26，2： | 1 |
| 9 | What does it take to makea natural killer显示文摘 | Colucci F Caligiuri MA Di Santo JP | 2003 | Nat Rev Immunol2003，3，5： | 1 |
| 10 | Developing global leaders 显示文摘 | P CAlIGIURI | 2006 | Human ResourceManagement Review2006，16，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Parvovirus B19 infection during pregnancy 显示文摘 | A1 - Khan A Caligiuri A Apuzzio J | 2003 | Infec Dis Obstet Gvne- col2003，11，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Handwriting movement an- alyses for monitoring drug-induced motor side effects in schizophrenia patients treated with risperidone 显示文摘 | Caligiuri MP Teulings HL Dean CE | 2009 | Hum Mov Sei2009，28，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Dose-dependent increase of oxidative damage in the testes of rats subjected to acute iron overload显示文摘 | LUCESOLI F CALIGIURI M BOTERTI MF | 1999 | Archives Biochem Biophys1999，372，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Activation of the coagulation system dose not elicit a detectable acute phase reaction in unstable angina 显示文摘 | Liuzzi G Caligiuri G | 1996 | Am J Cadiol1996，77，： | 1 |
| 15 | Biology of human natural killer cell subsets显示文摘 | Cooper MA Fehniger TA Caligiuri MA | 2001 | Trends Immunol2001，22，2： | 1 |
| 16 | The proatherogenic role of T cells requires cell division and is dependent on the stage of the disease 显示文摘 | Khallou-laschet J Caligiuri G Groyer E | 2006 | Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol2006，26，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Inhibition by pentoxifylline of extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation by platelet-derived growth factor in hepatic stellate cells显示文摘 | Marra F Caligiuri A | 1996 | Br J Pharmacol1996，119，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Interleukin 15:biology and relevance to human disease显示文摘 | Fehniger TA Caligiuri MA | 2001 | Blood2001，97，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Human natural killer cells 显示文摘 | Caligiuri MA | 2008 | Blood2008，112，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Immune system activaton follows inflammation in unstable angina: pathogenetic imphcation显示文摘 | Caligiuri G Liuzzo G Biasucci LM | 1998 | J Am Coll Cardiol1998，32，5： | 1 |
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