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| 1 | New technologies to investigate the brain-gut axis显示文摘Functional gastrointestinal disorders are commonly encountered in clinical practice, and pain is their commonest presenting symptom. In addition, patients with these disorders often demonstrate a heightened sensitivity to experimental visceral stimulation, termed visceral pain hypersensitivity that is likely to be important in their pathophysiology. Knowledge of how the brain processes sensory information from visceral structures is still in its infancy. However, our understanding has been propelled by technological imaging advances such as functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Positron Emission To-mography, Magnetoencephalography, and Electroen-cephalography (EEG). Numerous human studies have non-invasively demonstrated the complexity involved in functional pain processing, and highlighted a number of subcortical and cortical regions involved. This review will focus on the neurophysiological pathways (primary afferents, spinal and supraspinal transmission), brain- imaging techniques and the influence of endogenous and psychological processes in healthy controls and patients suffering from functional gastrointestinal dis- orders. Special attention will be paid to the newer EEG source analysis techniques. Understanding the pheno- typic differences that determine an individual's response to injurious stimuli could be the key to understanding why some patients develop pain and hyperalgesia in response to inflammation/injury while others do not. For future studies, an integrated approach is required incorporating an individual's psychological, autonomic, neuroendocrine, neurophysiological, and genetic prof ile to def ine phenotypic traits that may be at greater risk of developing sensitised states in response to gut in? am- mation or injury. | Abhishek Sharma Dina Lelic Christina Brock Peter Paine Qasim Aziz | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，2： | 15 |
| 2 | 贵州桐梓奥陶系十字铺组疑源类显示文摘贵州桐梓红花园 Llanvirn期十字铺组产出保存良好的疑源类 ,可以和国内、外同期疑源类组合进行对比。十字铺组疑源类的丰富和多样性表明其沉积环境应为正常浅海相。Arbusculidi-um,Coryphidium和 Striatotheca等典型分子的出现 ,表明 Llanvirn期扬子地台属于环冈瓦纳疑源类生物地理区。 | 李军 王怿 Rainer Brocke | 2000 | 微体古生物学报2000，17，1： | 13 |
| 3 | Pathophysiology of chronic pancreatitis显示文摘Chronic pancreatitis(CP)is an inflammatory disease of the pancreas characterized by progressive fibrotic destruction of the pancreatic secretory parenchyma.Despite the heterogeneity in pathogenesis and involved risk factors,processes such as necrosis/apoptosis,inflammation or duct obstruction are involved.This fibrosing process ultimately leads to progressive loss of the lobular morphology and structure of the pancreas,deformation of the large ducts and severe changes in the arrangement and composition of the islets.These conditions lead to irreversible morphological and structural changes resulting in impairment of both exocrine and endocrine functions.The prevalence of the disease is largely dependent on culture and geography.The etiological risk-factors associated with CP are multiple and involve both genetic and environmental factors.Throughout this review the M-ANNHEIM classification system will be used,comprising a detailed description of risk factors such as:alcohol-consumption,nicotineconsumption,nutritional factors,hereditary factors,efferent duct factors,immunological factors and miscellaneous and rare metabolic factors.Increased knowledge of the different etiological factors may encourage the use of further advanced diagnostic tools,which potentially will help clinicians to diagnose CP at an earlier stage.However,in view of the multi factorial disease and the complex clinical picture,it is not surprising that treatment of patients with CP is challenging and often unsuccessful. | Christina Brock Lecia Mφller Nielsen Dina Lelic Asbjφrn Mohr Drewes | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，42： | 11 |
| 4 | Chaboche热粘塑性损伤模型的应用研究显示文摘本文讨论了Chaboche粘塑性模型的材料参数确定问题,提出了一种简单实用的模型参数确定方法,并用本文提出的方法确定了TiAl材料的Chaboche模型参数,并用这些参数进行了不同应变率下的拉伸模拟计算、不同应力下的蠕变模拟计算和CT试样在阶梯载荷下的蠕变模拟计算。 | 张克实 Brocks Wolfgang | 2002 | 航空动力学报2002，17，5： | 11 |
| 5 | 根治性手术与短程放疗后行经肛门内镜显微手术(TEM)保留器官治疗早期直肠癌(TREC):一项随机、开放标签的可行性研究显示文摘背景:基于全直肠系膜切除(total mesorectal excision,TME)的根治性手术可能不是早期直肠癌的最佳一线治疗。选择性TME保留器官的策略可以减少治疗的不良反应,又不会显著影响肿瘤结果。该临床随机研究通过与TME比较,探讨器官保留策略的可行性。方法:TREC是一项在英国21个三级转诊中心进行的随机、开放标签的可行性研究。符合条件的受试者年龄≥18岁,分期为T2期或更早,最大直径不超过30 mm;排除淋巴结受累或转移的患者。患者按计算机随机分配(1:1)接受短程放疗保留器官,8~10周后行经肛门内镜显微手术(transanal endo⁃scopic microsurgery,TEM)或TME术。当TEM标本组织病理学特征提示局部复发风险增加时,患者被考虑计划早期转为TME。一项非随机前瞻性登记收集了认为不适合随机化的患者,因为每例患者都是按临床指征治疗的。主要终点为12、18和24个月的累积随机分组。次要结局为应用欧洲癌症研究与治疗组织(EORTC)QLQ C30和CR29量表对意向治疗人群的安全性、有效性和健康相关生活质量进行了评价。该研究已在ISRCTN注册中心注册,ISRCTN14422743。 | 佟伟华 BACH S P GILBERT A BROCK K | 2021 | 结直肠肛门外科2021，27，3： | 9 |
| 6 | Assessment of the cardiovascular and gastrointestinal autonomic complications of diabetes显示文摘The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing; arguably as a consequence of changes in diet, lifestyle and the trend towards urbanization. Unsurprisingly, the incidence of both micro and macrovascular complications of diabetes mirrors this increasing prevalence. Amongst the complications with the highest symptom burden, yet frequently under-diagnosed and sub-optimally treated, is diabetic autonomic neuropathy, itself potentially resulting in cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy and gastrointestinal(GI) tract dysmotility. The aims of this review are fourfold. Firstly to provide an overview of the pathophysiological processes that cause diabetic autonomic neuropathy. Secondly, to discuss both the established and emerging cardiometric methods for evaluating autonomic nervous system function in vivo. Thirdly, to examine the tools for assessing pan-GI and segmental motility and finally, we will provide the reader with a summary of putative non-invasive biomarkers that provide a pathophysiological link between lowgrade neuro inflammation and diabetes, which may allow earlier diagnosis and intervention, which in future may improve patient outcomes. | Christina Brock Birgitte Brock Anne Grave Pedersen Asbjorn Mohr Drewes Niels Jessen Adam D Farmer | 2016 | World Journal of Diabetes2016，7，16： | 5 |
| 7 | Effects of supplementation of green tea extract on the milk performance of peripartal dairy cows and the expression of stress response genes in the liver显示文摘Background: We hypothesised that supplementation of green tea extract(GTE) in dairy cows during the transition period can attenuate proinflammatory conditions and prevent endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress in the liver of these cows. Thirty Holstein cows with an average parity of 3.06(± 1.31, SD) were divided into a control group and a group that received a daily amount of 10 g of GTE from d 7 before the calving day and a daily amount of 20 g of GTE from the day of calving until d 7 of lactation.Results: Cows supplemented with GTE did not show differences in energy intake or milk yield in weeks 2–7 of lactation. However, these cows had a lower milk fat concentration and a lower energy corrected milk yield than the control cows and showed a trend of improved energy balance. The relative m RNA concentrations of proinflammatory genes, genes involved in the acute phase reaction and antioxidant genes in the liver in weeks 1, 4 and 7 of lactation were not different between the two groups of cows. The concentrations of α-tocopherol and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity in plasma were not different between the two groups. However, the group supplemented with GTE showed significant reductions of some genes of the unfolded protein response(UPR) in week 1 and a trend of lower liver triacylglycerol(TAG) concentrations in the liver compared to the control group.Conclusions: This study shows that supplementation of GTE in dairy cows lowers the fat concentration in the milk but overall has no effect on the expression of inflammatory genes and the antioxidative status in dairy cows during early lactation. The finding of reduced m RNA levels of genes involved in the UPR at week 1, however, supports other results showing that supplementation of polyphenols could prevent the development of ER stress in the liver of cows during early lactation. The finding of a tendency towards a reduced TAG concentration in the liver of cows supplemented with GTE might be due to an improved energy balance in these cows. | Denise K.Gessner Corinna Brock Lena M.Hof Erika Most Christian Koch Klaus Eder | 2020 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2020，11，4： | 5 |
| 8 | Brain changes in diabetes mellitus patients withgastrointestinal symptoms显示文摘Diabetes mellitus is a common disease and its prevalence is increasing worldwide. In various studies up to 30%-70% of patients present dysfunction and complications related to the gut. To date several clinical studies have demonstrated that autonomic nervous system neuropathy and generalized neuropathy of the central nervous system(CNS) may play a major role. This systematic review provides an overview of the neurodegenerative changes that occur as a consequence of diabetes with a focus on the CNS changes and gastrointestinal(GI) dysfunction. Animal models where diabetes was induced experimentally support that the disease induces changes in CNS. Recent investigations with electroencephalography and functional brain imaging in patients with diabetes confirm these structural and functional brain changes. Encephalographic studies demonstrated that altered insular processing of sensory stimuli seems to be a key player in symptom generation. In fact one study indicated that the more GI symptoms the patients experienced, the deeper the insular electrical source was located. The electroencephalography was often used in combination with quantitative sensory testingmainly showing hyposensitivity to stimulation of GI organs. Imaging studies on patients with diabetes and GI symptoms mainly showed microstructural changes,especially in brain areas involved in visceral sensory processing. As the electrophysiological and imaging changes were associated with GI and autonomic symptoms they may represent a future therapeutic target for treating diabetics either pharmacologically or with neuromodulation. | Anne M Drewes Eirik Søfteland Georg Dimcevski Adam D Farmer Christina Brock Jens B Frøkjær Klaus Krogh Asbjørn M Drewes | 2016 | World Journal of Diabetes2016，7，2： | 4 |
| 9 | 镁基石灰复合喷吹铁水脱硫技术的工艺优势显示文摘客户对于高品质钢的不断需求推动着铁水外部脱硫技术的发展。从相对简单的机械搅拌法到较成熟的喷吹技术,炼钢工作者不断地在生产成本和操作效率之间寻求最佳的平衡点。镁和石灰复合喷吹法是一项经过生产实践证明了的成熟技术,为炼钢生产者们提供了一种可靠的、可重复且满足生产需要的经济脱硫方法。 | Brock Gadsdon 刘艳波 | 2009 | 钢铁2009，44，7： | 4 |
| 10 | Evaluation of stapler hepatectomy during a laparoscopic liver resection显示文摘 | Joseph F. Buell Brice Gayet Ho‐Seong Han Go Wakabayashi Ki‐Hun Kim Giulio Belli Robert Cannon Bob Saggi Hiro Keneko Alan Koffron Guy Brock Ibrahim Dagher | 2013 | HPB2013，，11： | 3 |
| 11 | Indole methylation protects diketopiperazine configuration in the maremycin biosynthetic pathway显示文摘The maremycin biosynthetic gene cluster has been identified in Streptomyces sp. B9173. Comparative metabolic profiling with knockout mutant strains led to the identification of new products correlated to the maremycin biosynthesis, in particular the'demethyl'-maremycins with an unexpected D-tryptophan unit. A biosynthetic pathway for the maremycins is proposed and plausible reasoning for tryptophan epimerization in the demethylmaremycin biosynthesis is also provided. | Yingxia Lan Yi Zou Tingting Huang Xiaozheng Wang Nelson L. Brock Zixin Deng Shuangjun Lin | 2016 | Science China Chemistry2016，59，9： | 3 |
| 12 | The Green Solow model显示文摘 | William A. Brock M. Scott Taylor | 2010 | Journal of Economic Growth2010，，2： | 3 |
| 13 | Toward dynamic and attribute based publication, discovery and selection for cloud computing显示文摘 | Andrzej Goscinski Michael Brock | 2010 | Future Generation Computer Systems2010，，7： | 2 |
| 14 | 丹麦肉鸡业面临的机遇与挑战显示文摘丹麦的肉鸡业被看做是整个北欧肉鸡业的标杆,它的强大在于其规模的可控性。有许多经验值得中国学习。但同时,丹麦肉鸡产业也面临许多问题,如鸡的福利问题、抗生素使用问题等,因此丹麦肉鸡产业是机遇与挑战并存。 | Fabian Brocktter 叶岚 | 2013 | 世界农业2013，，9： | 2 |
| 15 | Graptolite, Chitinozoan and Scolecodont Reflectances and Their Use as Indicators of Thermal Maturity显示文摘Based on studies of the reflectance of Ordovician and Silurian zooclasts from 11 sections around the Huangling Anticline, Hubei, China, combined with determination of the conodont colour alteration indices (CAI) and of infrared spectroscopy of dispersed organic matter from the same or adjacent horizons, it is further proved that reflectances of graptolites, chitinozoans and scolecldonts, like vitrinite and natural bitumen, increase with increasing maturation, but follow different reflectance paths. They may be used, therefore, as thermal maturation indicators. Graptolites display optically strong anisotropy. The maximum reflectance measured from graptolite on polished section cut parallel to the bedding plane is the most suitable for determination of maturation of their host rocks. In polished section chitinozoan and scolecodont show reflectance, but no bireflectance owing to their isotropy. The random reflectance of chitinozoans is higher than that of scolecodonts in the case of the same maturity. By analysing the distribution trends of graptolite, chitionzoan and scolecodont reflectances, the Ordovician and Silurian strata can be subdivided into three areas of maturation in the present region. The potential of oil or gas generation is discussed for each area. The result is basically coincident with the distribution pattern of regional organic maturation presented by CAI and infrared spectroscopic determination of organic matter. | Andreas Hoffknecht Rainer Bainer Brocke Bernd-D. Erdtmann | 1993 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)1993，67，1： | 2 |
| 16 | 临界转换的早期预警信号显示文摘从生态系统到金融市场和气候在内的很多复杂动力系统,都会有临界点,在这样的点上系统可能会发生突变,从而演变到一个对立的动力模式上。在这样的临界点到达之前对其进行预测极为困难,但是现在,不同科学领域的研究工作表明,普遍性的早期预警信号有迹可循。对一系列不同类型的系统来说,这些信号会指示是否正在趋近一个临界阈值。 | Marten Scheffer Jordi Bascompte William A. Brock Victor Brovkin Stephen R. Carpenter Vasilis Dakos Hermann Held Egbert H. van Nes Max Rietkerk George Sugihara 李迎春 闫伟 蒋长胜(译) 左玉玲(校) | 2009 | 国际地震动态2009，，9： | 2 |
| 17 | 骨巨细胞瘤治疗新突破——狄诺塞麦显示文摘骨巨细胞瘤(GCTB)是一种富含巨细胞的侵袭性、溶骨性病变,特征为大量多核破骨细胞样巨细胞聚集、表达细胞核因子κB受体活化因子配体(RANKL),目前还没有一种方法可彻底有效治愈,尤其是对无法手术的GCTB。近年文献报道在进行性或无法手术的GCTB患者中使用狄诺塞麦(denosumab),可观察到肿瘤成分明显改变、骨破坏减少及临床有效性。狄诺塞麦是一种人RANKL单克隆抗体,与核因子κB受体活化因子(RANK)结合具有很高的亲和性和特异性。以往很多大规模Ⅲ期试验研究已表明,狄诺塞麦在降低各种肿瘤引起的骨破坏方面明显优于二磷酸盐,还可延缓骨转移出现。该文对相关文献进行回顾,并就狄诺塞麦在GCTB治疗中存在的问题进行探讨。 | 许宋锋 Brock Adams 于秀淳 徐明 | 2013 | 国际骨科学杂志2013，34，6： | 2 |
| 18 | Stellenwert der Real-Time Elastografie zur Steuerung der systematischen Prostatabiopsie bei M?nnern mit unauff?lligem digital-rektalen Tastbefund显示文摘 | M. Brock T. Eggert B. L?ppenberg K. Braun F. Roghmann R. Palisaar J. Noldus C. von Bodman | 2013 | Aktuel Urol2013，，01： | 2 |
| 19 | Technological,environmental and biological factors:referent variance values for infrared imaging of the bovine显示文摘Background:Despite its variety of potential applications,the wide implementation of infrared technology in cattle production faces technical,environmental and biological challenges similar to other indicators of metabolic state.Nine trials,divided into three classes(technological,environmental and biological factors) were conducted to illustrate the influence of these factors on body surface temperature assessed through infrared imaging.Results:Evaluation of technological factors indicated the following:measurements of body temperatures were strongly repeatable when taken within 10 s;appropriateness of differing infrared camera technologies was influenced by distance to the target;and results were consistent when analysis of thermographs was compared between judges.Evaluation of environmental factors illustrated that wind and debris caused decreases in body surface temperatures without affecting metabolic rate;additionally,body surface temperature increased due to sunlight but returned to baseline values within minutes of shade exposure.Examination/investigation/exploration of animal factors demonstrated that exercise caused an increase in body surface temperature and metabolic rate.Administration of sedative and anti-sedative caused changes on body surface temperature and metabolic rate,and during late pregnancy a foetal thermal imprint was visible through abdominal infrared imaging.Conclusion:The above factors should be considered in order to standardize operational procedures for taking thermographs,thereby optimizing the use of such technology in cattle operations. | Yuri R.Montanholi Melissa Lim Alaina Macdonald Brock A.Smith Christy Goldhawk Karen Schwartzkopf-Genswein Stephen P.Miller | 2015 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2015，6，4： | 2 |
| 20 | Management of Complications Associated with Partially Covered Biliary Metal Stents显示文摘 | Henry Ho Anshu Mahajan Sonia Gosain Animesh Jain Andrew Brock Michele E. Rehan Kristi Ellen Vanessa M. Shami Michel Kahaleh | 2010 | Digestive Diseases and Sciences2010，，2： | 2 |
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