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| 1 | 鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗纪煤的煤岩特征及成因分析显示文摘鄂尔多斯盆地侏罗系发育多层厚煤层,煤质优良,储量巨大,且构造简单,埋深较浅,具有很大的开采价值。该岩系独特的煤岩特征与其成煤沼泽环境有密切联系,即内陆湖泊发育有关的河流体系上部的一系列高位沼泽;泥炭埋藏后继续经历不同程度的氧化阶段,使得煤岩组分中惰性组分含量普遍偏高,而镜质组分普遍经受一定程度的丝炭化作用而成为半镜质体。研究表明盆地中侏罗系煤系中煤的宏观煤岩主要以半暗煤和暗淡煤为主,半亮煤和光亮煤占次要地位;在盆地边缘,特别是靠近盆地北部物源地区,半暗煤、暗淡煤含量比例较高,往南向盆地中心部位半亮煤和光亮煤逐渐增多,表明沉积环境和成煤沼泽环境对煤岩组分具有主要控制作用;含煤岩系中,特别是煤层下部砂岩越厚,颗粒越粗,显微煤岩组分中丝质体含量越高,而且其结构完整、清晰,半镜质体含量也越高,植物细胞结构越完整和规则。埋藏后顶底板岩性还会继续影响煤岩组分的演化过程。煤层顶底板砂体由于物性条件好,孔隙水仍可长时间处于氧化与循环流通状态,使得各煤岩组分能长时间处于氧化状态,有利于丝炭化作用进行;相反,在盆地中心,湖泊相发育,泥炭被埋藏之后迅速被泥岩覆盖,煤层很快处于还原缺氧环境,凝胶化作用得以充分进行,镜质组的含量就会增高。研究还发现,壳质组常常在煤层中的某一部位富集,虽然整个煤层中其平均含量不高,但是却对煤层的总体生烃能力会有很大贡献。以往的研究成果中,壳质组含量常常被低估,尤其是呈流动状态的沥青质体,因为它最容易流动到刚性比较强的丝质体内部或各种裂隙中而常常被忽略,在以后的研究中值得加以重视。 | 黄文辉 敖卫华 翁成敏 肖秀玲 刘大锰 唐修义 陈萍 赵志根 万欢 FINKELMAN Bob | 2010 | 现代地质2010，24，6： | 64 |
| 2 | 藏北高原地区地表辐射出支和能量平衡的季节变化显示文摘对青藏高原地区地表能量的研究是一个十分重要的问题.基于中日合作项目“全球协调加强观测计划之亚澳季风青藏高原试验”(CAMP/Tibet)在2001年8月至2002年9月的观测数据资料,分析研究了青藏高原藏北地区地表能量,即净辐射通量、感热通量、潜热通量和土壤热通量等的变化规律,获得了有关藏北高原地表能量的新认识. | 马伟强 马耀明 李茂善 Z.(Bob)SU 王介民 | 2005 | 冰川冻土2005，27，5： | 45 |
| 3 | Neutrophil extracellular trap cell death requires both autophagy and superoxide generation显示文摘嗜中性的细胞外的陷井(网) 是能套住并且降级的细胞外的染色质结构微生物。他们从激活称为网络房间死亡,或 NETosis 的一个房间死亡程序的 neutrophils 产生。NETosis 的激活被显示了包含 NADPH oxidase 活动,原子信封的崩溃和大多数小粒膜,网的原子染色质和形成的 decondensation。我们报导在 phorbol,十四酸盐醋酸盐(PMA ) 刺激了 neutrophils,细胞内部的染色质 decondensation 和网形成跟随 autophagy 和 superoxide 生产,哪个被要求调停导致 PMA 的 NETosis 并且独立于对方发生。从有长期的 granulomatous 疾病的病人的 Neutrophils,缺乏 NADPH oxidase 活动,仍然展出导致 PMA 的 autophagy。相反地,导致 PMA 的 NADPH oxidase 活动没被 autophagy 的药理学抑制影响。有趣地,任何一个 autophagy 的抑制或 NADPH oxidase 阻止细胞内部的染色质 decondensation,它为 NETosis 和网形成是必要的,并且导致 apoptosis 的特点描绘的房间死亡。当 autophagy 或 NADPH oxidase 活动被阻止时,这些结果显示 apoptosis 可能为 NETosis 作为一个备份节目工作。 | Quinten Remij sen Tom Vanden Berghe Ellen Wirawan Bob Asselbergh Eef Parthoens Riet De Rycke Sam Noppen Michel Delforge Jean Wlllems Peter Vandenabeele | 2011 | Cell Research2011，21，2： | 46 |
| 4 | 细小泥沙粒径对迷宫流道灌水器堵塞的影响显示文摘为探明细小泥沙粒径对迷宫流道灌水器抗堵塞性能的影响,该文以内镶片式斜齿形迷宫流道灌水器为研究对象,应用类短周期堵塞测验方法对8种粒径小于0.1 mm的泥沙颗粒进行浑水测试。在此基础上,分析了泥沙粒径和含沙量对灌水器堵塞的影响,探讨引起灌水器发生堵塞时的敏感粒径范围与含沙量水平。试验结果表明:对于粒径小于0.1 mm的细小颗粒,含沙量是引起灌水器堵塞的主要原因,当浑水含沙量水平大于1.25 g/L时,影响尤其显著,呈正相关关系;粒径对堵塞的影响并不是单调的递增或递减,堵塞发生的敏感粒径范围在0.03~0.04 mm之间。试验结果有助于进一步提高含沙水源滴灌的应用水平。 | 刘璐 牛文全 Bob Zhou | 2012 | 农业工程学报2012，28，1： | 41 |
| 5 | Advanced casting technologies for lightweight automotive applications显示文摘This paper provides an overview of alloy and process developments in aluminum and magnesium castings for lightweight automotive applications. Wear-resistant aluminum alloys, creep-resistant and high strength/ductility magnesium alloys have been developed for automotive applications. On the process front, vacuumassisted die casting and high vacuum die casting technologies have been developed for high-integrity body and chassis applications. Thin-wall and hollow casting components are being produced by low-pressure die casting processes for structural applications. Overcasting technology is gaining traction and has enabled mixed material designs for automotive sub-systems such as engine cradles and instrument panel beams. Simulation tools developed to predict the interfacial interactions of the dissimilar components and the structural integrity of the overcast systems are being validated in the casting trials. | Alan A.Luo Anil K.Sachdev Bob R.Powell | 2010 | China Foundry2010，7，4： | 29 |
| 6 | Electro-acupuncture to prevent prolonged postoperative ileus:A randomized clinical trial显示文摘AIM:To examine whether acupuncture can prevent prolonged postoperative ileus(PPOI)after intraperitoneal surgery for colon cancer. METHODS:Ninety patients were recruited from the Fudan University Cancer Hospital,Shanghai,China. After surgery,patients were randomized to receive acupuncture(once daily,starting on postoperative day 1, for up to six consecutive days)or usual care.PPOI was defined as an inability to pass flatus or have a bowel movement by 96 h after surgery.The main outcomes were time to first flatus,time to first bowel movement, and electrogastroenterography.Secondary outcomes were quality of life(QOL)measures,including pain, nausea,insomnia,abdominal distension/fullness,and sense of well-being. RESULTS:No significant differences in PPOI on day 4 (P=0.71)or QOL measures were found between the groups.There were also no group differences when the data were analyzed by examining those whose PPOI had resolved by day 5(P=0.69)or day 6(P= 0.88).No adverse events related to acupuncture were reported. CONCLUSION:Acupuncture did not prevent PPOI andwas not useful for treating PPOI once it had developed in this population. | M Kay Garcia Joseph S Chiang Bob Thornton J Lynn Palmer Jennifer McQuade Lorenzo Cohen | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，1： | 27 |
| 7 | 汽车轻量化先进铸造技术显示文摘全面评述了用于汽车轻量化的铸造铝和镁合金及铸造工艺的发展。已开发的汽车用新型合金有耐磨铝合金、抗蠕变镁合金及高强度/韧性镁合金。在工艺前沿方面,开发了真空辅助压铸和高真空压铸技术,用于生产高整体性的车体和底盘零件。用低压金属型铸造工艺生产结构用薄壁空心铸件。包覆铸造技术不断得到发展,使用混合材料设计汽车的子系统,例如发动机支架、仪表板梁成为可能。开发的模拟工具用来预测不同组分之间的界面相互反应和包覆铸造系统的结构完整性,并且已被铸造实验证实。 | 罗爱华 Anil K. Sachdev Bob R. Powell 申泽骥(翻译) | 2011 | 铸造2011，60，2： | 25 |
| 8 | Diagnosis of gastrointestinal bleeding: A practical guide for clinicians显示文摘Gastrointestinal bleeding is a common problem encountered in the emergency department and in the primary care setting. Acute or overt gastrointestinal bleeding is visible in the form of hematemesis, melena or hematochezia. Chronic or occult gastrointestinal bleeding is notapparent to the patient and usually presents as positive fecal occult blood or iron deficiency anemia. Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding is recurrent bleeding when the source remains unidentified after upper endoscopy and colonoscopic evaluation and is usually from the small intestine. Accurate clinical diagnosis is crucial and guides definitive investigations and interventions. This review summarizes the overall diagnostic approach to gastrointestinal bleeding and provides a practical guide for clinicians. | Bong Sik Matthew Kim Bob T Li Alexander Engel Jaswinder S Samra Stephen Clarke Ian D Norton Angela E Li | 2014 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pathophysiology2014，5，4： | 13 |
| 9 | 关于升级改造活禽市场降低禽流感循环传播风险的初步研究显示文摘选择广州某活禽批发市场为试点,在对该活禽市场重要环节调查分析基础上,采取对活禽市场生物安全设施升级改造,加强相关人员生物安全知识培训,对禽类尸体和粪便等废弃物加强管理等措施,以降低禽流感病毒在活禽交易市场流通链中持续循环的风险。 | Bob Burden 郭福生 彭聪 Martin Vincent 贾贝贝 王杰 钟江国 彭南秀 王永玲 刘拥军 | 2013 | 中国动物检疫2013，30，6： | 12 |
| 10 | 伴有脑肿胀的大脑和小脑梗死的管理推荐意见美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会对医疗专业人员的声明显示文摘背景和目的关于缺血性卒中后脑肿胀患者的最佳管理方案,仍有许多尚未确定的问题。需要制定相关指南来指导如何处理这种严重并发症,如何提供最佳的综合性神经科和内科治疗,以及在患者病情恶化时如何与面临外科干预复杂决策的家属进行良好的沟通。本科学声明为大脑或小脑半球缺血性卒中伴脑肿胀的患者提供了早期的管理方案。方法写作组利用系统文献综述,参考公开发表的临床和流行病学研究、发病率和死亡率报告、临床与公共卫生指南、权威声明、个人文件以及专家意见,对现有证据进行总结并指出与当前知识水平的差距。写作组通过对MEDLINE、EMBASE和Web of Science数据库进行医学文献计算机检索(最后检索时间为2013年3月,研究对象为成年人)回顾最相关的文献。在美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,ARIA)框架背景下对证据进行组织,根据AHA/美国心脏病学学会基金会以及AHA卒中委员会的证据强度分级方案进行分类。这份声明经过AHA内部的广泛同行评议。结果已有适用于由缺血性梗死引起的半球(累及整个大脑中动脉供血区或更大范围)和小脑(累及小脑后下动脉或小脑上动脉供血区)肿胀的临床标准。幕上半球缺血性卒中伴脑肿胀发生恶化的临床表现包括新发意识障碍或意识障碍加重、脑性上睑下垂以及瞳孔大小变化。在小脑梗死伴肿胀患者中,意识水平下降是脑干受压的结果,因此可能出现早期角膜反射丧失和瞳孔缩小。应制定标准化定义以促进多中心和基于人群的发病率、患病率、危险因素和转归研究。脑肿胀高危患者的识别应包括临床和神经影像学资料。如果大面积卒中患者有必要进入全面复苏状态,则需要收入具备神经监护功能的病房。这些患者最好被收入由技术熟练和经验丰富的医生(如神经重症监护医生或神经血管科医生)负责的重症监护室或卒中单元。综合性医疗管理包括气道管理和机械通气、血压控制、液体管理以及血糖和体温控制。在幕上半球缺血性卒中伴肿胀患者中,不需行常规颅内压监测或脑脊液引流,但神经功能继续恶化的患者应考虑行去骨瓣减压和硬脑膜切开术。去骨瓣减压术在≥60岁的患者中的疗效尚不确定。在神经功能恶化的小脑卒中伴肿胀患者中,应行枕骨下颅骨切除和硬脑膜切开术。当应用脑室造瘘术缓解小脑梗死后梗阻性脑积水时,应同时行枕骨下颅骨切除术以防小脑向上移位导致的病情恶化。幕上半球梗死伴肿胀患者可获得令人满意的转归,但即使行去骨瓣减压术,仍有1/3的患者会遗留严重残疾和完全生活依赖。多数小脑梗死患者在术后能获得可接受的功能转归。结论大脑和小脑梗死伴肿胀是需要立即给予专业神经重症监护、并常需要进行神经外科干预的危重情况。去骨瓣减压术是很多患者的必然治疗选择,经过选择的患者能从中受益匪浅,尽管他们可能会遗留残疾,但仍可生活自理。 | Eelco F. M. Wijdicks Kevin N. Sheth Bob S. Carter David M. Greer Scott E. Kasner W. Taylor Kimberly Stefan Schwab Eric E. Smith Rafael J. Tamargo Max Wintermark 王玉琴 牛牧 柯开富 | 2014 | 国际脑血管病杂志2014，22，4： | 11 |
| 11 | 母猪妊娠期和泌乳期的管理和营养显示文摘 | Bob Thaler | 2000 | 国外畜牧学(猪与禽)2000，，6： | 8 |
| 12 | 医学成像质控标准器的自主化——“数字诊疗装备研发”重点专项“医学成像与放射治疗中的质量控制体模研发”显示文摘医学成像与放射治疗的质量控制,是确保医学影像符合诊断治疗标准、保障医疗辐射安全的重要工作。'体模'是质控工作的重要工具,是成像过程中模拟人体信号的测试标准器。随着功能成像、放射治疗的发展应用,大力发展用于功能成像、多模态成像、分子成像和三维适形放疗等先进成像与放疗技术的质控体模,变得尤为重要。相对于国外完善的医学成像与放射物理质量控制体模、测试规范和质控产业,我国医学成像和物理治疗质控标准器,具体指体模,研制和开发都落后于国际水平,迫切需要大的科研投入和产业发展。 | 邱建峰 Bob Lei Hou 张照喜 姜忠德 徐桓 张福全 | 2016 | 中国医学物理学杂志2016，33，12： | 8 |
| 13 | 成都市男男性工作者艾滋病性病知信行定性研究显示文摘目的旨在了解成都市男男性工作者艾滋病性病的知信行情况,并为相关健康教育策略制定提供参考。方法运用半结构式访谈法,对访谈对象进行一对一的访谈。结果共调查21名男男性工作者(MB),年龄中位数为23岁。访谈对象普遍知道的HIV主要传播途径包括血液传播和性传播;普遍认为在同志圈和MB圈内艾滋病性病的感染率较高。21名MB中,16人报告与顾客发生肛交行为时坚持每次使用安全套,5人有时使用。联系客人的方式包括会所老板、MB朋友、常客、网络聊天室、QQ和微信等交友软件。结论 MB人群对于艾滋病性病的一般知识有一定的了解,但仍旧存在一些错误认识,如认为高危行为后及时清洗消毒可以避免HIV感染,肛交中的插入方可以不使用安全套,口交不会传染艾滋病性病等,且存在不坚持使用安全套的现象。应注意消除认识上的误区以及意识与行为间的不一致。 | 彭琳 张菊英 黎瀚东 陈瑾 马骁 James Blanchard Rob Lorway Bob Nancy Yu | 2014 | 中国健康教育2014，30，9： | 8 |
| 14 | 北美Marcellus页岩气藏多波勘探天然微裂缝检测显示文摘近年来,应用于复杂油气藏勘探的3C-3D、9C-3D等多分量地震勘探技术在裂缝性储层预测中的优势日益受到业界关注。相比于传统的纵波(PP)勘探技术,多波多分量地震勘探技术可以直接引入对岩性、裂缝等敏感的横波(PSV)信息。基于美国Marcellus页岩区3C-3D纵波-转换横波勘探地震资料,在简述快/慢转换横波(PSV-1/PSV-2)法微裂缝探测的基础上,重点论述了纵波-转换横波(PP-PSV)联合反演天然张性微裂缝识别及含气性检测过程,指出基于纵波-转换横波联合反演出的密度、纵横波速度比等组合属性参数能有效地识别天然微裂缝的开闭性,预测有利含气区带。 | 袁书坤 陈开远 Hardage Bob A 罗宏 张生根 魏水建 | 2014 | 石油物探2014，53，5： | 8 |
| 15 | Current and future applications of magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy of the brain in hepatic encepha-lopathy显示文摘肝的脑病(他) 普通 neuro 精神病学的畸形,它从肝细胞失败或 portosystemic 与肝疾病和结果复杂化病人的功课正在推延。表明他是广泛地可变的并且从温和无临床症状的骚乱包含一个系列到深昏迷。研究兴趣集中于传播导出勇气的毒素的角色,特别地氨,胀大的大脑的开发和在导致全球 CNS 消沉和混乱功能的服的 neurotransmitter 系统的变化。直到最近,服的功能的直接调查有在人是困难的。然而,当磁性的回声光谱学( 1H 太太)检测的质子在大脑生物化学变化时,新磁性的回声成像( MRI )技术在大脑体积( coregistered MRI )和损害大脑功能( fMRI )提供对变化的评价的一个非侵略的工具,包括服的 osmolytes 的直接测量,例如 myoinositol ,充斥管理对细胞的动态平衡内在的过程的使挫折和夫酸安,包括细胞内部的水的累积。这些细胞内部的 osmolytes 的集中与 hyperammonaemia 改变。有 neuropsychiatric 缺陷并且自从先生系列的严厉的检测太太的代谢物畸形相互关联向正常术后疗法回来,技术可能具有在客观耐心的监视并且在估计各种各样的治疗政体的有效性的使用。 | VP Bob Graver M Alex Dresner Daniel M Forton Serena Counsell David J Larkman Nayna Patel Howard C Thomas Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，19： | 8 |
| 16 | Practical starter pig amino acid requirements in relation to immunity,gut health and growth performance显示文摘Immune system activation begins a host of physiological responses.Infectious agents are recognized by monocytes and macrophages which in turn stimulate cytokine production.It is the hormone-like factors called cytokines that orchestrate the immune response.The classic responses observed with immune system activation and cytokine production include:anorexia,fever,lethargy,recruitment of other immune cells,and phagocytosis.While production of immune system components is known to require some amino acids,increases in amino acid requirements are more than offset by the associated decrease in protein accretion and increased muscle protein degradation that also accompanies immune system activation.However,the biggest impact of cytokine production is a decrease in feed intake.Therefore,as feed intake decreases,the energy needed to drive protein synthesis is also decreased.This suggests that diets should still be formulated on a similar calorie:lysine ratio as those formulated for non-immune challenged pigs.The evidence is sparse or equivocal for increasing nutrient requirements during an immune challenge.Nutritionists and swine producers should resist the pressure to alter the diet,limit feed,or add expensive feed additives during an immune challenge.While immune stimulation does not necessitate changes in diet formulation,when pigs are challenged with non-pathogenic diarrhea there are potential advantages on gut health with the increased use of crystalline amino acids rather than intact protein sources(i.e.,soybean meal).This is because reducing crude protein decreases the quantity of fermentable protein entering the large intestine,which lowers post weaning diarrhea.It also lowers the requirement for expensive specialty protein sources or other protein sources such as soybean meal that present immunological challenges to the gut.The objective of this review is two-fold.The first is to discuss immunity by nutrition interactions,or lack thereof,and secondly,to review amino acid requirement estimates for nursery pigs. | Bob Goodband Mike Tokach Steve Dritz Joel DeRouchey Jason Woodworth | 2014 | Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology2014，5，3： | 8 |
| 17 | Food legume production in China显示文摘Food legumes comprise all legumes grown for human food in China as either dry grains or vegetables,except for soybean and groundnut.China has a vast territory with complex ecological conditions.Rotation,intercropping,and mixed cropping involving pulses are normal cropping systems in China.Whether indigenous or introduced crops,pulses have played an important role in Chinese cropping systems and made an important contribution to food resources for humans since ancient times.The six major food legume species(pea,faba bean,common bean,mung bean,adzuki bean,and cowpea) are the most well-known pulses in China,as well as those with more local distributions;runner bean,lima bean,chickpea,lentil,grass pea,lupine,rice bean,black gram,hyacinth bean,pigeon pea,velvet bean,winged bean,guar bean,sword bean,and jack bean.China has remained the world's leading producer of peas,faba beans,mung beans,and adzuki beans in recent decades,as documented by FAO statistics and China Agriculture Statistical Reports.The demand for food legumes as a healthy food will markedly increase with the improvement of living standards in China.Since China officially joined the World Trade Organization(WTO) in2001,imports of pea from Canada and Australia have rapidly increased,resulting in reduced prices for dry pea and other food legumes.With reduced profits for food legume crops,their sowing area and total production has decreased within China.At the same time,the rising consumer demand for vegetable food legumes as a healthy food has led to attractive market prices and sharp production increases in China.Vegetable food legumes have reduced growing duration and enable flexibility in cropping systems.In the future,production of dry food legumes will range from stable to slowly decreasing,while production of vegetable food legumes will continue to increase. | Ling Li Tao Yang Rong Liu Bob Redden Fouad Maalouf Xuxiao Zong | 2017 | The Crop Journal2017，5，2： | 7 |
| 18 | 焦虑抑郁压力量表在医学生中的信效度检验显示文摘目的对焦虑抑郁压力量表(ADDI-27)进行汉化,并检验其在医学生焦虑抑郁压力评价中的信效度。方法通过翻译、回译等过程后确定中文版焦虑抑郁压力量表;选取山东某综合性大学医学部学生实施一般资料的问卷调查和焦虑抑郁压力量表评定;采用SPSS 24.0进行信度检验(Cronbachsα系数、分半信度系数)、探索性因子分析以及量表在各维度得分上的区分效度检验。结果共收集了404名医学大学生的信息,焦虑抑郁压力量表的Cronbachsα系数为0.907,分半信度系数为0.863;各因子得分上均具有较好的区分效度(P均<0.001),探索性因子分析共抽取3个因子,各因子所包含条目与原量表相同。结论焦虑抑郁压力量表具有较好的信度和效度,在医学大学生群体中被证实是有效、可行的。 | 池岩娜 刘西瑶 巨艳丽 尹周一 Bob Lew 贾存显 | 2019 | 山东大学学报(医学版)2019，57，9： | 7 |
| 19 | 峰度在噪声所致生物效应评价方面的研究进展显示文摘 | 邱伟 Roger P.Hamernik Bob Davis 赵一鸣 | 2006 | 中华医学杂志2006，86，11： | 7 |
| 20 | The role of statins in both cognitive impairment and protection against dementia:a tale of two mechanisms显示文摘Nearly 30% of adults 40 years and older in the United States are on a statin.Their widespread use heightens the importance of careful consideration of their varied effects on the body.Although randomized controlled trials have not confirmed cognitive impairing effects with statins,continuing evidence suggests statins have the ability to cause reversible cognitive impairment in some patients.Paradoxically,statins have also been shown to decrease the risk of dementia,Alzheimer’s disease,and improve cognitive impairment in some cases.However,randomized controlled trials have similarly failed to find the beneficial effect.Supporting evidence for both claims is compelling whereas known limitations of the clinical trials may explain the lack of findings.This narrative review aims to explain why there is still controversy and how both effects can,and may,be possible.The mechanisms that have been hypothesized for each effect are seemingly independent from one another and may explain the contradicting results.Being mindful of the complex effects of statins,health care providers need to be able to identify patients who are at risk for or already experiencing cognitive impairment from statin use while also identifying those who could potentially decrease their risk of dementia with statins. | Bob G.Schultz Denise K.Patten Daniel J.Berlau | 2018 | Translational Neurodegeneration2018，7，1： | 6 |
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