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| 1 | C:N:P stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the soil microbial biomass in a grazed grassland site under experimental P limitation or exces显示文摘Introduction:The availability of essential nutrients,such as nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P),can feedback on soil carbon(C)and the soil microbial biomass.Natural cycles can be supplemented by agricultural fertiliser addition,and we determined whether the stoichiometry and nutrient limitation of the microbial biomass could be affected by an unbalanced nutrient supply.Methods:Samples were taken from a long-term trial(in effect since 1968)with annual applications of 0,15 and 30 kg P ha^(−1) with constant N and potassium.Soil and microbial biomass CNP contents were measured and nutrient limitation assessed by substrate-induced respiration.Linear regression and discriminant analyses were used to identify the variables explaining nutrient limitation.Results:Soil and biomass CNP increased with increasing P fertiliser,and there was a significant,positive,correlation between microbial biomass P and biomass C,apart from at the highest level of P fertilisation when the microbial biomass was over-saturated with P.The molar ratios of C:N:P in the microbial biomass remained constant(homeostatic)despite large changes in the soil nutrient ratios.Microbial growth was generally limited by C and N,except in soil with no added P when C and P were the main limiting nutrients.C,N and P,however,did not explain all the growth limitation on the soils with no added P.Conclusions:Increased soil C and N were probably due to increased net primary production.Our results confirm that C:N:P ratios within the microbial biomass were constrained(i.e.homeostatic)under near optimum soil conditions.Soils with no added P were characterised by strong microbial P limitation and soils under high P by over-saturation of microorganisms with P.Relative changes in biomass C:P can be indicative of nutrient limitation within a site. | Bryan S Griffiths Annette Spilles Michael Bonkowski | 2012 | Ecological Processes2012，1，1： | 23 |
| 2 | Impaired granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor bioactivity accelerates surgical recurrence in ileal crohn's disease显示文摘AIM To examine the relationship between elevated granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor(GMCSF) auto-antibodies(Ab) level and time to surgical recurrence after initial surgery for Crohn's disease(CD). METHODS We reviewed 412 charts from a clinical database at tertiary academic hospital. Patients included in the study had ileal or ileocolonic CD and surgical resection of small bowel or ileocecal region for management of disease. Serum samples were analyzed for serological assays including GM-CSF cytokine, GM-CSF Ab, ASCA Ig G and Ig A, and genetic markers including SNPs rs2066843, rs2066844, rs2066845, rs2076756 and rs2066847 in NOD2, rs2241880 in ATG16 L1, and rs13361189 in IRGM. Cox proportional-hazards models were used to assess the predictors of surgical recurrence.RESULTS Ninety six percent of patients underwent initial ileocecal resection(ICR) or ileal resection(IR) and subsequently 40% of patients required a second ICR/IR for CD. GMCSF Ab level was elevated at a median of 3.81 mcg/mL. Factors predicting faster time to a second surgery included elevated GM-CSF Ab [hazard ratio(HR) 3.52, 95%CI: 1.45-8.53, P = 0.005] and elevated GM-CSF cytokine(HR = 2.48, 95%CI: 1.31-4.70, P = 0.005). Factors predicting longer duration between first and second surgery included use of Immunomodulators(HR = 0.49, 95%CI: 0.31-0.77, P = 0.002), the interaction effect of low GM-CSF Ab levels and smoking(HR = 0.60, 95%CI: 0.45-0.81, P = 0.001) and the interaction effect of low GM-CSF cytokine levels and ATG16 L1(HR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.49-0.88, P = 0.006).CONCLUSION GM-CSF bioavailability plays a critical role in maintaining intestinal homeostasis. Decreased bioavailability coupled with the genetic risk markers and/or smoking results in aggressive CD behavior. | Grace Gathungu Yuanhao Zhang Xinyu Tian Erin Bonkowski Leahana Rowehl Julia Krumsiek Billy Nix Claudia Chalk Bruce Trapnell Wei Zhu Rodney Newberry Lee Denson Ellen Li | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，5： | 5 |
| 3 | Substrate heterogeneity and microfauna in soil organic ‘hotspots' as determinants of nitrogen capture and growth of ryegrass显示文摘 | Bonkowski M Griffiths B and Scrimgeour C | 2000 | Applied Soil Ecology2000，14，： | 2 |
| 4 | An infant with primary tooth loss and palmar hyperkeratosis: a novel mutation in the NTRK1 gene causing congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis 显示文摘 | Bonkowsky JL Johnson J Carey JC | 2003 | Pediatrics2003，112，31： | 1 |
| 5 | Tumor necrosis factor α blockade restores growth hormone signaling in murine colitis显示文摘 | Difedele LM He J Bonkowski EL | | 0，，05： | 1 |
| 6 | Soil microbial diversity and soil functioning affect competition among grasses in experimental microcosms显示文摘 | Bonkowski M Roy J | 2005 | Oecologia2005，143，： | 1 |
| 7 | Intrapartum Magnesium Sulfate and the Potential for Cardiopulmonary Drug–Drug Interactions显示文摘 | Sarah C. Campbell Chris Stockmann Alfred Balch Erin A. S. Clark Manijeh Kamyar Michael Varner E. Kent Korgenski Joshua L. Bonkowsky Michael G. Spigarelli Catherine M. T. Sherwin | 2014 | Therapeutic Drug Monitoring2014，，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Divergent effects of caloric restriction on gene expression in normal and long-lived mice显示文摘 | Masternak MM Al-Regaiey K Bonkowski MS | 2004 | J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci2004，59，8： | 1 |
| 9 | An infant with primary tooth loss and palmar hyperkeratosis: a novel mutation in the NTRK1 gene causing congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis显示文摘 | Bonkowsky JL Johnson J Carey JC | 2003 | Pediatrics2003，112，31： | 1 |
| 10 | An infant withprimary tooth loss and palmar hyperkeratosis: a novel mutationin the NTRK1 gene causing congenital insensitivity to pain withanhidrosis显示文摘 | Bonkowsky JL Johnson J Carey JC | 2003 | Pediatrics2003，112，： | 1 |
| 11 | Herpes simplex virus type I reactivation as a cause of a unilateral temporary paralysis of the vagus nerve显示文摘 | Bachor E Bonkowsky V Hacki T | 1996 | Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol1996，253，： | 1 |
| 12 | Vertigo and cranial nerve palsy caused by different forms of spontaneous dissections of internal and vertebral arteries显示文摘 | Bonkowsky V Steinbach S Arnold W | 2002 | Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol2002，259，： | 1 |
| 13 | Substrate heterogeneity and microfauna in soil organic 'hotspots' as determinants of nitrogen capture and growth of ryegrass显示文摘 | Bonkowski M Griffiths B Scrimgeour C | 2000 | Applied Soil Ecology2000，14，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Molecular cloning and developmental expression of foxP2 in zebrafish显示文摘 | Bonkowsky J.L Chien C.B | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 15 | Protozoa, nematoda and lumbrici- dae in the rhizosphere of Hordelymus europaeus(Poaceae) : Faunal in teractions, response of microorganisms and effects on plant growth 显示文摘 | Alphei J Bonkowski M Scheu S | 1996 | Oecologia1996，106，： | 1 |
| 16 | Substrate heterogeneity and microfauna in soil organic 'hotspots' as determinants of nitrogen capture and growth of ryegrass 显示文摘 | BONKOWSKI M GRIFFITHS B SCRIMGEOUR C | 2000 | Applied Soil Ecology2000，14，： | 1 |
| 17 | Soil microbial diversity and soil functioning affect competition among grasses in experimental microcosms显示文摘 | Bonkowski M Roy J | 2005 | Oecologia2005，143，： | 1 |
| 18 | 显示文摘 | Bonkowsky JL Filloux FM | 2003 | J Child Neurol2003，18，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Long-lived growth hormone receptor knockout mice:interaction of reduced insulin-like growth factor I/insulin signaling and caloric restriction显示文摘 | Al-Regaiey K A Masternak M M Bonkowski M | 2005 | Endocrinology2005，146，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Mild calorie restriction does not affect testosterone levels and testicular gene expression in mutant mice显示文摘 | Rocha JS Bonkowski MS Franca LR | 2007 | Exp Biol Med (Maywood)2007，232，8： | 1 |
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