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| 1 | Biochemical mechanisms in drug-induced liver injury:Certainties and doubts显示文摘Drug-induced liver injury is a significant and still unresolved clinical problem.Limitations to knowledge about the mechanisms of toxicity render incomplete the detection of hepatotoxic potential during preclinical development.Several xenobiotics are lipophilic substances and their transformation into hydrophilic compounds by the cytochrome P-450 system results in production of toxic metabolites.Aging,preexisting liver disease,enzyme induction or inhibition,genetic variances,local O2 supply and,above all,the intrinsic molecular properties of the drug may affect this process.Necrotic death follows antioxidant consumption and oxidation of intracellular proteins,which determine increased permeability of mitochondrial membranes,loss of potential,decreased ATP synthesis,inhibition of Ca2+-dependent ATPase,reduced capability to sequester Ca2+ within mitochondria,and membrane bleb formation.Conversely,activation of nucleases and energetic participation of mitochondria are the main intracellular mechanisms that lead to apoptosis.Non-parenchymal hepatic cells are inducers of hepatocellular injury and targets for damage.Activation of the immune system promotes idiosyncratic reactions that result in hepatic necrosis or cholestasis,in which different HLA genotypes might play a major role.This review focuses on current knowledge of the mechanisms of drug-induced liver injury and recent advances on newly discovered mechanisms of liver damage.Future perspectives including new frontiers for research are discussed. | Ignazio Grattagliano Leonilde Bonfrate Catia V Diogo Helen H Wang David QH Wang Piero Portincasa | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，39： | 30 |
| 2 | Therapy of gallstone disease:What it was,what it is,what it will be显示文摘Cholesterol gallstone disease is a common clinical condition influenced by genetic factors,increasing age,female gender,and metabolic factors.Although laparoscopic cholecystectomy is currently considered the gold standard in treating patients with symptomatic gallstones,new perspectives regarding medical therapy of cholelithiasis are currently under discussion,also taking into account the pathogenesis of gallstones,the natural history of the disease and the analysis of the overall costs of therapy.A careful selection of patients may lead to successful nonsurgical therapy in symptomatic subjects with a functioning gallbladder harboring small radiolucent stones.The classical oral litholysis by ursodeoxycholic acid has been recently paralleled by new experimental observations,suggesting that cholesterol-lowering agents which inhibit cholesterol synthesis (statins) or intestinal cholesterol absorption (ezetimibe),or drugs acting on specific nuclear receptors involved in cholesterol and bile acid homeostasis,might be proposed as additional approaches for treating cholesterol gallstones.In this review we discuss old,recent and future perspectives on medical treatment of cholesterol cholelithiasis. | Piero Portincasa Agostino Di Ciaula Leonilde Bonfrate David QH Wang | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics2012，3，2： | 21 |
| 3 | Management of liver cirrhosis between primary care and specialists显示文摘This article discusses a practical, evidence-based approach to the diagnosis and management of liver cirrhosis by focusing on etiology, severity, presence of complications, and potential home-managed treatments. Relevant literature from 1985 to 2010 (PubMed) was reviewed. The search criteria were peer-reviewed full papers published in English using the following MESH headings alone or in combination: 'ascites', 'liver fibrosis', 'cirrhosis', 'chronic hepatitis', 'chronic liver disease', 'decompensated cirrhosis', 'hepatic encephalopathy', 'hypertransaminasemia', 'liver transplantation' and 'portal hypertension'. Forty-nine papers were selected based on the highest quality of evidence for each section and type (original, randomized controlled trial, guideline, and review article), with respect to specialist setting (Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Internal Medicine) and primary care. Liver cirrhosis from any cause represents an emerging health issue due to the increasing prevalence of the disease and its complications worldwide. Primary care physicians play a key role in early identification of risk factors, in the management of patients for improving quality and length of life, and for preventing complications. Specialists, by contrast, should guide specific treatments, especially in the case of complications and for selecting patient candidates for liver transplantation. An integrated approach between specialists and primary care physicians is essential for providing better outcomes and appropriate home care for patients with liver cirrhosis. | Ignazio Grattagliano Enzo Ubaldi Leonilde Bonfrate Piero Portincasa | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，18： | 5 |
| 4 | Concomitant, sequential, and hybrid therapy for H. pylori eradication: a pilot study.显示文摘 | Angelo Zullo Giuseppe Scaccianoce Vincenzo De Francesco Valentina Ruggiero Pasquale D’Ambrosio Luigi Castorini Leonilde Bonfrate Lucy Vannella Cesare Hassan Piero Portincasa | 2013 | Clinics and Research in Hepatology and Gastroenterology2013，，： | 4 |
| 5 | Microbiota in health and irritable bowel syndrome: current knowledge, perspectives and therapeutic options显示文摘 | Leonilde Bonfrate Jan Tack Ignazio Grattagliano Rosario Cuomo Piero Portincasa | 2013 | Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology2013，，9： | 3 |
| 6 | Current Views on Genetics and Epigenetics of Cholesterol Gallstone Disease显示文摘 | Agostino Di Ciaula David Q.-H. Wang Leonilde Bonfrate Piero Portincasa Gloria L. Vega | 2013 | Cholesterol2013，，： | 2 |
| 7 | MicroRNA in colorectal cancer: new perspectives for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment 显示文摘 | Bonfrate L Altomare DF Di Lena M | 2013 | J Gastrointestin Liver Dis2013，22，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘 | Krawczyk M Bonfrate L Portincasa P | 2010 | Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol2010，24，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Targets for Current Pharmacologic Therapy in Cholesterol Gallstone Disease显示文摘 | Agostino Di Ciaula David Q.H. Wang Helen H. Wang Leonilde Bonfrate Piero Portincasa | 2010 | Gastroenterology Clinics of North America2010，，2： | 1 |
| 10 | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease显示文摘 | Krawczyk M Bonfrate L Portincasa P | 2010 | Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol2010，24，5： | 1 |
| 11 | Microbiota in health and irritable bowel syndrome: current knowledge, perspectives and therapeutic options 显示文摘 | Bonfrate L Tack J Grattagliano I | 2013 | Stand J Gastroenterol2013，48，9： | 1 |
| 12 | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 显示文摘 | Krawczyk M Bonfrate L Portincasa P | 2010 | Best Praet Res Clin Gastroenterol2010，24，5： | 1 |
| 13 | Nonalco- holic fatty liver disease显示文摘 | KRAWCZYK M BONFRATE L PORTINCASA P | 2010 | Best Pract Res Chn Gastroen- terol2010，24，5： | 1 |
| 14 | MicroRNA in colorectal cancer: new perspectives for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment显示文摘 | Bonfrate L Altomare D F Di Lena M | 2013 | Journal of Gastrointestinal & Liver Diseases2013，22，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Thermal poling of silica in air and under vacuum:the influence of charge transport on second harmonic generation显示文摘 | Pruned V Samoggia F Bonfrate G | 1999 | Appl Phys Lett1999，74，17： | 1 |
| 16 | Single-Frequency MOPAEr3+DBR fiber laser for WDM digital telecommunication systems显示文摘 | Vaninetti F Negrimlo F | 1998 | IEEE Photon Technol Lett1998，10，6： | 1 |
| 17 | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 显示文摘 | Krawczyk M Bonfrate L Portincasa P | 2010 | Best Pract Res Clin Gastroentero12010，24，： | 1 |
| 18 | Greater than 20%-efficient frequency doubling of 1532-nm nanosecond pulses in quasi-phase-matched germanosilicate optical fibers显示文摘 | V Pruneri G Bonfrate P G Kazansky | 1999 | Opt Lett1999，24，4： | 1 |
| 19 | MicroRNA in color- eetal cancer:new perspectives for diagnosis, prognosis and treat- ment显示文摘 | Bonfrate L Altomare DF Di Lena M | 2013 | Gastrointestin Liver Dis2013，22，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Therapy of gall- stone disease: what it was ,what it is,what it will be 显示文摘 | Portincasa P Ciaula AD Bonfrate L | 2012 | World J Gastrointest Pharamacol Ther2012，3，2： | 1 |
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