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| 1 | 卒中存活者体力活动和锻炼建议:美国心脏协会/美国卒中协会针对医疗专业人员的声明显示文摘目的这份科学声明为卒中存活者的体力活动和锻炼建议提供了一份证据纵览。证据提示,卒中存活者会经历体力下降(physical deconditioning)并导致久坐的生活方式。因此,本更新版科学声明旨在为医务人员提供全面的指导,使其更好地理解体力活动的益处,并为卒中存活者各个恢复阶段的锻炼方案提供推荐意见。方法写作组成员由美国心脏协会(American Heart Association,AHA)卒中委员会的科学声明监督委员会和AHA手稿监督委员会任命。作者利用系统文献综述,参考公开发表的临床和流行病学研究、发病率和死亡率报告、临床与公共卫生指南、权威声明、个人文件以及专家意见,对现有的证据进行总结并指出目前的知识空白。结果卒中后体力活动不足非常普遍。大量证据明确支持对卒中存活者进行运动训练,包括有氧运动和力量训练。运动训练能改善功能能力、日常生活活动的执行能力以及生活质量,同时降低随后的心血管事件风险。卒中存活者的体力活动目标和锻炼方案需个体化制定以最大限度地增高长期依从性。结论写作组给出的推荐是,体力活动和锻炼方案应融入卒中存活者的治疗。卒中存活者体力活动的推动应强调低到中等强度的有氧活动、增强肌肉力量、减少久坐的生活方式以及对卒中二级预防的危险因素管理。 | Sandra A. Billinger Ross Arena Julie Bemhardt Janice J. Eng Barry A. Franklin Cheryl Mortag Johnson Marilyn MacKay-Lyons Richard F. Macko Gillian E. Mead Elliot J. Roth Marianne Shaughnessy Ada Tang 孙新亭 张通 | 2014 | 国际脑血管病杂志2014，22，10： | 80 |
| 2 | Is the development of myocardial tolerance to repeated ischemia in humans due to preconditioning or to collateral recruitment显示文摘 | Fleisch M Eberli FR | 1999 | J Am Coll Cardiol1999，33，： | 1 |
| 3 | ReduceO carcllo- respiratory fitness after stroke: biological consequences and exercise-in- duced adaptations 显示文摘 | Billinger SA Coughenour E Mackay-Lyons M J | 2012 | Stroke Res Treat2012，2012，95： | 1 |
| 4 | Is the development of myocardial tolerance to repeated ischemia in humans due to preconditioning or to collateral recruitment? 显示文摘 | Billinger M Fleisch M Eberli FR | 1999 | J Am Coll Cardiol1999，33，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Percutaneous closure of the left appendage显示文摘 | Ostermayer S Reschke M Billinger K | | 0，，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Risk of decompression illness among 230 divers in relation to the presence and size of patent foramen ovale显示文摘 | Torti SR Billinger M Schwerzmann M | 2004 | Eur Heart J2004，25，12： | 1 |
| 7 | Influence on collateral flow of recanalising chronic total coronary occlusions: a case-control study显示文摘 | Pohl T Hochstrasser P Billinger M | 2001 | Heart2001，86，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Incidence and clinical course of thrombus formation on atrial septal defect and patent foramen ovale closure devices in 1 000 consecutive patients显示文摘 | Krumsdorf U Ostermeyer S Billinger K | 2004 | J Am Coll Cardiol2004，43，： | 1 |
| 9 | Efficacy of water spray protection against propane and butane jet fires impinging on LPG storage tanks 显示文摘 | Billinge Moodie Beckett | 2004 | Journal of Loss prevention in the process Industries2004，，17： | 1 |
| 10 | Incidence and clinical course of thrombus formation on atrial septal defect and patient foramen ovale closure devices in 1,000 consecutive patients显示文摘 | Ulrike Krumsdorf Stefan Ostermayer Kai Billinger Thomas Trepels Elisabeth Zadan Kathrin Horvath Horst Sievert | 2004 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2004，，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Single limb exercise induces femoral artery remodeling and improves blood flow in the hemiparetic leg poststroke显示文摘 | Billinger SA Gajewski BJ Guo LX | 2009 | Stroke2009，40，9： | 1 |
| 12 | Validation of trunk mounted inertial sensors for analysing running biomechanics under field conditions, using synchronously collected foot contact data显示文摘 | A. J. Wixted D. C. Billing D. A. James | 2010 | Sports Engineering2010，，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage显示文摘 | Ostermayer S Reschke M Billinger K | 2003 | J Interv Cardiol2003，16，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Frequency distribution of collateral flow and factors influencing collateral channel development- Functional collateral channel measurement in 450 patients with coronary artery disease 显示文摘 | Pohl T Seiler C Billinger N | 2001 | J Am Coll Cardiol2001，38，7： | 1 |
| 15 | Influence of electron-hole pair excitationon dissociative sticking显示文摘 | Mengel Signe Kvist Billing | 1997 | Journal of Physical Chemistry B1997，101，10： | 1 |
| 16 | Risk of decompression illness among 230 divers in relation to the presence and size of patent foramen ovale显示文摘 | Torti SR Billinger M Schwerzmann M | 2004 | Eur Heart J2004，25，12： | 1 |
| 17 | Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage 显示文摘 | Ostermayer S Reschke M Billinger K | 2003 | J Interv Cardiol2003，16，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Physiologically assessed coronary collateral flow and intracoronary growth factor concentrations in patients with 1- to 3-vessel coronary artery disease显示文摘 | FLEISCH M BILLINGER M EBERLI F R | 1999 | Circulation1999，100，： | 1 |
| 19 | Percutaneous closure of the left atrial appendage显示文摘 | Ostermayer S Reschke M Billinger K | 2003 | Journal of Interventional Cardiology2003，16，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Patent foramen ovule closure in recreational divers:effect on decompression illness and ischemic brain lesions during long-term follow-up显示文摘 | Billinger M Zbinden R Mordasini R | 2011 | Heart2011，97，23： | 1 |
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