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| 1 | Enamel microabrasion: An overview of clinical and scientific considerations显示文摘Superficial stains and irregularities of the enamelare generally what prompt patients to seek dental intervention to improve their smile. These stains or defects may be due to hypoplasia, amelogenesis imperfecta, mineralized white spots, or fluorosis, for which enamel microabrasion is primarily indicated. Enamel microabrasion involves the use of acidic and abrasive agents, such as with 37% phosphoric acid and pumice or 6% hydrochloric acid and silica, applied to the altered enamel surface with mechanical pressure from a rubber cup coupled to a rotatory mandrel of a lowrotation micromotor. If necessary, this treatment can be safely combined with bleaching for better esthetic results. Recent studies show that microabrasion is a conservative treatment when the enamel wear is minimal and clinically imperceptible. The most important factor contributing to the success of enamel microabrasion is the depth of the defect, as deeper, opaque stains, such as those resulting from hypoplasia, cannot be resolved with microabrasion, and require a restorative approach. Surface enamel alterations that result from microabrasion, such as roughness and microhardness, are easily restored by saliva. Clinical studies support the efficacy and longevity of this safe and minimally invasive treatment. The present article presents the clinical and scientific aspects concerning the microabrasion technique, and discusses the indications for and effects of the treatment, including recent works describing microscopic and clinical evaluations. | Núbia Inocencya Pavesi Pini Daniel Sundfeld-Neto Flavio Henrique Baggio Aguiar Renato Herman Sundfeld Luis Roberto Marcondes Martins José Roberto Lovadino Débora Alves Nunes Leite Lima | 2015 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2015，3，1： | 6 |
| 2 | Gitelman syn- drome revisited an evaluat ion of symptoms and health-related quality of life显示文摘 | Cruz D N S haer A J Bia M J | 2001 | Kidney Int2001，59，： | 1 |
| 3 | Ischaemic injury to femoral head induces apoptotic and oncotic cell death显示文摘 | Kothapalli R Aya-ay JP Bia n H | | 0，，02： | 1 |
| 4 | Phenol degradation by a Graphium sp. FIB4 isolated from industrial effluents显示文摘 | Vera L.Santos Nádia M.Heilbuth Danúbia T.Braga Andrea S.Monteiro Valter R.Linardi | 2003 | Basic Microbiol2003，，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Lateglacial and Holocene palaeohydrology in the western Mediterranean region:The Lake Estanya record(NE Spain)显示文摘 | Morellón M Valero-Garcés B Vegas-Vilarrúbia T | 2009 | Quaternary Science Reviews2009，28，25： | 1 |
| 6 | Production of dry Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG preparations by spray drying and lyophilization in aqueous two-phase systems显示文摘 | Leja K Dembczy(n)ski R Bia(l)as W | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 7 | Comparison of 2D and 3D bcme micro-architecture evaluation at the femoral neck,among postmeno-pausal women with hip fracture or hip osteoarthritis显示文摘 | Boutroy S Vilayphiou N Roux JPf Delmas PDf Bia?n H Chapur-lat RD Chavassieux p | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 8 | Laccase production by Trametes versicolor under limited-growth conditions using dyes asinducers显示文摘 | Casas N BIa nquez P Vicent T | 2013 | Environmental Science and Technology2013，34，14： | 1 |
| 9 | Giardia duodenalis : Pathological alterations in gerbils, Meriones unguiculatus , infected with different dosages of trophozoites显示文摘 | Núbia S. Araújo Maria J.S. Mundim Maria A. Gomes Rúbia M.R. Amorim Jo?o C. Viana Rodrigo P. Queiroz Marcos A. Rossi Márcia C. Cury | 2007 | Experimental Parasitology2007，，4： | 1 |
| 10 | A grain-size correction for metal pollution indexes in river sediments显示文摘According to the List of Hazardous Substances of the Agency of the Toxic Substances and Disease Registry(ATSDR 2017),some metallic elements such as Pb or Cd are still considered as the most polluting elements in the world.These elements accumulate in sediments,and there are various methods available that differentiate lithogenic sources from anthropogenic sources.For that,the natural geochemical background is required,however,its definition is far from unanimous:it can be a global or local value,single or statistically estimated value,depending on the studies.Our study is focused on the Subae River in the state of Bahia,Northeastern Brazil,which was historically contaminated by lead metallurgy.The river sediments were sampled at 21 locations:one at the discharge point of the plant's rainwater basin,ten upstream,and ten downstream.The total contents of Fe,Ti,Mn,Pb,Zn,Cu,Cr,particle-size distribution,and organic matter were analyzed.The conventional geochemical indexes,i.e.,the pollution degree(mCd),pollution load index,and enrichment factor indicated contamination by Zn,Pb,Cr,and Cu.Then,a new enrichment factor is introduced,assuming that the sediments come from erosion of soils in the watershed.After obtaining the natural concentrations of metals in the clay,silt,and sand fractions of uncontaminated reference soils,we corrected the pollution indexes by calculating a new individual background in each sediment sample,according to its grain size distribution.This new approach provided more precise indexes in the assessment of sediment pollution,by highlighting higher contamination of Zn and Pb(around 50%)and at the same time the absence of Cr and Cu contamination,two metals not involved with the metallurgical activity. | Thomas Vincent Gloaguen Paula Núbia Soares Dalto Motta Carolina Fonseca Couto | 2021 | International Journal of Sediment Research2021，36，3： | 0 |
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