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| 1 | Hepatitis B and C virus-induced hepatitis: Apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response显示文摘AIM: To investigate the co-incidence of apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response(UPR) in hepatitis B(HBV) and C(HCV) infected hepatocytes.METHODS: We performed immunofluorescence confocal microscopy on 10 liver biopsies from HBV and HCV patients and tissue microarrays of HBV positive liver samples. We used specific antibodies for LC3β, cleaved caspase-3, BIP(GRP78), and XBP1 to detect autophagy, apoptosis and UPR, respectively. AntiHCV NS3 and anti-HBs antibodies were also used to confirm infection. We performed triple blind counting of events to determine the co-incidence of autophagy(LC3β punctuate), apoptosis(cleaved caspase-3), and unfolded protein response(GRP78) with HBV and HCV infection in hepatocytes. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software for Windows(Version 16 SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, United States). P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed with Mann-Whitney test to compare incidence rates for autophagy, apoptosis, and UPR in HBV- and HCV-infected cells and adjacent noninfected cells.RESULTS: Our results showed that infection of hepatocytes with either HBV and HCV induces significant increase(P < 0.001) in apoptosis(cleavage of caspase-3), autophagy(LC3β punctate), and UPR(increase in GRP78 expression) in the HCV- and HBVinfected cells, as compared to non-infected cells of the same biopsy sections. Our tissue microarray immunohistochemical expression analysis of LC3β in HBV^(Neg) and HBV^(Pos) revealed that majority of HBVinfected hepatocytes display strong positive stainingfor LC3β. Interestingly, although XBP splicing in HBVinfected cells was significantly higher(P < 0.05), our analyses show a slight increase of XBP splicing was in HCV-infected cells(P > 0.05). Furthermore, our evaluation of patients with HBV and HCV infection based on stage and grade of the liver diseases revealed no correlation between these pathological findings and induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR.CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that HCV and HBV infection activates apoptosis, autophagy and UPR, but slightly differently by each virus. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the interconnections between these pathways in relation to pathology of HCV and HBV in the liver tissue. | Behzad Yeganeh Adel Rezaei Moghadam Javad Alizadeh Emilia Wiechec Seyed Moayed Alavian Mohammad Hashemi Bita Geramizadeh Afshin Samali Kamran Bagheri Lankarani Martin Post Payam Peymani Kevin M Coombs Saeid Ghavami | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，47： | 13 |
| 2 | A measurement theory perspective显示文摘 | Martin H Behzad M R | 1996 | IEEE Tran on Software Engineerings1996，22，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Determinants of Profitability of Banking Sector in India显示文摘 | Majid Karimzadeh Jawed Akhtar S M Behzad Karimzadeh | 2013 | South Asia Paper Transit Stud Rev2013，20，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Invedtigation of the micro step con- trol positioning system performance affected by random input sin- gals 显示文摘 | GHAFARI A S BEHZAD M | 2005 | Mechatronics2005，15，10： | 1 |
| 5 | FGF23 induces left ventricular hypertrophy显示文摘 | Faul Christian Amaral Ansel P Oskouei Behzad Hu Ming-Chang Sloan Alexis Isakova Tamara Gutiérrez Orlando M Aguillon-Prada Robier Lincoln Joy Hare Joshua M Mundel Peter Morales Azorides Scialla Julia Fischer Michael Soliman Elsayed Z Chen J | 2011 | Journal of Clinical Investigation2011，，11： | 1 |
| 6 | A simple and high sensitive spectrophoto-metric method for ultra trace determination of ruthenium with its catalytic effect on the oxidation of pyronin B by periodate 显示文摘 | Behzad R Najmeh M | 2007 | Spetrochimiea Acta Part A2007，66，： | 1 |
| 7 | On topological invariants of the products of graphs显示文摘 | Mahmoodian S E | 1969 | Can Math Bull1969，12，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Nano-level de- termination of copper with atomic absorption spec- trometry after pre-concentration on N, N-(4-methyl-1, 2-phenylene ) diquinoline-2-carboxamide-naphthalene 显示文摘 | BEHZAD R ELHAM S SORAIA M | 2009 | Journal of Hazardous Materials2009，168，23： | 1 |
| 9 | On the domination number of the generalized Petersen graphs 显示文摘 | BEHZAD A BEHZAD M PRAEGER C E | 2008 | Discrete mathe- matics2008，308，： | 1 |
| 10 | Finite element modeling of polymer cu- ring in natural fiber reinforced composites显示文摘 | BEHZAD T SAIN M | 2007 | Composites Sci- ence and Technology2007，67，78： | 1 |
| 11 | Aggregation of web search engines based on users′preferences in Web Fusion显示文摘 | Amir H K Behzad M Majid K | | 0，，20： | 1 |
| 12 | Mining sequential patterns hy pattern -growth: the preixspan approach显示文摘 | PEI Jian HAN Jia- wei Behzad M A | 2004 | IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering2004，16，10： | 1 |
| 13 | Blood constituents trigger brain swelling,tissue death,and reduction of glucose metabolism early after acute subdural hematoma in rats显示文摘 | Baechli H Behzad M Schreckenberger M | | 0，，03： | 1 |
| 14 | Linear output feedback control of a three-pole magnetic bearing显示文摘 | Darbandi S M Behzad M Salarieh H | 2014 | IEEE/ASME Transactions on Mechatronics2014，19，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Effect of centrifugal force on natural frequency of lateral vibration of rotating shafts 显示文摘 | Behzad M Bastami A R | 2004 | Journal of Sound and Vibration2004，274，35： | 1 |
| 16 | Performanceevaluation of several types of pressure compensating emitters显示文摘 | Behzad M Farasati M Boroomand-Nasab S | 2010 | Research on Crops2010，11，1： | 1 |
| 17 | A simple and high sensitive spectrophotometric method for ultra trace determination of ruthenium with its catalytic effect on the oxidation of pyronin B by periodate 显示文摘 | Behzad R M Najmeh | 2007 | Spectrochimiea Acta Part A: Molecular & Biomoleeular Spectroscopy2007，66，45： | 1 |
| 18 | Graphs and their chromatic numbers显示文摘 | Behzad M | 1965 | PH Doctoral Thesis1965，2，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Activation energy and conductivity of glasses in the P2O5-V2O5-Li2O system显示文摘 | Behzad H Hekmatshoar M H Mirzayi M | 2009 | Ionics2009，15，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Investigation of the micro-step control positioning system performance affected by random input signals 显示文摘 | Ghafari A S and Behzad M | 2005 | Mechatronics2005，15，10： | 1 |
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