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| 1 | Modern management of rectal cancer: A 2006 update显示文摘The goal of this review is to outline some of the important surgical issues surrounding the management of patients with early (T1/T2 and NO), as well as locally advanced (T3/T4 and/or N1) rectal cancer. Surgery for rectal cancer continues to develop towards the ultimate goals of improved local control and overall survival, maintaining quality of life, and preserving sphincter, genitourinary, and sexual function. Information concerning the depth of tumor penetration through the rectal wall, lymph node involvement, and presence of distant metastatic disease is of crucial importance when planning a curative rectal cancer resection. Preoperative staging is used to determine the indication for neoadjuvant therapy as well as the indication for local excision versus radical cancer resection. Local excision is likely to be curative in most patients with a primary tumor which is limited to the submucosa (T1N0M0), without high-risk features and in the absence of metastatic disease. In appropriate patients, minimally invasive procedures, such as local excision, TEM, and laparoscopic resection allow for improved patient comfort, shorter hospital stays, and earlier return to preoperative activity level. Once the tumor invades the muscularis propria (T2), radical rectal resection in acceptable operative candidates is recommended. In patients with transmural and/or node positive disease (T3/T4 and/or N1) with no distant metastases, preoperative chemoradiation followed by radical resection according to the principles of TME has become widely accepted. During the planning and conduct of a radical operation for a locally advanced rectal cancer, a number of surgical management issues are considered, including: (1) total mesorectal excision (TME); (2) autonomic nerve preservation (ANP); (3) circumferential resection margin (CRM); (4) distal resection margin; (5) sphincter preservation and options for restoration of bowel continuity; (6) laparoscopic approaches; and (7) postoperative quality of life. | Glen C Balch Alex De Meo Jose G Guillem | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，20： | 26 |
| 2 | 恶性血液病骨髓动态增强磁共振成像特征的初步研究显示文摘目的探讨利用动态增强 MR 成像技术检测恶性血液病患者骨髓构成的变化,判定其骨髓浸润程度,以减少血液病患者治疗随访过程中穿刺活检的次数。方法 25例恶性血液病患者经动态增强 MRI(DCE-MR)及髂嵴穿刺活检,测定骨髓灌注的最大强化率(PER),最大强化斜率值(Slope_(max)),峰值时间(TTP),平均时间(MT),以及骨髓活检分析细胞构成、肿瘤分数(TF)。结果25例恶性血液病患者骨髓的 PER、Slope_(max)、TYP、MT 的中位值分别为0.27、0.21 s^(-1)、79.08 s、84.43 s。不同细胞构成(低、正常、高)骨髓的灌注特征性变量的中位数值分别为 PER(0.29、0.24、1.15)、Slope_(max)(0.20 s^(-1)、0.21 s^(-1)、1.28 s^(-1))、TTP(96.67 s、83.49 s、25.52 s)、MT(77.52 s,86.25 s,84.34 s)。肿瘤浸润组首次灌注值(PER 0.32,Slope_(max)0.28 s^(-1))高于肿瘤缓解组,(PER 0.20,Slope_(max)0.20 s^(-1)),而对比剂到达峰值时间(TIP 68.66 s)低于缓解组(TTP 85.85 s)。肿瘤浸润组与缓解组骨髓的 PER差异有统计学意义(P=0.02),而 Slope_(max)、TTP、MT 差异无统计学意义(P 值均>0.05)。PER(r=0.564,P=0.003)、Slope_(max)(r=0.478,P=0.016)、MT(r=0.186,P>0.05)与骨髓细胞构成状态(低、正常、高)呈正相关,而 TTP(r=-0.222)与骨髓细胞构成状态呈负相关。PER(r=0.561,P=0.004)、Slope_(max)(r=0.318,P=0.121)、MT(r=0.207,P>0.05)与 TF 呈正相关,而 TTP(r=-0.305,P>0.05)与 TF 呈负相关。结论动态增强 MR 成像能够监测恶性血液病骨髓肿瘤细胞浸润和细胞构成的变化。 | 张蕾 杨振燕 Alex G Pitman | 2007 | 中华放射学杂志2007，41，3： | 11 |
| 3 | Schistosoma mansoni proteins attenuate gastrointestinal motility disturbances during experimental colitis in mice显示文摘AIM:To investigate the therapeutic effect of Schistosoma mansoni(S.mansoni) soluble worm proteins on gastrointestinal motility disturbances during experimental colitis in mice. METHODS:Colitis was induced by intrarectal injection of trinitrobenzene sulphate(TNBS) and 6 h later,mice were treated ip with S.mansoni proteins.Experiments were performed 5 d after TNBS injection.Inflammationwas quantified using validated inflammation parameters. Gastric emptying and geometric center were measured to assess in vivo gastrointestinal motility.Peristaltic activity of distal colonic segments was studied in vitro using a modified Trendelenburg set-up.Cytokine profiles of T-lymphocytes isolated from the colon were determined by real time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS:Intracolonic injection of TNBS caused severe colitis.Treatment with S.mansoni proteins significantly ameliorated colonic inflammation after 5 d.TNBS did not affect gastric emptying but significantly decreased the geometric center and impaired colonic peristaltic activity 5 d after the induction of colitis.Treatment with S.mansoni proteins ameliorated these in vivo and in vitro motility disturbances.In addition,TNBS injection caused a downregulation of effector T cell cytokines after 5 d,whereas a S.mansoni protein effect was no longer observed at this time point. CONCLUSION:Treatment with S.mansoni proteins attenuated intestinal inflammation and ameliorated motility disturbances during murine experimental colitis. | Nathalie E Ruyssers Benedicte Y De Winter Joris G De Man Natacha D Ruyssers Ann J Van Gils Alex Loukas Mark S Pearson Joel V Weinstock Paul A Pelckmans Tom G Moreels | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，6： | 11 |
| 4 | 动态增强磁共振成像对恶性血液病骨髓肿瘤浸润监测的初步研究显示文摘目的本研究旨在利用动态增强MR成像技术(DCE-MR)检测血液病患者骨髓强化特征变化,研究其与骨髓肿瘤细胞浸润状态的相关性。方法25例血液病经DCE-MR成像及髂嵴穿刺活检,测定骨髓灌注的最大强化率(PER),最大强化斜率值(Slopemax),峰值时间(TTP),平均时间(MT),以及骨髓活检分析肿瘤分数(TF)。结果肿瘤浸润组较缓解期组PER高(临床缓解期为0.252±0.156,肿瘤组为0.592±0.433),统计学上有显著性差异(P<0.05)。肿瘤浸润组较缓解期组的Slopemax高肿瘤组:(0.561±0.634)/s;缓解期组:(0.204±0.105)/s、TTP缩短肿瘤组:(68.12±42.18)s;缓解期组:(81.52±38.49)s,但统计学上无显著性差异(P>0.05),MT值两组差异不明显(P>0.05)。结论动态增强MR成像能够监测血液病骨髓肿瘤细胞浸润状态,为恶性血液病治疗随访提供了一种新的无创性监测手段。 | 张蕾 Catherine Mandel 杨振燕 Qing Yang Richard Nibbs David Westerman Alex G Pitman | 2006 | 中国医学影像技术2006，22，7： | 4 |
| 5 | Hepatitis C: Treatment of difficult to treat patients显示文摘Over the past several years, more so recently, treatment options for hepatitis C virus(HCV) have seemed to exponentially grow. Up until recently, the regimen of pegylated interferon(peg-IFN) and ribavirin(RBV) stood as the standard of care. Direct acting antivirals, which target nonstructural proteins involved in replication and infection of HCV were first approved in 2011 as an addition to the peg-IFN and RBV regimen and with them have come increased sustained virological response rates(SVR). The previously reported 50%-70% SVR rates using the combination of peg-IFN and RBV are no longer the standard of care with direct acting antiviral(DAA) based regimens now achieving SVR of 70%-90%. PegIFN free as well as 'all oral' regimens are also available. The current randomized controlled trials available show favorable SVRs in patients who are naive to treatment, non-cirrhotic, and not human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)-co-infected. What about patients who do not fit into these categories? In this review, we aim to discuss the currently approved and soon to be approved DAAs while focusing on their roles in patients that are treatment experienced, cirrhotic, or co-infected with HIV. In this discussion, review of the clinical trials leading to recent consensus guidelines as well as discussion of barriers to treatment will occur. A case will attempt will be made that social services, including financial support and drug/alcohol treatment, should be provided to all HCV infected patients to improve chances of cure and thus prevention of late stage sequela. | Eric G Hilgenfeldt Alex Schlachterman Roberto J Firpi | 2015 | World Journal of Hepatology2015，7，15： | 3 |
| 6 | Mapping aboveground biomass and its prediction uncertainty using LiDAR and field data, accounting for tree-level allometric and LiDAR model errors显示文摘Background: The increasing availability of remotely sensed data has recently challenged the traditional way of performing forest inventories, and induced an interest in model-based inference. Like traditional design-based inference, model-based inference allows for regional estimates of totals and means, but in addition for wall-to-wall mapping of forest characteristics. Recently Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)-based maps of forest attributes have been developed in many countries and been well received by users due to their accurate spatial representation of forest resources. However, the correspondence between such mapping and model-based inference is seldom appreciated. In this study we applied hierarchical model-based inference to produce aboveground biomass maps as well as maps of the corresponding prediction uncertainties with the same spatial resolution. Further, an estimator of mean biomass at regional level, and its uncertainty, was developed to demonstrate how mapping and regional level assessment can be combined within the framework of model-based inference.Results: Through a new version of hierarchical model-based estimation, allowing models to be nonlinear, we accounted for uncertainties in both the individual tree-level biomass models and the models linking plot level biomass predictions with LiDAR metrics. In a 5005 km2 large study area in south-central Sweden the predicted aboveground biomass at the level of 18 m×18 m map units was found to range between 9 and 447 Mg·ha^-1. The corresponding root mean square errors ranged between 10 and 162 Mg·ha^-1. For the entire study region, the mean aboveground biomass was 55 Mg·ha^-1 and the corresponding relative root mean square error 8%. At this level 75%of the mean square error was due to the uncertainty associated with tree-level models.Conclusions: Through the proposed method it is possible to link mapping and estimation within the framework of model-based inference. Uncertainties in both tree-level biomass models and models linking plot level biomass with LiDAR data are accounted for, both for the uncertainty maps and the overall estimates. The development of hierarchical model-based inference to handle nonlinear models was an important prerequisite for the study. | Svetlana Saarela AndréWästlund Emma Holmström Alex Appiah Mensah Sören Holm Mats Nilsson Jonas Fridman Göran Ståhl | 2020 | Forest Ecosystems2020，7，3： | 3 |
| 7 | 血液病骨髓动态增强MRI特征的初步研究显示文摘目的 探讨血液病患者骨髓动态增强MRI(DCE-MRI)与骨髓细胞构成的关系。方法对25例恶性血液病患者进行DCE-MRI检查,测定骨髓灌注的最大强化率(PER)、最大强化斜率(Slopemax)、峰值时间(哪)和平均时间(MT);30min后进行髂嵴穿刺活检,分析细胞构成。结果 25例血液病患者中,正常细胞数型骨髓20例,细胞数增多型骨髓3例,细胞数减少型骨髓2例。DCE-MRI骨髓时间.信号强度曲线(TIC)B型3例,C型7例,D型13例,E型2例。细胞数增多型骨髓PER、Slopemax均高于正常细胞数型骨髓和细胞数减少型骨髓;细胞数增多型骨髓,TTP短于正常细胞数型骨髓和细胞数减少型骨髓;细胞数减少型骨髓MT短于正常细胞数型骨髓和细胞数增多型骨髓。结论 DCE-MRI可以作为无创、有效监测血液病骨髓细胞构成变化的手段之一。 | 张蕾 Catherine Mandel 杨振燕 王培军 Alex G Pitman | 2007 | 中华肿瘤杂志2007，29，3： | 2 |
| 8 | Ataxia with isolated vitamin E deficiency: a clinical, biochemical and genetic diagnosis显示文摘 | Alex G Oliver MR Collins KJ | 2000 | J Paediatr Child Health2000，36，5： | 1 |
| 9 | What Effect Do Unions Have on Wages Now and Would Freeman and Medoff Be Sur- prised? 显示文摘 | David G Blanchflower Alex Bryson | 2004 | Journal of Labor Research2004，14，3： | 1 |
| 10 | Kinetic redundancy in dye sensitised solar cells:the use of high band gap metal oxide barrier layers显示文摘 | EMILIO Palomares ALEX G SAIF A | 2004 | Proc SPIE2004，5520，： | 1 |
| 11 | Aromatase enzyme actlvety and sex determina-tion in chickens显示文摘 | Alex E Smith R G | 1992 | Science1992，255，： | 1 |
| 12 | Transforming growth fac- tor- 13signaling: emerging stem cell target in metastatic breast cancer 显示文摘 | Tan A R Alexe G Reiss M | 2009 | Breast Cancer Res Treat2009，115，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Catalytic methanation 显示文摘 | Alex Mills G Pred W Steffgen | 1973 | Catal Rev1973，8，2： | 1 |
| 14 | A 30-year expe rience in the management of primary carcinoma of vagi ha:analysis of prognostic factors and treatment modali ties显示文摘 | Richard G Stock M D Alex S J | 1995 | Gynecol Oncol1995，56，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Physical and chemical fractionation of dissolved organic matter and trihalomethane precursors: A review 显示文摘 | Alex T C Suduan G Randy A D | 2005 | Joumal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-AQUA2005，54，8： | 1 |
| 16 | Effects of yttrium on the sintering and microstructure of alumina-silicon carbide 'nanocomposites' 显示文摘 | ALEX M C IAN P S RICHARD I T STEVE G R | 2005 | J Am Ceram Soc2005，88，9： | 1 |
| 17 | Authentic materials and authenticity in foreign language learning 显示文摘 | Alex G | 2007 | Language Teaching2007，，40： | 1 |
| 18 | Star pattern identification using discrete attitude variation technique显示文摘 | Rao G N Bhat M S Alex T K | 2005 | Journal of Guidance Control and Dynamics2005，28，6： | 1 |
| 19 | Characterization of polyploid wheat genomic diversity using a high-density 90 000 single nucleotide polymorphism array 显示文摘 | Wang SC Debbie W Kerrie F Alexandra A Shiaoman C Bevan EH Marco M Silvio S Sara GM Luigi C Anna MM Alex W Stuart S Gary B Ralf W Joerg P International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium Morten L Diane M Rudi A Rudy D Gina BG Abraham K Alina RA Catherine F Jerome S Michele M Curtis P Luo MC Jan DMM Jorge D Martin G Roberto T Cindy L Ivan M Colin C Keith JE Matthew H Eduard A | 2014 | Plant Biotechnol J2014，12，： | 1 |
| 20 | Modelling freshwater inflows in a shallow lake显示文摘 | ALEX J M IOANNIS G | 2004 | Archives of Hydro-enginee6mg and Environmental Mechanics2004，51，1： | 1 |
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