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| 1 | Duodenal gangliocytic paraganglioma with lymph node metastases: a case report and comparative review of 31 cases显示文摘Gangliocytic paraganglioma(GP) is a rare tumor of uncertain origin most often located in the second portion of the duodenum. It is composed of three cellular components: Epithelioid endocrine cells, spindlelike/sustentacular cells, and ganglion-like cells. While this tumor most often behaves in a benign manner, cases with metastasis are reported. We describe the case of a 62-year-old male with a periampullary GP with metastases to two regional lymph nodes who was successfully treated with pancreaticoduodenectomy. Using Pub Med, EMBASE, EBSCOhost MEDLINE and CINAHL, and Google Scholar, we searched the literature for cases of GP with regional lymph node metastasis and evaluated the varying presentations, diagnostic workup, and disease management of identified cases. Thirty-one cases of GP with metastasis were compiled(30 with at least lymph node metastases and one with only distant metastasis to bone), with age at diagnosis ranging from 16 to 74 years. Ratio of males to females was 19:12. The most common presenting symptoms were abdominal pain(55%) and gastrointestinal bleeding or sequelae(42%). Twenty-five patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. Five patients were treated with local resection alone. One patient died secondary to metastatic disease, and one died secondary to perioperative decompensation. The remainder did well, with no evidence of disease at follow-up from the most recent procedure(except two in which residual disease was deliberately left behind). Of the 26 cases with sufficient histological description, 16 described a primary tumor that infiltrated deep to the submucosa, and 3 described lymphovascular invasion. Of the specific immunohistochemistry staining patterns studied, synaptophysin(SYN) stained all epithelioid endocrine cells(18/18). Neuron specific enolase(NSE) and SYN stained most ganglion-like cells(7/8 and 13/18 respectively), and S-100 stained all spindle-like/sustentacular cells(21/21). Our literature review of published cases of GP with lymph node metastasis underscores the excellent prognosis of GP regardless of specific treatment modality. We question the necessity of aggressive surgical intervention in select patients, and argue that local resection of the mass and metastasis may be adequate. We also emphasize the importance of pre-surgical assessment with imaging studies, as well as post-surgical follow-up surveillance for disease recurrence. | Sahara J Cathcart Aaron R Sasson Jessica A Kozel Jennifer M Oliveto Quan P Ly | 2017 | World Journal of Clinical Cases2017，5，6： | 9 |
| 2 | Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition reduces succinate levels in diabetic mice显示文摘BACKGROUND Type 1 diabetes(T1D) is associated with major chronic microvascular complications which contribute significantly to diabetes associated morbidity.The protein primarily responsible for glucose reabsorption in the kidney is sodium glucose co-transporter 2(SGLT2). Presently, SGLT2 inhibitors are widely used in diabetic patients to improve blood glucose levels and prevent cardiovascular and renal complications. Given the broad therapeutic application of SGLT2 inhibitors, we hypothesised that SGLT2 inhibition may exert its protective effects via alterations of the gut microbiome and tested this in a type 1 diabetic mouse model of diabetic retinopathy.AIM To determine whether the treatment with two independent SGLT2 inhibitors affects gut health in a type 1 diabetic mouse model.METHODS The SGLT2 inhibitors empagliflozin or dapagliflozin(25 mg/kg/d) or vehicle dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO) were administered to C57 BL/6 J, Akita, Kimba and Akimba mice at 10 wk of age for 8 wk via their drinking water. Serum samples were collected and the concentration of succinate and the short chain fatty acid(SCFA) butyric acid was measured using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was performed to determine the concentration of insulin and leptin. Furthermore, the norepinephrine content in kidney tissue was determined using ELISA. Pancreatic tissue was collected and stained with haematoxylin and eosin and analysed using brightfield microscopy.RESULTS Due to the presence of the Akita allele, both Akita and Akimba mice showed a reduction in insulin production compared to C57 BL/6 J and Kimba mice.Furthermore, Akita mice also showed the presence of apoptotic bodies within the pancreatic islets. The acinar cells of Akita and Akimba mice showed swelling which is indicative of acute injury or pancreatitis. After 8 wk of SGLT2 inhibition with dapagliflozin, the intermediate metabolite of gut metabolism known as succinate was significantly reduced in Akimba mice when compared to DMSO treated mice. In addition, empagliflozin resulted in suppression of succinate levels in Akimba mice. The beneficial SCFA known as butyric acid was significantly increased in Akita mice after treatment with dapagliflozin when compared to vehicle treated mice. The norepinephrine content in the kidney was significantly reduced with both dapagliflozin and empagliflozin therapy in Akita mice and was significantly reduced in Akimba mice treated with empagliflozin.In non-diabetic C57 BL/6 J and Kimba mice, serum leptin levels were significantly reduced after dapagliflozin therapy.CONCLUSION The inhibition of SGLT2 reduces the intermediate metabolite succinate, increases SCFA butyric acid levels and reduces norepinephrine content in mouse models of T1 D. Collectively, these improvements may represent an important mechanism underlying the potential benefits of SGLT2 inhibition in T1 D and its complications. | Lakshini Y Herat Natalie C Ward Aaron L Magno Elizabeth P Rakoczy Marcio G Kiuchi Markus P Schlaich Vance B Matthews | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，23： | 3 |
| 3 | Posterolateral Transfibular Approach to Tibial Plateau Fractures: Technique, Results, and Rationale显示文摘 | Lucian B Solomon Aaron W Stevenson Robert P V Baird Anthony P Pohl | 2010 | Journal of Orthopaedic Trauma2010，，8： | 2 |
| 4 | Low frequency EMF regulates chondrocyte differentiation and expression of matrix proteins显示文摘 | Lester G Aaron RK Neame P | 2002 | J Orthop Res2002，20，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Bone graft substitutes in sports medicine 显示文摘 | Gardiner Aaron Weitzel Paul P | 2007 | Sports Medicine and Arthroscopy Review2007，15，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Outpatient oral prednisone after emergency treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease显示文摘 | Aaron S D Vandemheen K L Hebert P | 2003 | N Engl J Med2003，348，： | 1 |
| 7 | Atrazine and Cancer Incidence Among Pesticide Applicators in the Agricultural Health Study (1994-2007)显示文摘 | Beane Freeman Laura E Rusiecki Jennifer A Hoppin Jane A Lubin Jay H Koutros Stella Andreotti Gabriella Zahm Sheila Hoar Hines Cynthia J Coble Joseph B Barone-Adesi Francesco Sloan Jennifer Sandler Dale P Blair Aaron Alavanja Michael C R | 2011 | Environmental Health Perspectives2011，，9： | 1 |
| 8 | Outpatient oral prednisone after emergency treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 显示文摘 | Aaron S D Vandemheen K L Hebert P | 2003 | N Engl J Med2003，348，26： | 1 |
| 9 | Experimentation analysis and correlation of refrigerant-22 flow through short tube restrictors 显示文摘 | Aaron D A Domanski P A | 1990 | ASHRAE Trans1990，96，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Osteoporosis and the replacement of cell population of the marrow by adipose tissue:a quantitative study of 84 iliac bone biopsies 显示文摘 | Meunier P Aaron J Edouard C | 1971 | Clin Orthop Relat Res1971，80，： | 1 |
| 11 | Early and midterm results of kissing stent technique in the management of aortoiliac obstructive disease显示文摘 | Raffaele P Walter D Aaron F | 2015 | Ann Vase Surg2015，29，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Perfusion ab- normalities in subchondral bone associated with marrow edema, os- teoarthritis, and avascular necrosis 显示文摘 | AARON R K DYKE J P C1OMBOR D M | 2007 | Ann N Y Acad Sci2007，1117，： | 1 |
| 13 | PCR detection of mycobacterium paratuberculosis in Crohn s disease granulomas isolated by laser capture microdissection 显示文摘 | Ryan P Bennett MW Aarons S | 2002 | Gut2002，51，5： | 1 |
| 14 | A decision-making and parcel eastern Amazon 显示文摘 | Evans T P Manire Aaron dynamic model of household level landcover change in the Castro Fabio de | 2001 | Ecological Modelling2001，143，12： | 1 |
| 15 | Improved methods for the ,cxtraction and analysis of isoflavones from soycontaining foods and nutritional suftplements by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid chromatographymass spectrometry 显示文摘 | Aaron P G Mark W C | 2001 | Journal of Chromatography A2001，913，： | 1 |
| 16 | Effects of suspen- ded sediment characteristics and bed sediment transport on streambed clogging 显示文摘 | Kristin J R Aaron I P Jianhong R | 2005 | Hydrological Processes2005，，19： | 1 |
| 17 | Shevchenko Impact of insurance for operational risk: Is it worthwhile to insure or be in- sured for severe losses? 显示文摘 | W P Gareth D 13 Aaron V Pavel | 2011 | Insurancez Mathematics and Eco- nomics2011，48，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Nanoparticleagglomeration in polymer-based solar cells显示文摘 | Jonathon W K Aaron P R Michael E M | 2010 | PhysicalReview Letters2010，105，16： | 1 |
| 19 | Leukocytosis in obeseindividuals : possible link in patients with unexplained persistentneutrophilia 显示文摘 | YA1R H OR1 R AARON P | 2006 | European Journal o f Haematology2006，76，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Discovery of trypanocidal thiosemicarbazone inhibitors of rhodesain and TbcatB显示文摘 | Jeremy P Mallari Anang Shelat Aaron Kosinski | 2008 | Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters2008，18，： | 1 |
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