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| 1 | Cyclosporine versus tacrolimus in patients with HCV infection after liver transplantation:Effects on virus replication and recurrent hepatitis显示文摘瞄准:决定 calcineurin 禁止者, cyclosporine 和 tacrolimus 的效果,在丙肝上,在病人的周期性的丙肝的病毒(HCV ) 复制和活动张贴肝移植。方法:在我们的中心为在 1999 和 2003 之间的联系 HCV 的肝肝硬化收到了肝移植的 107 个病人的一个队的数据回顾地被分析。浆液 HCV-RNA 的水平和周期性的肝炎的活动在作为主要抑制免疫力的代理人和没在移植以后在开始的 12 瞬间以内导致胆汁的复杂并发症的不那样类似的抑制免疫力的政体收到了 cyclosporine 或 tacrolimus 的 47 个病人之间被比较。结果:HCV-RNA 在移植以后在 3 瞬间以内增加了,但是 cyclosporine 组和 tacrolimus 组之间的差别是不足道的(在 12 瞬间的 P=0.49 ) 。另外,由浆液 transaminases 决定了的周期性的肝炎并且门发炎和纤维变性的组织学的分级没在 12 瞬间(P=0.34 ) 以后显示出有效差量。结论:一个主要抑制免疫力的代理人不在肝移植以后在感染 HCV 的病人影响周期性的肝炎的正式就职或严厉的 Cyclosporine 或 tacrolimus。 | Philip Hilgard Alisan Kahraman Nils Lehmann Cornelia Seltmann Susanne Beckebaum R Stefan Ross Hideo A Baba Massimo Malago Christoph E Broelsch Guido Gerken | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，5： | 235 |
| 2 | Portal vein thrombosis:Insight into physiopathology,diagnosis,and treatment显示文摘Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a relatively common complication in patients with liver cirrhosis, but might also occur in absence of an overt liver disease. Several causes, either local or systemic, might play an important role in PVT pathogenesis. Frequently, more than one risk factor could be identified; however, occasionally no single factor is discernable. Clinical examination, laboratory investigations, and imaging are helpful to provide a quick diagnosis, as prompt treatment might greatly affect a patient's outcome. In this review, we analyze the physiopathological mechanisms of PVT development, together with the hemodynamic and functional alterations related to this condition. Moreover, we describe the principal factors most frequently involved in PVT development and the recent knowledge concerning diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Finally, we analyze the implications of PVT in the setting of liver transplantation and its possible influence on patients' future prognoses. | Francesca R Ponziani Maria A Zocco Chiara Campanale Emanuele Rinninella Annalisa Tortora Luca Di Maurizio Giuseppe Bombardieri Raimondo De Cristofaro Anna M De Gaetano Raffaele Landolfi Antonio Gasbarrini | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，2： | 75 |
| 3 | 英国预防医院感染循证指南--导管相关血流感染的预防指南(Ⅱ)显示文摘1医务人员及患者的教育IVAD1为预防导管相关血流感染,参与护理血管导管患者的医务人员应经过培训,并经评估可以胜任正确使用和持续依从预防血管导管相关感染指南。Class D/GPP IVAD2医务人员应该了解不同导管、连接装置、输液系统的留置时间,消毒剂与其他液体兼容性的制造商建议,确保安全使用这些物品。新建议Class | 热伊拜.亚迪佧尔 Loveday H P Wilson J A Pratta R J | 2014 | 中国感染控制杂志2014，13，9： | 62 |
| 4 | TME术前短程放疗后化疗对比术前放化疗联合术后辅助化疗治疗局部晚期直肠癌(RAPIDO研究)—一项随机、开放的Ⅲ期临床试验显示文摘背景:全身复发仍然是局部晚期直肠癌患者需要面临的难题。该研究是采用短程放疗后行化疗和延迟手术对比术前诱导治疗后直接手术疗效的临床试验(the Rectal cancer And Preoperative Induction therapy followed by Dedicated Operation,RAPIDO),旨在不影响局部控制效果的前提下减少远处转移。方法:在这项多中心、随机、开放的Ⅲ期试验中,参与者来自于荷兰、瑞典、西班牙、斯洛文尼亚、丹麦、挪威和美国的共54个医学中心。纳入患者年龄在18岁及以上,ECOG评分为0~1分,且为经活检确诊局部晚期原发直肠腺癌的初诊患者,盆腔MRI评估为高危(至少符合一项标准:cT4a或cT4b,壁外血管侵犯,cN2,直肠系膜筋膜受累,或侧方淋巴结增大)。患者具备化疗适应证,并可在随机分组前5周内完成分期评估。 | 李来元 张维胜 BAHADOER R R DIJKSTRA E A VAN ETTEN B | 2021 | 结直肠肛门外科2021，27，1： | 72 |
| 5 | BCLC策略:预后预测和治疗推荐2022版更新显示文摘2018版BCLC预后和治疗推荐策略发布后,肝细胞癌(简称HCC)的研究又取得了重大进展。本次更新基于肝癌各领域的研究进展结果。重点关注影响策略的重要研究进展。虽然近年的研究结果成绩斐然,但将其引入为临床医生和研究者提供行动依据的循证模型指南来说证据效力依然不够确切。本文对该问题进行分析,阐述了为HCC患者制定个体化治疗临床决策所需的批判性思维和专业知识。 | Reig M Forner A Rimola J Ferrer-Fabrega J Burrel M Garcia-Criado A Kelley RK Galle PR Mazzaferro V Salem R Sangro B Singal AG Vogel A Fuster J Ayuso C Bruix J 刘永凡(摘译) 崔笑(摘译) 耿小平(审校) | 2022 | 肝胆外科杂志2022，30，5： | 80 |
| 6 | Glu-1和Glu-3等位变异对小麦加工品质的影响显示文摘Glu 1位点等位基因编码的高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基 (HMW GS)和Glu 3位点等位基因编码的低分子量麦谷蛋白亚基 (LMW GS)是决定小麦加工品质的重要因素。用优质面包小麦中优 95 0 7的两个杂交组合 ,即中优 95 0 7/鲁麦 5号和中优 95 0 7/晋麦 4 5F5代 ,澳大利亚优质面包小麦Sunstate的两个杂交组合 ,即Sunstate/济南 16和Sunstate/鲁麦 2 1F2 代 ,研究了Glu 1和Glu 3位点等位变异对小麦加工品质的影响。结果表明 ,当材料为非 1BL/1RS易位系时 ,位点对小麦加工品质的贡献大小为Glu D1>Glu A3≥Glu B1;当材料为 1BL/1RS易位系时 ,位点对小麦加工品质的贡献大小为Glu B3>Glu D1>Glu A1。 1BL/1RS易位对SDS沉降值、和面时间和耐揉性均有显著负面影响。就单个亚基而言 ,Glu A1位点 1>N ,Glu B1位点 17+18>7+8>7+9,Glu D1位点 5 +10 >2 +12、3+12和 4 +12 ,Glu A3位点GluA3d和GluA3b >Glu A3a ,Glu B3位点GluB3d >GluB3b和GluB3h >GluB3j。亚基组合为 1、7+9、5 +10、GluA3d、GluB3b和 1、7+8、5 +10、Glu A3d、GluB3d的材料 ,加工品质优良 ,亚基组合为 1、7+8、2 +12、GluA3a、GluB3d和N、7+9、3+12、GluA3d、GluB3j的材料加工品质较差。 | 刘丽 周阳 何中虎 阎俊 张艳 Pea R J | 2004 | 作物学报2004，30，10： | 54 |
| 7 | 软质小麦品质性状与酥性饼干品质参数的关系研究显示文摘选用我国17份软质小麦品种(系)在3点种植2年,研究软质小麦品质性状与酥性饼干品质的关系,探讨优质饼干品种的筛选指标。结果表明,粉质仪和拉伸仪参数与饼干品质的相关系数较小;吹泡仪弹性、吹泡仪弹性,延伸性、碱水保持力(AWRC)、碳酸钠溶剂保持力(SRC)和蔗糖SRC与饼干直径关系密切,相关系数分别为-0.79、-0.75、-0.78、-0.79和-0.80,可作为饼干品质的筛选指标。筛选出建麦1号、皖麦19和皖麦48三个饼干品质优良的品种,提出了优质饼干小麦品种的具体品质指标,即籽粒硬度(SKCS)1~40,籽粒蛋白质含量9.0%~11.5%,面粉蛋白质含量8.0%~10.0%,吹泡仪弹性≤40mm,弹性,延伸性≤0.50,吹泡仪能量≤75×10^-4J,碱水保持力≤59%,水SRC≤53%,碳酸钠SRC≤66%,乳酸SRC≤83%,蔗糖SRC≤87%,饼干直径≥480mm。 | 张岐军 张艳 何中虎 R J Pea | 2005 | 作物学报2005，31，9： | 58 |
| 8 | 声弹性成像诊断淋巴结转移癌的初步经验显示文摘该文旨在研究声弹性成像在鉴别甲状腺癌和下咽癌患者颈部淋巴结良、恶性的精确度。应用前瞻性研究方法,对141个颈部淋巴结(43例患者)进行检测,其中60个为转移性、81个为非转移性淋巴结。对诊断为甲状腺癌或下咽癌并准备接受手术的患者行颈部灰阶超声、多普勒和声弹性成像检查。在灰阶超声、多普勒检测的过程中,记录淋巴结的影像学特点,如淋巴结短轴直径、短长轴比、内部回声、钙化和血流特点。 | Lyshehik A Higashi T Asato R 王延安 | 2007 | 中国口腔颌面外科杂志2007，5，3： | 54 |
| 9 | Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the metabolic syndrome:An update显示文摘Sedentary lifestyle and poor dietary choices are leading to a weight gain epidemic in westernized countries, subsequently increasing the risk for developing the metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD is estimated to affect approximate 30% of the general US population and is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome. Recent findings linking the components of the metabolic syndrome with NAFLD and the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) will be reviewed; in particular, the role of visceral adipose tissue, insulin resistance, and adipocytokines in the exacerbation of these conditions. While no therapy has been proven effective for treating NAFLD/NASH, common recommendations will be discussed. | R Scott Rector John P Thyfault Yongzhong Wei Jamal A Ibdah | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，2： | 60 |
| 10 | Staging accuracy of esophageal cancer by endoscopic ultrasound:A meta-analysis and systematic review显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) in the staging of esophageal cancer. METHODS: Only EUS studies confirmed by surgery were selected. Articles were searched in Medline and Pubmed. Two reviewers independently searched and extracted data. Meta-analysis of the accuracy of EUS was analyzed by calculating pooled estimates of sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio. Pooling was conducted by both the Mantel-Haenszel method (fixed effects model) and DerSimonian Laird method (random effects model). The heterogeneity of studies was tested using Cochran’s Q test based upon inverse variance weights. RESULTS: Forty-nine studies (n = 2558) which met the inclusion criteria were included in this analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of EUS to diagnose T1 was 81.6% (95% CI: 77.8-84.9) and 99.4% (95% CI: 99.0-99.7), respectively. To diagnose T4, EUS had a pooled sensitivity of 92.4% (95% CI: 89.2-95.0) and specificity of 97.4% (95% CI: 96.6-98.0). With Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA), sensitivity of EUS to diagnose N stage improved from 84.7% (95% CI: 82.9-86.4) to 96.7% (95% CI: 92.4-98.9). The P value for the χ2 test of heterogeneity for all pooled estimates was > 0.10. CONCLUSION: EUS has excellent sensitivity and specificity in accurately diagnosing the TN stage of esophageal cancer. EUS performs better with advanced (T4) than early (T1) disease. FNA substantially improves the sensitivity and specificity of EUS in evaluating N stage disease. EUS should be strongly considered for staging esophageal cancer. | Srinivas R Puli Jyotsna BK Reddy Matthew L Bechtold Daphne Antillon Jamal A Ibdah Mainor R Antillon | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，10： | 55 |
| 11 | Unusual presentations of eosinophilic gastroenteritis:Case series and review of literature显示文摘Eosinophilic gastroenteritis (EG) is an uncommon disease characterized by focal or diffuse eosinophilic infiltration of the gastrointestinal tract, and is usually associated with dyspepsia, diarrhea and peripheral eosinophilia. Diffuse gastrointestinal tract and colonic involvement are uncommon. The endoscopic appearance may vary from normal to mucosal nodularity and ulceration. Gastrointestinal obstruction is unusual and is associated with predominantly muscular disease. We present five unusual cases of EG associated with gastric outlet and duodenal obstruction. Two cases presented with acute pancreatitis and one had a history of pancreatitis. Four cases responded well to medical therapy and one had recurrent gastric outlet obstruction that required surgery. Four out of the five cases had endoscopic and histological evidence of esophagitis and two had colitis. Two patients had ascites. These cases reaffirm that EG is a disorder with protean manifestations and may involve the entire gastrointestinal tract. Gastric outlet and/or small bowel obstruction is an important though uncommon presentation of EG. It may also present as esophagitis, gastritis with polypoid lesions, ulcers or erosions, colitis and pancreatitis and may mimic malignancy. | Rafiq A Sheikh Thomas P Prindiville R Erick Pecha Boris H Ruebner | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，17： | 43 |
| 12 | 夏玉米耕作方式对耕层土壤特性时间变异性的影响显示文摘以室外田间小区试验测定和室内试验为手段 ,比较和评价了夏玉米生长期内不同耕作方式 (传统耕作、免耕及深松 )对耕层土壤物理性质和水力学特性的影响 ,定量描述了土壤干容重、地面入渗率以及饱和导水率等特性在作物整个生长季节内的时间变异性。深松耕作方式明显地减少了耕层土壤的干容重、增加了孔隙度 ,土壤孔隙尺度分布状况的改变使得土壤饱和时土壤的水分传导性能得以改善 ,但干旱时土壤的持水能力相对减弱。耕作方式引起的耕层土壤特性变化在整个夏玉米生长期内呈现出较强的时间变异性 ,尤其体现在土壤干容重、地面入渗率和饱和导水率等性能上。尽管耕作活动带来的土壤特性间的差异随着时间的延长有所减弱 。 | 许迪 Schmid R Mermoud A | 2000 | 水土保持学报2000，14，1： | 46 |
| 13 | 患者肠道微生物群失调与肠上皮屏障功能障碍显示文摘最近的证据表明,在动物模型中,肠道病理学和微生物组与高血压之间存在联系。然而,这种关联在人类中是否存在尚不清楚。因此,该研究的目的是检验高血压患者具有明显特异的肠道微生物组以及肠上皮屏障功能标记物和微生物组组成可以预测收缩压变化的假设。研究者通过鸟枪法宏基因组学分析粪便样本显示微生物分类和功能变化,结果显示高血压患者和对照受试者之间丁酸盐产生存在差异。 | Kim S Goel R Kumar A Qi Y Lobaton G Hosaka K Mohammed M Handberg EM Richards EM Pepine CJ Raizada MK 刘青 叶鹏 | 2018 | 中华高血压杂志2018，26，9： | 45 |
| 14 | 铝、镁轻合金中的稀土显示文摘综述了稀土镁和稀土铝合金的晶体化学、热力学和相图数据,根据其应用前景特别注意了富镁、富铝稀土合金及添加稀土对合金性能的影响,报道了若干稀土镁、稀土铝及含两个不同稀土的镁、铝合金的研究结果。对富镁、富铝的二元和三元合金相的结晶化学及形成规律进行了总结和讨论,并对有确定结构的合金精细设计和可能的应用提出了建议。 | Ferro R, Saccone A, Borzone G( Division of General and Inorganic Chemistry and Metallurgy Department of Chemistry, University of Genova, Dodecaneso 31,I 16146 Genova, Italy ) | 1997 | 中国稀土学报1997，15，3： | 36 |
| 15 | Type 2 diabetes mellitus:From a metabolic disorder to an inflammatory condition显示文摘Diabetes mellitus is increasing at an alarming rate and has become a global challenge.Insulin resistance intarget tissues and a relative deficiency of insulin secretion from pancreatic β-cells are the major features of type 2 diabetes(T2D).Chronic low-grade inflammation in T2 D has given an impetus to the field of immuno-metabolism linking inflammation to insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction.Many factors advocate a causal link between metabolic stress and inflammation.Numerous cellular factors trigger inflammatory signalling cascades,and as a result T2 D is at the moment considered an inflammatory disorder triggered by disordered metabolism.Cellular mechanisms like activation of Tolllike receptors,Endoplasmic Reticulum stress,and inflammasome activation are related to the nutrient excess linking pathogenesis and progression of T2 D with inflammation.This paper aims to systematically review the metabolic profile and role of various inflammatory pathways in T2 D by capturing relevant evidence from various sources.The perspectives include suggestions for the development of therapies involving the shift from metabolic stress to homeostasis that would favour insulin sensitivity and survival of pancreatic β-cells in T2 D. | Iqra Hameed Shariq R Masoodi Shahnaz A Mir Mudasar Nabi Khalid Ghazanfar Bashir A Ganai | 2015 | World Journal of Diabetes2015，6，4： | 36 |
| 16 | AGNP精神科治疗药物监测共识指南:2011显示文摘治疗药物监测(Therapeutic drug monitoring,TDM),如通过定量测定血清或血浆药物浓度指导用药剂量优化,已经成为对患者进行精神药物治疗的很有价值的工具。在患者用药依从性难以判断、药物耐受性不佳、治疗剂量下无效以及可能存在药代动力学药物-药物相互作用等情况下,测定药物浓度是很有用的。在精神科,有可能明显获益于TDM的主要患者群体包括儿童、孕妇、老年患者、智力障碍患者、涉及司法的患者、已知或怀疑携带药代动力学相关基因变异的患者,以及合并躯体疾病影响药代动力学的患者。然而,只有将TDM充分整合到临床治疗过程中去,才能发挥其优化药物治疗的潜在优势。为了促进TDM的合理应用,神经精神药理学与药物精神病学协会(Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Neuropsychopharmakologie und Pharmakopsychiatrie,AGNP)的TDM专家组在2004年发表了精神药物治疗药物监测指南。之后,随着知识不断更新,又有许多可能需要进行TDM的新药上市。因此,本次更新将神经精神药物的种类扩展到了128种,并将其TDM必要性划分为从'强烈推荐'到'可能有用'的四个等级。经过大量细致且全面的文献检索与分门别类的汇总整理,将基于循证医学理念的'治疗参考浓度范围'和'剂量相关参考浓度范围'呈现给大家。本共识指南引入了'实验室警戒浓度'的新概念,即实验室需要马上告知治疗医生的药物浓度上限。本共识指南还给出了诸如药物作为细胞色素P450酶的底物和抑制剂的性质,代谢物与母药浓度比值的常见范围,以及与结果解释相关的内容,还提供了何时将TDM与遗传药理学检测相结合的建议。遵循本指南,有助于改善许多患者精神药物治疗的效果,特别是那些存在药代动力学异常的患者。TDM是一门交叉学科,有时针对看起来不一致的数据,需要多学科坦诚地讨论,只有这样,患者才能从这种合作中获益。 | Hiemke C Baumann P Bergemann N Conca A Dietmaier O Egberts K Fric M Gerlach M Greiner C Gründer G Haen E Havemann-Reinecke U Jaquenoud Sirot E Kirchherr H Laux G Lutz UC Messer T Müller MJ Pfuhlmann B Rambeck B Riederer P Schoppek B Stingl J Uhr M Ulrich S Waschgler R Zernig G 李文标(译) 果伟(译) 阮灿军(译) 贺静(译) 汤宜朗(审校) 王传跃(审校) | 2016 | 实用药物与临床2016，19，10： | 37 |
| 17 | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and mitochondrial dysfunction显示文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) includes hepatic steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis, and cirrhosis. NAFLD is the most common liver disorder in the United States and worldwide. Due to the rapid rise of the metabolic syndrome, the prevalence of NAFLD has recently dramatically increased and will continue to increase. NAFLD has also the potential to progress to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) or liver failure. NAFLD is strongly linked to caloric overconsumption, physical inactivity, insulin resistance and genetic factors. Although significant progress in understanding the pathogenesis of NAFLD has been achieved in years, the primary metabolic abnormalities leading to lipid accumulation within hepatocytes has remained poorly understood. Mitochondria are critical metabolic organelles serving as 'cellular power plants'. Accumulating evidence indicate that hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction is crucial to the pathogenesis of NAFLD. This review is focused on the significant role of mitochondria in the development of NAFLD. | Yongzhong Wei R Scott Rector John P Thyfault Jamal A Ibdah | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，2： | 32 |
| 18 | How good is endoscopic ultrasound for TNM staging of gastric cancers? A meta-analysis and systematic review显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the accuracy of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) for staging of gastric cancers. METHODS: Only EUS studies confirmed by surgery were selected. Only studies from which a 2 × 2 table could be constructed for true positive, false negative, false positive and true negative values were included. Articles were searched in Medline, Pubmed, Ovid journals, Cumulative index for nursing & allied health literature, International pharmaceutical abstracts, old Medline, Medline nonindexed citations, and Cochrane control trial registry. Two reviewers independently searched and extracted data. The differences were resolved by mutual agreement. 2 × 2 tables were constructed with the data extracted from each study. Meta-analysis for the accuracy of EUS was analyzed by calculating pooled estimates of sensitivity, specifi city, likelihood ratios, and diagnostic odds ratio. Pooling was conducted by both the Mantel-Haenszel method (fi xed effects model) and DerSimonian Laird method (random effects model). The heterogeneity of studies was tested using Cochran's Q test based upon inverse variance weights. RESULTS: Initial search identified 1620 reference articles and of these, 376 relevant articles were selected and reviewed. Twenty-two studies (n = 1896) which met the inclusion criteria were included in this analysis. Pooled sensitivity of T1 was 88.1% (95% CI: 84.5-91.1) and T2 was 82.3% (95% CI: 78.2-86.0). For T3, pooled sensitivity was 89.7% (95% CI: 87.1-92.0). T4 hada pooled sensitivity of 99.2% (95% CI: 97.1-99.9). For nodal staging, the pooled sensitivity for N1 was 58.2% (95% CI: 53.5-62.8) and N2 was 64.9% (95% CI: 60.8-68.8). Pooled sensitivity to diagnose distant metastasis was 73.2% (95% CI: 63.2-81.7). The P for chi-squared heterogeneity for all the pooled accuracy estimates was > 0.10. CONCLUSION: EUS results are more accurate with advanced disease than early disease. If EUS diagnoses advanced disease, such as T4 disease, the patient is 500 times more likely to have true anatomic stage of T4 disease. | Srinivas Reddy Puli Jyotsna Batapati Krishna Reddy Matthew L Bechtold Mainor R Antillon Jamal A Ibdah | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，25： | 33 |
| 19 | 福林酚试剂法测定蛋白质显示文摘自1922年Wu(吴)提出用福林酚(Folin-酚)试剂测定蛋白质含量[1],已有许多采用这一试剂的改良分析操作进行血清陆”、抗原-抗体沉淀物[7-9]和胰岛素[10]中蛋白质含量测定的报道。虽然这一试剂以其灵敏度高和操作简便得到推荐,但并不适合普遍的生物化学应用。 | Lowry O H Rosebrough N J Farr A L Randall R J 陈祥娥 | 2011 | 食品与药品2011，13，3： | 34 |
| 20 | 最新AD研究用诊断标准:IWG-2标准显示文摘在过去的8年中,国际工作组织(IWG)和美国国立老化研究院-阿尔茨海默协会(NIA-AA)建立了阿尔茨海默病(AD)诊断标准,它能更好地定义AD的临床表型,整合了生物标记物于诊断流程中,并覆盖了疾病的全程。本意见书充分地权衡了IWG标准的优缺点,建议改进诊断框架。依据这些改进,AD的诊断变得简单,只要有恰当的AD临床表型(典型或不典型)和与AD的病理相一致的病理生理学生物标志物出现。我们认为疾病的下游的定位性生物标志,如容积性磁共振成像(MRI)和氟脱氧葡萄糖-正电子发射型计算机断层成像(FDG-PET)等,适合更好地测量和监测疾病过程。本文还详述了非典型性AD、混合性AD和AD临床前期的特异诊断标准。 | 陈刚 曹雯炜 俞羚 糜建华 Dubois B Feldman HH Jacova C Hampel H Molinuevo JL Blennow K DeK osky ST Gauthier S Selkoe D Bateman R Cappa S Crutch S Engelborghs S Frisoni GB Fox NC Galasko D Habert MO Jicha GA Nordberg A Pasquier F Rabinovici G Robert P Rowe C Salloway S Sarazin M Epelbaum S de Souza LC Vellas B Visser PJ Schneider L Stern Y Scheltens P Cummings JL | 2014 | 神经病学与神经康复学杂志2014，11，3： | 31 |
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