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| 1 | Impacts of degrading permafrost on streamflow in the source area of Yellow River on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China显示文摘Many observations in and model simulations for northern basins have confirmed an increased streamflow from degrading permafrost,while the streamflow has declined in the source area of the Yellow River(SAYR,above the Tanag hydrological station)on the northeastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,West China.How and to what extent does the degrading permafrost change the flow in the SAYR?According to seasonal regimes of hydrological processes,the SAYR is divided intofour sub-basins with varied permafrost extents to detect impacts of permafrost degradation on the Yellow River streamflow.Results show that permafrost degradation may have released appreciable meltwater for recharging groundwater.The potential release rate of ground-ice melt-water in the Sub-basin 1(the headwater area of the Yellow River(HAYR),above the Huangheyan hydrological station)is the highest(5.6 mm per year),contributing to 14.4%of the annual Yellow River streamflow at Huangheyan.Seasonal/intra-and annual shifts of streamflow,a possible signal for the marked alteration of hydrological processes by permafrost degradation,is observed in the HAYR,but the shifts are minor in other sub-basins in the SAYR.Improved hydraulic connectivity is expected to occur during and after certain degrees of permafrost degradation.Direct impacts of permafrost degradation on the annual Yellow River streamflow in the SAYR at Tanag,i.e.,from the meltwater of ground-ice,is estimated at 4.9%that of the annual Yellow River discharge at Tanag,yet with a high uncertainty,due to neglecting of the improved hydraulic connections from permafrost degradation and the flow generation conditions for the ground-ice meltwater.Enhanced evapotranspiration,substantial weakening of the Southwest China Autumn Rain,and anthropogenic disturbances may largely account for the declined streamflow in the SAYR. | MA Qiang JIN Hui-Jun Victor F.BENSE LUO Dong-Liang Sergey S.MARCHENKO Stuart A.HARRIS LAN Yong-Chao | 2019 | Advances in Climate Change Research2019，10，4： | 9 |
| 2 | LOW OR UNRECORDABLE PULSATILE OCULAR BLOOD FLOW MAY BE RELAT-ED TO SEVERE STENOSIS OF THE IPSI-TATERAL INTERNAL CAROTID ARTERY显示文摘Purpose: To examine the relationship between stenosis of the internal carotid artery (ICA) and pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF). Methods: In 57 eyes of 30 patients who were referred for doppler ultrasound examination of the ICA we measured POBF and analyzed the correlation with degree of ipsilat-eral ICA stenosis. Results: There was a significant negative correlation between POBF and ipsilateral ICA stenosis (Pearson correlation coefficient, r =-0.516, P< 0.0001). In 14 | Y.Barkana A.Harris L.Hefez M.Zaritski D.Chen I.Avni | 2003 | 国际眼科杂志2003，3，1： | 4 |
| 3 | Evolution of permafrost in Northeast Chinasince the Late Pleistocene显示文摘In Northeast China, permafrost advanced and retreated several times under the influences of fluctuating paleo-climates and paleo-environments since the Late Pleistocene. During the last 60 years, many new data were obtained and studies were conducted on the evolution of permafrost in Northeast China, but so far no systematic summary and review have been made. Based on sedimentary sequences, remains of past permafrost, paleo-flora and-fauna records, and dating data, permafrost evolution since the Late Pleistocene has been analyzed and reconstructed in this paper. Paleo-temperatures reconstructed from the remains of past permafrost and those from paleo-flora and-fauna are compared, and thus the southern limit of permafrost(SLP) in each climate period is inferred by the relationship of the permafrost distribution and the mean annual air/ground temperatures(MAAT/MAGT). Thus, the evolutionary history of permafrost is here divided into five stages:(1) the Late Pleistocene(Last Glaciation, or LG)(65 to 10–8.5 ka), the Last Glaciation Maximum(LGM, 21–13 ka) in particular, the coldest period in the latest history with a cooling of about 6~10 ?C, characterized by extensive occurrences of glaciation, flourishing Mammathas-Coelodonta Faunal Complex(MCFC), widespread aeolian deposits, and significant sea level lowering, and permafrost greatly expanded southwards almost to the coastal plains(37?N–41?N);(2) the Holocene Megathermal Period(HMP, 8.5–7.0 to 4.0–3.0 ka), 3~5 ?C warmer than today, permafrost retreated to about 52°N;(3) the Late Holocene Cold Period(Neoglaciation)(4.0–3.0 to 1.0–0.5 ka), a cooling of 1~3 ?C, some earlier thawed permafrost was refrozen or attached, and the SLP invaded southwards to 46?N;(4) the Little Ice Age(LIA, 500 to 100–150 a), the latest cold period with significant permafrost expansion; and(5) climate warming since the last century, during which Northeast China has undergone extensive permafrost degradation. The frequent and substantial expansions and retreats of permafrost have greatly impacted cold-region environments in Northeast China. North of the SLP during the HMP, or in the present continuous permafrost zone, the existing permafrost was largely formed during the LG and was later overlapped by the permafrost formed in the Neoglaciation. To the south, it was formed in the Neoglaciation. However, many aspects of permafrost evolution still await further investigations, such as data integration, numerical reconstruction, and merging of Chinese permafrost history with those of bordering regions as well as collaboration with related disciplines. Of these, studieson the evolution and degradation of permafrost during the past 150 years and its hydrological, ecological, and environmental impacts should be prioritized. | HuiJun Jin XiaoLi Chang DongLiang Luo RuiXia He LanZhi Lu SiZhong Yang DongXin Guo XueMei Chen Stuart A.Harris | 2016 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2016，8，4： | 3 |
| 4 | Tessellons, topography, and glaciations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau显示文摘The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has developed into a vast fortress-like structure that has recently presented a barrier limiting the egress of moisture-bearing air masses. Lower sea levels also affected the climate. This paper examines their effects on the current evidence for the timing of past glaciations, and the development and evolution of permafrost. There are two theories regarding glaciation on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(QTP). Kuhle suggested that there was a major, unified ice-cap during the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM), whereas major Chinese glaciologists and others have not found or verified reliable evidence for this per se. There have been limited glaciations during the last 1.1 Ma B.P. but with increasing dominance of permafrost including both primary and secondary tessellons infilled with rock, sand or loess. The East Asia Monsoon was absent in this area during the main LGM, starting at >30 ka B.P. on the plateau, with sufficient precipitation reappearing about 19 ka B.P. to produce ice-wedges. A weak Megathermal event took place between 8.5 and 6.0 ka B.P., followed by Neoglacial events exhibiting peak cold at 5.3–4.7 ka, 3.1–1.5 ka, and the Little Ice Age(LIA) after 0.7 ka. Subsequently,mean annual air temperature has increased by 4 °C. | Stuart A.Harris Hui Jun Jin Rui Xia He Si Zhong Yang | 2018 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2018，10，3： | 3 |
| 5 | Climate change and permafrost stability in the eastern Canada Cordillera:The results of 33 years of measurements显示文摘Over the last 33 years,a network of climate stations has been set up at high altitude mountain permafrost sites from Plateau Mountain near Claresholm,Alberta,north to Sheldon Lake on the North Canol Road in the Yukon.Taken together with the data from the US National Weather Service and the Canadian Atmospheric Environment Service,the results indicate a cooling of mean annual air temperature south of Calgary,no significant change in Calgary,a slight warming at Jasper,and a major warming at Summit Lake,west of Fort Nelson.In contrast,the south eastern and central Yukon show only a minor warming trend that lies well within the limits of a sixty-year record measured by the Canadian Atmospheric Environment Service.Along the Mackenzie valley and on the North Slope of Alaska,the mean annual air temperature is rising.Permafrost is aggrading on Plateau Mountain,degrading at Summit Lake,and appears to be stable in southern Yukon and southern Alaska.This is in contrast to the warming occurring on the Arctic coastal plain and along the Mackenzie valley.It therefore appears that changes in climate vary considera-bly from place to place,and even where warming may occur,it may not continue indefinitely.There has been a northward shift of the arctic front due to a weakening of air pressure in the Yukon and Alaska relative to the continental tropical(cT) and maritime polar(mT) air masses to the south.Any actual changes that may be occurring appear to undergo amplification along the Mackenzie valley and Arctic coastal plain and reduction by buffering in the interior Yukon and Alaskan mountains,a result of mi-cro-environmental factors.Continued,careful monitoring of the climate is required and needs to be expanded in the National Parks in the mountains in order to provide data on the changes that may be taking place.Such measurements can provide a sound basis for interpreting ecological and other climate-related data.The existing climate models are not working satisfactorily because we do not know enough about the causes and processes involved in climate change.Improved results can indicate where best to site structures such as pipelines so as to minimize maintenance costs.Models may also help explain why certain areas such as Beringia,which saw reduced climate change,acted as important refugia during the glaciations. | Stuart A.Harris | 2009 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2009，1，5： | 3 |
| 6 | Activation of TRPV1 receptor facilitates myelin repair following demyelination via the regulation of microglial function显示文摘The transient receptor potential vanilloid 1(TRPV1)is a non-selective cation channel that is activated by capsaicin(CAP),the main component of chili pepper.Despite studies in several neurological diseases,the role of TRPV1 in demyelinating diseases remains unknown.Herein,we reported that TRPV1 expression was increased within the corpus callosum during demyelination in a cuprizone(CPZ)-induced demyelination mouse model.TRPV1 deficiency exacerbated motor coordinative dysfunction and demyelination in CPZ-treated mice,whereas the TRPV1 agonist CAP improved the behavioral performance and facilitated remyelination.TRPV1 was predominantly expressed in Iba1+microglia/macrophages in human brain sections of multiple sclerosis patients and mouse corpus callosum under demyelinating conditions.TRPV1 deficiency decreased microglial recruitment to the corpus callosum,with an associated increase in the accumulation of myelin debris.Conversely,the activation of TRPV1 by CAP enhanced the recruitment of microglia to the corpus callosum and potentiated myelin debris clearance.Using real-time live imaging we confirmed an increased phagocytic function of microglia following CAP treatment.In addition,the expression of the scavenger receptor CD36 was increased,and that of the glycolysis regulators Hif1a and Hk2 was decreased.We conclude that TRPV1 is an important regulator of microglial function in the context of demyelination and may serve as a promising therapeutic target for demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis. | Jing-xian Sun Ke-ying Zhu Yu-meng Wang Dan-jie Wang Mi-zhen Zhang Heela Sarlus Irene Benito-Cuesta Xiao-qiang Zhao Zao-feng Zou Qing-yang Zhong Yi Feng Shuai Wu Yan-qing Wang Robert A.Harris Jun Wang | 2023 | Acta Pharmacologica Sinica2023，44，4： | 2 |
| 7 | Reefs and islands of the Chagos Archipelago, Indian Ocean: why it is the world’s largest no‐take marine protected area显示文摘 | C. R. C.Sheppard M.Ateweberhan B. W.Bowen P.Carr C. A.Chen C.Clubbe M. T.Craig R.Ebinghaus J.Eble N.Fitzsimmons M. R.Gaither C‐H.Gan M.Gollock N.Guzman N. A. J.Graham A.Harris R.Jones S.Keshavmurthy H.Koldewey C. G.Lundin J. A.Mortimer D.Obura M.Pfeiffer | 2012 | Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst2012，，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Characterizing abdominal pain in IBS: guidance for study inclusion criteria, outcome measurement and clinical practice显示文摘 | B. M. R.Spiegel R.Bolus L. A.Harris S.Lucak W. D.Chey G.Sayuk E.Esrailian A.Lembo H.Karsan K.Tillisch J.Talley L.Chang | 2010 | Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics2010，，9： | 1 |
| 9 | RAGE is the Major Receptor for the Proinflammatory Activity of HMGB1 in Rodent Macrophages显示文摘 | R.Kokkola ?.Andersson G.Mullins T.?stberg C.‐J.Treutiger B.Arnold P.Nawroth U.Andersson R. A.Harris H. E.Harris | 2005 | Scandinavian Journal of Immunology2005，，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Characterization of a novel murine Sost ERT2 Cre model targeting osteocytes显示文摘Transgenic mice are widely used to delete or overexpress genes in a cell specific manner to advance knowledge of bone biology,function and disease.While numerous Cre models exist to target gene recombination in osteoblasts and osteoclasts,few target osteocytes specifically,particularly mature osteocytes.Our goal was to create a spatial and temporal conditional Cre model using tamoxifen to induce Cre activity in mature osteocytes using a Bac construct containing the 5’and 3’regions of the Sost gene(Sost ERT2 Cre).Four founder lines were crossed with the Ai9 Cre reporter mice.One founder line showed high and specific activity in mature osteocytes.Bones and organs were imaged and fluorescent signal quantitated.While no activity was observed in 2 day old pups,by 2 months of age some osteocytes were positive as osteocyte Cre activity became spontaneous or‘leaky’with age.The percentage of positive osteocytes increased following tamoxifen injection,especially in males,with 43%to 95%positive cells compared to 19%to 32%in females.No signal was observed in any bone surface cell,bone marrow,nor in muscle with or without tamoxifen injection.No spontaneous signal was observed in any other organ.However,with tamoxifen injection,a few positive cells were observed in kidney,eye,lung,heart and brain.All other organs,28 in total,were negative with tamoxifen injection.However,with age,a muscle phenotype was apparent in the Sost-ERT2 Cre mice.Therefore,although this mouse model may be useful for targeting gene deletion or expression to mature osteocytes,the muscle phenotype may restrict the use of this model to specific applications and should be considered when interpreting data. | Delphine B.Maurel Tsutomu Matsumoto Julian A.Vallejo Mark L.Johnson Sarah L.Dallas Yukiko Kitase Marco Brotto Michael J.Wacker Marie A.Harris Stephen E.Harris Lynda F.Bonewald | 2019 | Bone Research2019，7，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Speed associated with plasma pH, oxygen content, total protein and urea in an 80 km race显示文摘 | R. M.HOFFMAN T. M.HESS C. A.WILLIAMS D. S.KRONFELD K. M.GRIEWE‐CRANDELL J. E.WALDRON P. M.GRAHAM‐THIERS L. S.GAY R. K.SPLAN K. E.SAKER P. A.HARRIS | 2010 | Equine Veterinary Journal . 2010 (S34)2010，，34： | 1 |
| 12 | Hybridization and polyploidy as drivers of continuing evolution and speciation in Sorbus显示文摘 | ASHLEYROBERTSON TIMOTHY C. G.RICH ALEXANDRA M.ALLEN LIBBYHOUSTON CATROBERTS JON R.BRIDLE STEPHEN A.HARRIS SIMON J.HISCOCK | 2010 | Molecular Ecology2010，，8： | 1 |
| 13 | Identification,characteristics and classification of cryogenic block streams显示文摘Cryogenic block streams consist of a stream of rocks superficially resembling a stream deposit but lacking a matrix, usually occurring on a valley or gully floor or on slopes that are less steep than the maximum angle of repose of coarse sediments. They are usually formed on perennially frozen ground, but can also occur as relict landforms. There are three main active kinds forming today, viz., Siberian and Tibetan dynamic rock streams and lag block streams. During their formation, the blocks in the active Siberian and Tibetan dynamic block streams move downslope at up to 1 m/a. They are forming today on the Tibetan Plateau and in the more arid parts of south-central Siberia, although the processes involved in the movement are different. In the case of the Tibetan type, individual blocks slide downslope over the substrate in winter on an icy coating in areas of minimal winter precipitation. The Siberian type develops in areas of 15–80 cm of winter snow cover and an MAAT(mean annual air temperature) of-4 °C to-17 °C. The movement is due to creep of snow and ice and collapse of the blocks downslope during thawing. Lag block streams are formed by meltwater flowing over the surface of sediment consisting primarily of larger blocks with a limited amount of interstitial sediment. The erosion of the matrix is primarily in the spring in areas of higher winter precipitation on 10°–30° slopes. The blocks remain stationary, but the interstitial sediment is washed out by strong seasonal flows of meltwater or rain to form an alluvial fan. The boulders undergo weathering and become more rounded in the process. Lag block streams can also develop without the presence of permafrost in areas with cold climates or glaciers. Block streams also occur as relict deposits in older deposits under various climatic regimes that are unsuitable for their formation today. An example of relict lag block streams with subangular to subrounded blocks occurs in gullies on the forested mountainsides at Felsen in Germany, and is the original 'felsenmeer'. Similar examples occur near Vitosha Mountain in Bulgaria. The 'stone runs' in the Falkland Islands are examples of the more angular relict lag block streams. In both Tasmania and the Falkland Islands, they mask a more complex history, the underlying soils indicating periods of tropical and temperate soil formation resulting from weathering during and since the Tertiary Period. Block streams have also been reported from beneath cold-based glaciers in Sweden, and below till in Canada, and when exhumed, can continue to develop. | Stuart A.Harris | 2016 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2016，8，3： | 0 |
| 14 | EFFECT OF RALOXIFENE ON RETROB- ULBAR HEMODYNAMICS IN POST- MENOPAUSAL WOMEN显示文摘Purpose: Raloxifene is known to reduce flow resistance in selected vasculature. This study examined the effect of raloxifene, a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) on retrobulbar blood flow. Methods: Right eyes of fifteen postmenopausal women receiving raloxifene were compared with right eyes of fifteen postmenopausal age-matched women not receiving raloxifene. Using color Doppler imaging the peak systolic velocity (PSV), | R.Rachmiel M.Zalish B.Kaplan L.Mc Cranor L.Kageman A.Pollack A.Harris | 2003 | 国际眼科杂志2003，3，1： | 0 |
| 15 | GLAUCOMA IN FIRST DEGREE RELA-TIVES显示文摘Purpose: Open angle glaucoma (OAG) is known to demonstrate an hereditary pattern. The pattern, severity and progression of OAG in first degree relatives were evaluated and compared. Methods: Six pairs of first degree relatives (five parent/child, one pair identical twins) with OAG were reviewed. The pattern of glaucoma within each pair of family members was compared, | M.Zalish R.Parness A.Pollack H.Katz A.Harris R.Rachmiel | 2003 | 国际眼科杂志2003，3，1： | 0 |
| 16 | Cryogenic wedges on the NE Qinghai-Tibet and Ordos Plateaus:Their characteristics,origin and OSL dating显示文摘Cryogenic wedges developed due to very cold,rather arid conditions during the maximum of the last cold event when the drying up of the neighboring China Sea resulted in the failure of the East Asian Monsoon.As the climate ameliorated and the Monsoon rains reappeared,ice-wedges developed.Further warming permitted thawing of the ice infillings accompanied by replacement of the ice by sediments partly from the host ground as well as from the surface by wind or sheet wash.In cases of extreme surface water flow on slopes after 10 ka B.P.,small baydjarakhs typically c.50 cm high developed,only to have the resulting hollows infilled by sediments carried by wind and/or sheet wash.These shallow structures form a network on top of many of the cryogenic wedges.This complex history makes dating the ages of the wedges difficult using OSL methodology.Unfortunately,past field work ignored the problem of the angle of the cut face to the direction of the wedge infilling when sampling the contents of the narrow wedges,resulting in potential contamination of the samples with the host sediment.Sampling of the larger deposits should be alright,but the likelihood of contamination makes the interpretation of the resulting OSL dates from the narrow wedges questionable.Primary wedges consisting of primary mineral infillings should still have similar OSL dates with depth for a given wedge,but the distinction between ice-wedge infillings and soil wedges is difficult since both can exhibit older dates of the infillings with depth.The available data suggests that ice-wedges were significantly more common than sediment-filled primary wedges.A protocol to avoid having to obtain large numbers of OSL dates by more careful field sampling and the use of grain size determinations is provided in the Appendix. | Stuart A.Harris | 2021 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2021，13，6： | 0 |
| 17 | GLAUCOMA PROGRESSION: BEYOND IOP显示文摘Epidemiological studies suggest that glaucoma exists in the presence of both elevated and normal intraocular pressures (IOP). Further, reduction of IOP does not necessarily prevent progression of glaucomatous damage. The normal tension glaucoma study found that visual field progression occurred at indistinguishable rates in a group of normal tension | A.Harris | 2003 | 国际眼科杂志2003，3，1： | 0 |
| 18 | 地震应力触发、应力影和地震危害显示文摘地震力学中许多方面在21世纪初仍然是一个新的领域。一个可能的亮点就是通过对简单的应力变化计算的认识去解释一些地震的相互作用,就像以前和现在进行的应力变化研究,已经开始能解释人为地震活动。本文是一篇新作回顾了许多已发表的工作,并从应力变化的角度介绍了大量关于地震相互作用这方面的研究1。本综述为地震力学的某些方面提供了一些线索。这也表明,在我们掌握地震如何孕育的完整过程之前,还有很多工作要做。 | Ruth A.Harris 王璞(翻译) 黄禄渊(校对) | 2018 | 地壳构造与地壳应力2018，0，2： | 0 |
| 19 | Probable effects of heat advection on the adjacent environment during oil production at Prudhoe Bay, Alaska显示文摘The latest available data for mean annual air temperature at sites away from the Arctic coast in both Alaska and the Yukon Territory show no significant warming in the last 30~50 years.However,around the Arctic coast of northwest North America centered on Prudhoe Bay,the weather stations show significant warming of both the air and the ocean water,resulting in substantial losses in sea ice west of Prudhoe Bay.These changes appeared shortly after the commencement of shipment of oil through the Trans-Alaska Pipeline in 1977,but have now reached a quasi-stable thermal state.Since more than 17 trillion barrels of oil have passed through the pipeline after being cooled by the adjacent air,which in turn,can then result in the melting of the adjacent sea ice,there appears to be a very strong relationship between these events,and a marked lack of correlation with the changes of the content of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.This contrasts with the IPCC interpretation of the available climatic data,which assumes that the maximum climatic warming at Prudhoe Bay is typical of the entire region and is the result of increasing greenhouse gases.Engineers need to consider heat advection by oil or gas from underground when designing pipeline facilities,and to take account of the potential environmental consequences that they may cause. | Stuart A.Harris | 2016 | Research in Cold and Arid Regions2016，8，6： | 0 |
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