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| 1 | Seasonal changes of soil erosion and its spatial distribution on a long gentle hillslope in the Chinese Mollisol region显示文摘Understanding seasonal soil erosion and deposition rates and their spatial distribution along sloping farmlands are necessary for erosion prediction technology and implementing effective soil conservation practices.To date seasonal change of soil erosion and soil redistribution on long gentle hillsiopes are not fully quantified due to the variable erosive forces in different seasons.A multi-tracer method using rare earth elements(REE)was employed to discriminate seasonal changes of soil erosion and its spatial distribution on a sloping farmland driven by snowmelt runoff,wind force and rainfall-runoff.A long-slope runoff plot with 5 m wide and 320 m long located in the typical Mollisol region of China was divided into eight segments,each of which was 40 m long and tagged with one of eight REE oxides.The spot method of a partial-area tagging scheme was employed and a grid-based layout was used for REE application.Results showed that annual soil erosion rate was 3251.01 km^(-2)for the whole runoff plot,in which snowmelt runoff erosion contributed 537.3 t km^(-2),wind erosion 363.11 km-2 and rainfall-runoff erosion 2350.6 t km^(-2).Surface runoff is the main external erosive force of hillslope soil erosion,accounting for 88.8%of the total annual soil loss.Furthermore,for the eight slope segments of the 320-m long hillslope,the sediment transport ratios of each slope segment caused by snowmelt runoff and rainfall-runoff erosion were more than 23.5%and 34.7%,respectively.The results will enrich the understanding of seasonal soil erosion on long hillsiopes. | Lei Wang Fenli Zheng Gang Liu Xunchang J.Zhang Glenn V.Wilson Hongqiang Shi Xujun Liu | 2021 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2021，9，3： | 6 |
| 2 | Assessing soil thickness in a black soil watershed in northeast China using random forest and field observations显示文摘Soil thickness determines the soil productivity in the black soil region of northeast China,which is important for national food security.Existing information on the spatial variation of black soil thickness is inadequate.In this paper,we propose a model framework for spatial estimation of the black soil thickness at the watershed scale by integrating field observations,unmanned aerial vehicle variations of topography,and satellite variations of vegetation with the aid of random forest.We sampled 141 sample profiles over a watershed and identified the black soil thickness based on indices of the mollic epipedon.Topographic variables were derived from a digital elevation model and vegetation variables were derived from Landsat 8 imagery.Random forest was used to determine the relationship between black soil thickness and environmental variables.The resulting model explained 61%of the black soil thickness spatial variation,which was more than twice that of traditional interpolation methods(ordinary kriging,universal kriging and inverse distance weighting).Topographic variables contributed the most toward explaining the thickness,followed by vegetation indices.The black soil thickness over the watershed had a clear catenary soil pattern,with thickest black soil in the low depositional areas and thinnest at the higher elevations that drain into the low areas.The proposed model framework will improve estimates of soil thickness in the region of our study. | Shuai Zhang Gang Liu Shuli Chen Craig Rasmussen Baoyuan Liu | 2021 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2021，9，1： | 5 |
| 3 | The soil configuration on granite residuals affects Benggang erosion by altering the soil water regime on the slope显示文摘A permanent collapsing gully,locally called Benggang,formed on slopes with deep granite red soil and is a type of unique gully erosion widely prevalent in southern China.Three different soil configurations(SC),ie,red-transition-sandy(SC I,the transition is the soil layer between the red soil and the sandy soil layer),transition-sandy(SC II)or sandy(SC III)are usually present in the soil profile of the Benggang slope.However,little attention has been paid to impacts of SCs on the triggering of Benggang erosion.In this study,we aimed to explore the relationships between soil water content(SWC)and triggering of Benggang erosion under different SC conditions.The soil properties of different soil layers were measured and the SWC at depths of 20,40,60,and 80 cm were monitored at 5-min intervals along a typical Benggang(SC I)during 2016-2018.The SWC of Benggang slopes with different SCs were simulated by VADOSE/W model.Results showed that the red soil layer had a higher water retention capacity and shear strength than the sandy soil layer.Even if the SWC is higher(e.g.,0.42 cm^(3)/cm^(3))at red soil layer or transition layer,the corresponding shear strength is greater than that of sandy soil layer with a lower SWC(e.g.,032 cm^(3)/cm^(3)).Relationships between shear strength and SWC of different soil layers indicate that Benggang erosion is triggered by an increase in the SWC in the deep sandy layer.Results also showed that differences exist in the SWC distribution among the different SCs.The SWC is higher in topsoil than in deeper soil in SC I and SC II,while in SC III,the opposite trend is observed.These results revealed that the presence of the red soil or transition layer can reduce the infiltration of rainwater into the deep sandy layer,thus can reduce the possibility of collapse.Our results show that the SC affects the stability of the headwall,and results provide great significances to guide the mitigation of Benggang erosion. | Xiaoqian Duan Yusong Deng Yu Tao Yangbo He Lirong Lin Jiazhou Chen | 2021 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2021，9，3： | 4 |
| 4 | Soil erosion assessment by RUSLE with improved P factor and its validation:Case study on mountainous and hilly areas of Hubei Province,China显示文摘The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE)is widely used to estimate regional soil erosion.However,quantitative impacts of soil and water conservation(SWC)measures on conservation practice factor(P)of the RUSLE remain largely unclear,especially for the mountainous and hilly areas.In this study,we improved the RUSLE by considering quantitative impacts of different SWC measures on the P factor value.The improved RUSLE was validated against the long-term(2000-2015)soil erosion monitoring data obtained from 96 runoff plots(15—35°)in mountainous and hilly areas of Hubei Province,China;the result presented a high accuracy with the determination coefficient of 0.89.Based on the erosion monitoring data of 2018 and 2019,the Root Mean Square Error of the result by the improved RUSLE was 28.0%smaller than that by the original RUSLE with decrement of 19.6%—24.0%in the average P factor values,indicating that the soil erosion modelling accuracy was significantly enhanced by the improved RUSLE.Relatively low P factor values appeared for farmlands with tillage measures(P<0.53),grasslands with engineering measures(P<0.23),woodlands with biological measures(P<0.28),and other land use types with biological measures(P<0.51).The soil erosion modulus showed a downward trend with the corresponding values of 1681.21,1673.14,1594.70,1482.40 and 1437.50 t km^(-2)a-1 in 2000,2005,2010,2015 and 2019,respectively.The applicability of the improved RUSLE was verified by the measurements in typical mountainous and hilly areas of Hubei Province,China,and arrangements of SWC measures of this area were proposed. | Pei Tian Zhanliang Zhu Qimeng Yue Yi He Zhaoyi Zhang Fanghua Hao Wenzhao Guo Lin Chen Muxing Liu | 2021 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2021，9，3： | 4 |
| 5 | Acid leaching of heavy metals from contaminated soil collected from Jeddah,Saudi Arabia:kinetic and thermodynamics studies显示文摘Urban soils polluted with heavy metals are of increasing concern because it is greatly affecting human health and the ecological systems.Hence,it is mandatory to understand the reasons behind this pollution and remediate the contaminated solid.The removal of heavy metals from contaminated soil samples collected from the vicinity of the sewage lake in Jeddah,Saudi Arabia,was explored.The leaching process was studied kinetically and thermodynamically for better understanding of the remediation process.The results showed that the soil samples were slightly basic in nature,and tend to be more neutral away from the main contaminated sewage lake area.The total metal content in the soil samples was measured using the aqua regia extractions by ICPOES and the results showed that many of the heavy metals present have significant concentrations above the tolerable limits.In general,the metal concentrations at different sites indicated that the heavy metal pollution is mainly due to the sewage discharge to the lake.The results showed excellent correlation between the concentrations of Co,As,and Hg with the distance from the main contaminated area.The leaching of Co,As,and Hg using 1.0 M hydrochloric acid from the soil was studied kinetically at different temperatures and the experimental results were fitted using different kinetics models.The experimental data were best described with two-constant rate and Elovich equation kinetic models.Also,the thermodynamic study showed that the leaching process was spontaneous,endothermic and accompanied with increase in the entropy.In general,the polluted soil could be remediated successfully from the heavy metals using the acid leaching procedure in a short period of time. | Shorouq I.Alghanmi Amani F.Al Sulami Tahani A.El-Zayat Basma G.Alhogbi Mohamed Abdel Salam | 2015 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2015，3，3： | 4 |
| 6 | Adsorption of cesium from aqueous solution using agricultural residue – Walnut shell: Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic modeling studies显示文摘 | Dahu Ding Yingxin Zhao Shengjiong Yang Wansheng Shi Zhenya Zhang Zhongfang Lei Yingnan Yang | 2013 | Water Research2013，，： | 4 |
| 7 | Duration and intensity of rainfall events with the same erosivity change sediment yield and runoff rates显示文摘The effect of different rainfall patterns on surface runoff,infiltration and thus soil losses and sediment concentrations are still in the focus of current research.In most simulated rainfall experiments,pre-cipitation is applied at a fixed intensity for a fixed time.However,the impact of rainfall patterns on soil erosion processes may be different varying the rainfall duration and intensity that produces an event with similar rainfall erosivity values.Twenty-five rainfall events were applied on micro-scale runoff plots in a soil covered with corn straw to evaluate the sediment yield and runoff rates.The different rainfall types were composed by association of duration(Dur)and intensity(IP)with the same erosivity value.The Dur varied from 38 to 106 min and the IP varied from 75.0 to 44.6 mm h^(-1).The sediment yield varied from 1.89±1.26 g m^(-2) to 4.02±2.66 g m^(-2) and runoff ranged from 16.9±8.74 mm to 32.63±10.67 mm with highest rates occurring with high intensity and low duration.The highest rainfall intensity provides the maximum sediment yield(0.138 g m^(-2) min^(-1))and runoff rates(0.87 mm min^(-1)).The time to start surface runoff varied from 14 to 19.2 min and it was longer in treatments with longer durations and low precipitation intensity.No difference was found in the amount of sediments applying rain with the same erosivity and different associations of duration and intensity.However,the intensity and duration of the rain,with the same erosivity,altered the amount and time of runoff.In rainfall experiments with con-stant intensity and fixed time,the erosion rates depend on the duration of the applied rain.Therefore,the results of this study can contribute to the development of new perspectives in the design of water erosion experiments with simulated rain considering the duration,intensity and also the association of these variables to produce rainfall that delivery the same soil erosion capacity. | Wilk Sampaio de Almeida Steffen Seitz Luiz Fernando Coutinho de Oliveira Daniel Fonseca de Carvalho | 2021 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2021，9，1： | 4 |
| 8 | Analysis and predictive models of stormwater runoff volumes, loads, and pollutant concentrations from watersheds in the Twin Cities metropolitan area, Minnesota, USA显示文摘 | Patrick L Brezonik Teresa H Stadelmann | 2002 | Water Research2002，，7： | 3 |
| 9 | Soil loss estimation using GIS and Remote sensing techniques:A case of Koga watershed,Northwestern Ethiopia显示文摘Soil loss by runoff is a severe and continuous ecological problem in Koga watershed.Deforestation,improper cultivation and uncontrolled grazing have resulted in accelerated soil erosion.Information on soil loss is essential to support agricultural productivity and natural resource management.Thus,this study was aimed to estimate and map the mean annual soil loss by using GIS and Remote sensing techniques.The soil loss was estimated by using Revised Universal Soil Equation(RUSLE)model.Topographic map of 1:50,000 scale,Aster Digital Elevation Model(DEM)of 20 m spatial resolution,digital soil map of 1:250,000 scale,thirteen years rainfall records of four stations,and land sat imagery(TM)with spatial resolution of 30 m was used to derive RUSLE's soil loss variables.The RUSLE parameters were analyzed and integrated using raster calculator in the geo-processing tools in ArcGIS 10.1 environment to estimate and map the annual soil loss of the study area.The result revealed that the annual soil loss of the watershed extends from none in the lower and middle part of the watershed to 265 t ha^(-1) year^(-1) in the steeper slope part of the watershed with a mean annual soil loss of 47 t ha^(-1) year^(-1).The total annual soil loss in the watershed was 255283 t,of these,181801(71%)tones cover about 6691(24%)hectare of land.Most of these soil erosion affected areas are spatially situated in the upper steepest slope part(inlet)of the watershed.These are areas where Nitosols and Alisols with higher soil erodibility character(0.25)values are dominant.Hence,Slope gradient and length followed by soil erodibility factors were found to be the main factors of soil erosion.Thus,sustainable soil and water conservation practices should be adopted in steepest upper part of the study area by respecting and recognizing watershed logic,people and watershed potentials. | Habtamu Sewnet Gelagay Amare Sewnet Minale | 2016 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2016，4，2： | 3 |
| 10 | Occurrence of sulfonamide and tetracycline-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in aquaculture environment显示文摘 | Panpan Gao Daqing Mao Yi Luo Limei Wang Bingjie Xu Lin Xu | 2012 | Water Research2012，，7： | 3 |
| 11 | Effects of chromium on activated sludge and on the performance of wastewater treatment plants: A review显示文摘 | Eleni Vaiopoulou Petros Gikas | 2011 | Water Research2011，，3： | 3 |
| 12 | Root tensile strength of terrace hedgerow plants in the karst trough valleys of SW China:Relation with root morphology and fiber content显示文摘Root tensile strength is commonly affected by root morphology and fiber content,which combinedly affect the effectiveness of terrace hedgerow on controlling soil erosion in sloping farmland.However,the relationships between these root characteristics are still elusive.This study aimed to compare the root tensile strength,root morphologies,and root fiber contents,and quantify their differences among different plant species.Complete root systems of three terrace hedgerow plant species,i.e.,O.bodinieri,V.villosa,and D.lablab L.were sampled for detecting root morphologies and fiber contents at different slope positions on a representative hillslope in karst trough valley.Single root specimens were collected to measure root tensile properties for these three plant species.Results showed that most root morphological parameters were the highest in O.bodinieri,followed by D.lablab L.Three plant species presented the same dominant diameter class as<1.0 mm,and root volumes as<1.50 cm3.Cellulose with contents closing to 50%was the main fiber type,and increased significantly linearly with the increasing root diameter in both O.bodinieri and V.villosa.The highest tensile strength and Young's modulus were found in D.lablab L.,while the best ultimate tensile force and ultimate elongation were displayed in O.bodinieri.Root diameter showed negative power relationships with tensile strength and Young's modulus,a positive power relationship with ultimate tensile force,and a positive linear relationship with ultimate elongation.Our results will deepen the understanding of the terrace hedgerow functions for controlling soil erosion worldwide. | Yun Chen Han Tang Binghui He Zhehao Yan Xiaohong Liu Jiaojiao Qiang | 2022 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2022，10，4： | 3 |
| 13 | Full-scale partial nitritation/anammox experiences – An application survey显示文摘 | Susanne Lackner Eva M. Gilbert Siegfried E. Vlaeminck Adriano Joss Harald Horn Mark C.M. van Loosdrecht | 2014 | Water Research2014，，： | 3 |
| 14 | Phosphorus and nitrogen removal with minimal COD requirement by integration of denitrifying dephosphatation and nitrification in a two-sludge system显示文摘 | T. Kuba M.C.M. van Loosdrecht J.J. Heijnen | 1996 | Water Research1996，，7： | 3 |
| 15 | Potentially mobile phosphorus in Lake Erken sediment显示文摘 | Emil Rydin | 2000 | Water Research2000，，7： | 3 |
| 16 | Fluorescence as a potential monitoring tool for recycled water systems: A review显示文摘 | R.K. Henderson A. Baker K.R. Murphy A. Hambly R.M. Stuetz S.J. Khan | 2008 | Water Research2008，，4： | 3 |
| 17 | Emerging pollutants in the environment:A challenge for water resource management显示文摘A significant number of emerging pollutants(EPs)resulting from point and diffuse pollution is present in the aquatic environment.These are chemicals that are not commonly monitored but have the potential to enter the environment and cause adverse ecological and human health effects.According to the NORMAN network,at least 700 substances categorized into 20 classes,have been identified in the European aquatic environment.In light of their potential impact action is urgently required.In this study,we present a concept that shows the current state of art and challenges for monitoring programs,fate and risk assessment tools and requirements for policies with respect to emerging pollutants as a base for sustainable water resource management.Currently,methods for sampling and analysis are not harmonized,being typically focused on certain EP classes.For a number of known highly hazardous EPs detection limits are too high to allow proper risk assessment.For other EPs such as microplastics method development is in its infancy.Advanced ultra-sensitive instrumental techniques should be used for quantitative determination of prioritized EPs in water,suspended matter,soil and biota.Data on EPs'and their metabolites'properties that determine their fate in the environment are often not available.National surveys on water quality often use different parameters for water quality assessment and often do not include EPs.A harmonized monitoring of surface and groundwater is not yet achieved and urgently required.Specific component integrated into models assessing the fate of EPs in a multi compartment environmental approach are missing and must be developed.The main goal of risk assessment is the overall protection of ecological communities in the aquatic environment and human health.New methods for assessing the cumulative risks from combined exposures to several stressors,including mixtures of EPs in a multi-scale approach are required.A combination of regulations and management measures with respect to use/emissions of EPs into the environment,as well as to their occurrence in the environment are fundamental to reach an efficient water resource management. | Violette Geissen Hans Mol Erwin Klumpp Günter Umlauf Marti Nadal Martine van der Ploeg Sjoerd E.A.T.M.van de Zee Coen J.Ritsema | 2015 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2015，3，1： | 3 |
| 18 | Effects of rainfall patterns on runoff and soil erosion in field plots显示文摘Soil erosion processes during a storm are strongly affected by intra-storm variations in rainfall characteristics.Four storm patterns,each with a different rainfall intensity variation were separated.The storm patterns were:(1)increasing rainfall intensity(2)increasing then decreasing intensity(3)decreasing intensity(4)decreasing then increasing intensity.After each erosive rainfall(12 events),Runoff and suspended sediment samples were collected in each plot's tank which is located on hillslopes of the basin of Khamsan.Main storm characteristics and soil losses were plotted and equation of the line of best fit were selected.Analysis of variance(ANOVA)was used to determine response of runoff and soil erosion to storm patterns.Results showed that in lower rainfall intensities a linear function fits the relationship between soil loss and rainfall intensity whereas this function tends to be non-linear at higher intensities.Also a strong non-linear relationship was found between different quartiles of storm and soil loss.Statistical analysis revealed significant differences in total runoff,soil loss and sediment concentration across four storm patterns(P<0.001)but no differences in the runoff coefficient.In particular,storms with increasing rainfall intensity yielded highest quantities of eroded sediments,total runoff and highest sediment concentrations followed by increasing then decreasing,decreasing then increasing and decreasing intensity,respectively. | Mohamad Ayob Mohamadi Ataollah Kavian | 2015 | International Soil and Water Conservation Research2015，3，4： | 3 |
| 19 | Comparative eco-toxicity of nanoscale TiO 2 , SiO 2 , and ZnO water suspensions显示文摘 | Laura K. Adams Delina Y. Lyon Pedro J.J. Alvarez | 2006 | Water Research2006，，19： | 3 |
| 20 | Extraction of extracellular polymers from activated sludge using a cation exchange resin显示文摘 | Bo Fr?lund Rikke Palmgren Kristian Keiding Per Halkj?r Nielsen | 1996 | Water Research1996，，8： | 3 |
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