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| 1 | MicroRNAs in the prognosis and therapy of colorectal cancer: From bench to bedside显示文摘MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are small, single-stranded, noncoding RNAs that can post-transcriptionally regulate the expression of various oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Dysregulated expression of many miRNAs have been shown to mediate the signaling pathways critical in the multistep carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer(CRC). MiR NAs are stable and protected from RNase-mediated degradation, thereby enabling its detection in biological fluids and archival tissues for biomarker studies. This review focuses on the role and application of miRNAs in the prognosis and therapy of CRC. While stage Ⅱ CRC is potentially curable by surgical resection, a significant percentage of stage Ⅱ CRC patients do develop recurrence. MiRNA biomarkers may be used to stratify such high-risk population for adjuvant chemotherapy to provide better prognoses. Growing evidence also suggests that miRNAs are involved in the metastatic process of CRC. Certain of these miRNAs may thus be used as prognostic biomarkers to identify patients more likely to have micro-metastasis, who could be monitored more closely after surgery and/or given more aggressive adjuvant chemotherapy. Intrinsic and acquired resistance to chemotherapy severely hinders successful chemotherapy in CRC treatment. Predictive miRNA biomarkers for response to chemotherapy may identify patients who will benefit the most from a particular regimen and also spare the patients from unnecessary side effects. Selection of patients to receive the new targeted therapy is becoming possible with the use of predictive miRNA biomarkers. Lastly, forced expression of tumor suppressor miRNA or silencing of oncogenic miRNA in tumors by gene therapy can also be adopted to treat CRC alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. | Kenneth KW To Christy WS Tong Mingxia Wu William CS Cho | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，27： | 29 |
| 2 | Multidrug-resistant bacterial infections after liver transplantation: An ever-growing challenge显示文摘Bacterial infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among solid organ transplant recipients.Over the last two decades,various multidrug-resistant(MDR)pathogens have emerged as relevant causes of infection in this population.Although this fact reflects the spread of MDR pathogens in health care facilities worldwide,several factors relating to the care of transplant donor candidates and recipients render these patients particularly prone to the acquisition of MDR bacteria and increase the likelihood of MDR infectious outbreaks in transplant units.The awareness of this high vulnerability of transplant recipients to infection leads to the more frequent use of broad-spectrum empiric antibiotic therapy,which further contributes to the selection of drug resistance.This vicious cycle is difficult to avoid and leads to a scenario of increased complexity and narrowed therapeutic options.Infection by MDR pathogens is more frequently associated with a failure to start appropriate empiric antimicrobial ther-apy.The lack of appropriate treatment may contribute to the high mortality occurring in transplant recipients with MDR infections.Furthermore,high therapeutic failure rates have been observed in patients infected with extensively-resistant pathogens,such as carbapenemresistant Enterobacteriaceae,for which optimal treatment remains undefined.In such a context,the careful implementation of preventive strategies is of utmost importance to minimize the negative impact that MDR infections may have on the outcome of liver transplant recipients.This article reviews the current literature regarding the incidence and outcome of MDR infections in liver transplant recipients,and summarizes current preventive and therapeutic recommendations. | Guilherme Santoro-Lopes Erika Ferraz de Gouvêa | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，20： | 24 |
| 3 | Management of bacterial and fungal infections in end stage liver disease and liver transplantation: Current options and future directions显示文摘Patients with liver cirrhosis are susceptible to infections due to various mechanisms, including abnormalities of humoral and cell-mediated immunity and occurrence of bacterial translocation from the intestine. Bacterial infections are common and represent a reason for progression to liver failure and increased mortality. Fungal infections, mainly caused by Candida spp., are often associated to delayed diagnosis and high mortality rates. High level of suspicion along with prompt diagnosis and treatment of infections are warranted. Bacterial and fungal infections negatively affect the outcomes of liver transplant candidates and recipients, causing disease progression among patients on the waiting list and increasing mortality, especially in the early posttransplant period. Abdominal, biliary tract, and bloodstream infections caused by Gram-negative bacteria [e.g., Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P. aeruginosa)] and Staphylococcus spp. are commonly encountered in liver transplant recipients. Due to frequent exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics, invasive procedures, and prolonged hospitalizations, these patients are especially at risk of developing infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria. The increase in antimicrobial resistance hampers the choice of an adequate empiric therapy and warrants the knowledge of the local microbial epidemiology and the implementation of infection control measures. The main characteristics and the management of bacterial and fungal infections in patients with liver cirrhosis and liver transplant recipients are presented. | Elda Righi | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，38： | 22 |
| 4 | Antimicrobial peptides: new hope in the war against multidrug resistance显示文摘The discovery of antibiotics marked a golden age in the revolution of human medicine. However,decades later, bacterial infections remain a global healthcare threat, and a return to the pre-antibiotic era seems inevitable if stringent measures are not adopted to curb the rapid emergence and spread of multidrug resistance and the indiscriminate use of antibiotics. In hospital settings, multidrug resistant(MDR) pathogens, including carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, vancomycin-resistant enterococci(VRE), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA), and extendedspectrum β-lactamases(ESBL) bearing Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae are amongst the most problematic due to the paucity of treatment options,increased hospital stay, and exorbitant medical costs. Antimicrobial peptides(AMPs) provide an excellent potential strategy for combating these threats. Compared to empirical antibiotics, they show low tendency to select for resistance, rapid killing action, broad-spectrum activity, and extraordinary clinical efficacy against several MDR strains. Therefore, this review highlights multidrug resistance among nosocomial bacterial pathogens and its implications and reiterates the importance of AMPs as next-generation antibiotics for combating MDR superbugs. | James Mwangi Xue Hao Ren Lai Zhi-Ye Zhang | 2019 | Zoological Research2019，40，6： | 23 |
| 5 | Inhibitory effects of emodin, baicalin, schizandrin and berberine on hef A gene: Treatment of Helicobacter pylori-induced multidrug resistance显示文摘AIM: To investigate the inhibitory effects of emodin, baicalin, etc.on the hefA gene of multidrug resistance(MDR) in Helicobacter pylori(H.pylori).METHODS: The double dilution method was used to screen MDR H.pylori strains and determine the minimum inhibitory concentrations(MICs) of emodin, baicalin, schizandrin, berberine, clarithromycin, metronidazole, tetracycline, amoxicillin and levofloxacin against H.pylori strains.After the screened MDR stains were treated with emodin, baicalin, schizandrin or berberine at a 1/2 MIC concentration for 48 h, changes in MICs of amoxicillin, tetracycline, levofloxacin, metronidazole and clarithromycin were determined.MDR strains with reduced MICs of amoxicillin were selected to detect the hefA mR NA expression by realtime quantitative PCR.RESULTS: A total of four MDR H.pylori strains were screened.Treatment with emodin, baicalin, schizandrin and berberine significantly decreased the MICs of amoxicillin and tetracycline against some strains, decreased by 1 to 2 times, but did not significantly change the MICs of clarithromycin, levofloxacin, and metronidazole against MDR strains.In the majority of strains with reduced MICs of amoxicillin, hef A m RNA expression was decreased; one-way ANOVA(SPSS 12.0) used for comparative analysis, P < 0.05.CONCLUSION: Emodin, baicalin, schizandrin and berberine significantly decreased the MICs of amoxicillin and tetracycline against some H.pylori strains, possibly by mechanisms associated with decreasing hefA mR NA expression. | Yan-Qiang Huang Gan-Rong Huang Ming-Hui Wu Hua-Ying Tang Zan-Song Huang Xi-Han Zhou Wen-Qiang Yu Jian-Wei Su Xiao-Qiang Mo Bing-Pu Chen Li-Juan Zhao Xiao-Feng Huang Hong-Yu Wei Lian-Deng Wei | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，14： | 20 |
| 6 | Congenital expression of mdr-1 gene in tissues of carcinoma and its relation with patho morphology and prognosis显示文摘NTRODUCTIONMultidrugresistance(MDR)ofmalignanttumorcelhasarousedwidespreadinterest.IthasbeenshownthatMDRispresentinmanymalign... | ZHANG Li Jian 1, CHEN Ke Neng 1, XU Guang Wei 1, XING Hai Ping 2 and SHI Xiao Tian 2 | 1999 | World Journal of Gastroenterology1999，5，1： | 15 |
| 7 | JNK1,JNK2,and JNK3 are involved in P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma cells显示文摘BACKGROUND:Multidrug resistance(MDR)is extremely common in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)and is a major problem in cancer eradication by limiting the efficacy of chemotherapy.Modulation of c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase(JNK)activation could be a new method to reverse MDR.However,the relationship between JNK activity and MDR in HCC cells is unknown.This study aimed to explore the relationship between MDR and JNK in HCC cell lines with different degrees of MDR.METHODS:A MDR human HCC cell line,SMMC-7721/ ADM,was developed by exposing parental cells to gradually increasing concentrations of adriamycin.The MTT assay was used to determine drug sensitivity.Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle distribution and to measure the expression levels of P-glycoprotein(P-gp)and MDR-related protein(MRP)-1 in these cells.JNK1,JNK2 and JNK3 mRNA expression levels were quantified by real-time PCR.Expression and phosphorylation of JNK1,JNK2,and JNK3 were analyzed by Western blotting.RESULTS:The MDR of SMMC-7721/ADM cells resistant to 0.05 mg/L adriamycin was mainly attributed to the overexpression of P-gp but not MRP1.In addition,these cells had a significant increase in percentage in the S phase,accompanied by a decrease in percentage in the G0/G1 phase,which is likely associated with a reduced ability for cell proliferation and MDR generation.We found that JNK1,JNK2,and JNK3 activities were negatively correlated with the degree of MDR in HCC cells.CONCLUSION:This study suggests that JNK1,JNK2,and JNK3 activities are negatively correlated with the degree of MDR in HCC cells. | Yan, Feng Wang, Xiao-Min Liu, Zhong-Chen Pan, Chao Yuan, Si-Bo Ma, Quan-Ming | 2010 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2010，9，3： | 14 |
| 8 | Biofilm formation in clinical isolates of nosocomial Acinetobacter baumannii and its relationship with multidrug resistance显示文摘Objective: To check biofilm formation by Acinetobacter baumannii(A. baumannii)clinical isolates and show their susceptibility to different antibiotics and investigate a possible link between establishment of biofilm and multidrug resistance.Methods: This study was performed on clinical samples collected from patients with nosocomial infections in three hospitals of Tehran. Samples were initially screened by culture and biochemical tests for the presence of different species of Acinetobacter. Identifications were further confirmed by PCR assays. Their susceptibilities to 11 antibiotics of different classes were determined by disc diffusion method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines. The ability to produce biofilm was investigated using methods: culture on Congo red agar, microtiter plate, and test tube method.Results: From the overall clinical samples, 156 specimens were confirmed to contain A. baumannii. The bacteria were highly resistant to most antibiotics except polymyxin B.Of these isolates, 10.26% were able to produce biofilms as shown on Congo red agar.However, the percentage of bacteria with positive biofilm in test tube, standard microtiter plate, and modified microtiter plate assays were 48.72%, 66.66%, and 73.72%, respectively. At least 92% of the biofilm forming isolates were multidrug resistant.Conclusions: Since most of the multidrug resistant strains produce biofilm, it seems necessary to provide continuous monitoring and determination of antibiotic susceptibility of clinical A. baumannii. This would help to select the most appropriate antibiotic for treatment. | Ebrahim Babapour Azam Haddadi Reza Mirnejad Seyed-Abdolhamid Angaji Nour Amirmozafari | 2016 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2016，6，6： | 13 |
| 9 | Overexpression of P-glycoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma and its clinical implication显示文摘INTRODUCTIONMost advanced hepatocellular garcinoma (HCC) isinsensitive to most anticancer drugs which might berelated to the high frequency of expression of themultidrug resistance-1(MDR1) gene and itsproduct,P-glycoprotein (p-gp).p-gp expressionmay also be concerned with tumor progression anddifferentiation.In the present study。 | Kong XB Yang ZK Liang LJ Huang JF Lin HL | 2000 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2000，6，1： | 13 |
| 10 | Effects of Taxotere on invasive potential and multidrug resistance phenotype in pancreatic carcinoma cell line SUIT-2显示文摘INTRODUCTIONDevelopment of drug-resistance to chemotherapyand subsequent metastasis of tumor are primarilyresponsible for treatment failure and the death fromcancer. There have been many previous studies onthe relationship between expression of multidrugresistance (MDR) phenotype P-glycoprotein (P-gp)and the malignant properties of tumors, but theresults are often conflicting[1-8]. The difference intumor types or MDR phenotype induced by specificagents might account for this discrepancy. Taxotere(TXT), a member of the family of taxanes, hasantitumor activity through its effect of promotingthe polymerization of tubulin[9,10]. | Edgar Staren Takeshi Iwamura Hubert Appert John Howard | 2001 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2001，7，1： | 12 |
| 11 | Potential antibacterial activity of berberine against multi drug resistant enterovirulent Escherichia coli isolated from yaks(Poephagus grunniens) with haemorrhagic diarrhoea显示文摘Objective:To evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of berberine,a plant alkaloid.Methods:Five multi-drug resistant(MDR) STEC/EPEC and five MDR ETEC isolates from yaks with haemorrhagic diarrhoea were selected for the study.Antibacterial activity of berberine was evaluated by broth dilution and disc diffusion methods.The binding kinetics of berberine to DNA and protein was also enumerated.Results:For both categories of enterovirulent Escherichia coli(E.roli) isolates, berberine displayed the antibaclerial effect in a dose dependent manner.The MIC50 of berberine chloride for STEC/EPEC isolates varied from 2.07μM to 3.6μM with a mean of(2.95±0.33)μM where as for ETEC strains it varied from 1.75 to 1.96μM with a mean of(1.87±0.03)μM. Berberine bind more tightly with double helix DNA with Bmax and Kd of(24.68±2.62) and(357.8±57.8),respectively.Berberine reacted with protein in comparatively loose manner with Bmax and Kd of(18.9±3.83) and <286.2±113.6),respectively.Conclusions:The results indicate clearly that berberine may serve as a good antibacterial against multi drug resistant E.coli. | Samiran Bandyopadhyay Pabitra H Patra Achintya Mahanti Dipak K Mondal Premanshu Dandapat Subhasis Bandyopadhyay Indranil Samanta Chandan Lodh Asit K Bera Debasish Bhattacharyya Mihir Sarkar Kishore K Baruah | 2013 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2013，6，4： | 11 |
| 12 | Upregulation of drug sensitivity of multidrug resistant SGC7901/VCR human gastric cancer cells by bax gene transduction显示文摘To investigate the role of bax in a vincristine (VCR) induced multidrug resistant (MDR) human gastric cancer cell line, SGC7901/VCR, in which the Bax protein expression level was significantly lower compared with that in parent cells Methods A bax eukaryotic expression vector was constructed and transfected into SGC7901/VCR cells by lipofectamine, and resistant clones were selected by G418 Western blotting detected Bax expression in transfectants Tetrazolium blue (MTT) assay evaluated the differences in drug sensitivity and cell cycle changes of transfectants were analyzed using flowcytometry (FCM) Results The bax eukaryotic expression vector was constructed and transfected into SGC7901/VCR cells Through G418 selection, resistant clones were obtained Western blotting demonstrated that the expression of Bax protein was markedly increased in bax transduced cells These cells were more sensitive to adriamycin (ADR) and VCR than mock vector transducted cells Moreover, bax transfection enhanced ADR induced apoptosis and VCR induced G 2/M phase arrest of SGC7901/VCR cells Conclusion Bax was involved in the MDR of SGC7901/VCR | 赵燕秋 肖冰 陈宝军 乔泰东 樊代明 | 2000 | Chinese Medical Journal2000，，11： | 10 |
| 13 | Disease control by regulation of P-glycoprotein on lymphocytes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis显示文摘The main purpose of treatment of rheumatoid arthritis(RA) with disease modifying antirheumatic drugs(DMARDs) is to control activation of lymphocytes,although some patients do not respond adequately to such treatment. Among various mechanisms of multidrug resistance, P-glycoprotein(P-gp), a member of ATP-binding cassette transporters, causes drugresistance by efflux of intracellular drugs. Certain stimuli,such as tumor necrosis factor-α, activate lymphocytes and induce P-gp expression on lymphocytes, as evident in active RA. Studies from our laboratories showed spontaneous nuclear accumulation of human Y-boxbinding protein-1, a multidrug resistance 1 transcription factor, in unstimulated lymphocytes, and surface overexpression of P-gp on peripheral lymphocytes of RA patients with high disease activity. The significant correlation between P-gp expression level and RA disease activity is associated with active efflux of drugs from the lymphocyte cytoplasm and in drugresistance.However, the use of biological agents that reduce P-gp expression as well as P-gp antagonists(e.g., cyclosporine) can successfully reduce the efflux of corticosteroids from lymphocytes in vitro, suggesting that both types of drugs can be used to overcome drug-resistance and improve clinical outcome. We conclude that lymphocytes activated by various stimuli in RA patients with highly active disease acquire P-gpmediated multidrug resistance against corticosteroids and probably some DMARDs, which are substrates of P-gp. Inhibition/reduction of P-gp could overcome such drug resistance. Expression of P-gp on lymphocytes is a promising marker of drug resistance and a suitable therapeutic target to prevent drug resistance in patients with active RA. | Shizuyo Tsujimura Yoshiya Tanaka | 2015 | World Journal of Experimental Medicine2015，5，4： | 8 |
| 14 | Antibacterial photodynamic therapy:overview of a promising approach to fight antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections显示文摘Antibacterial photodynamic therapy(APDT)has drawn increasing attention from the scientific society for its potential to effectively kill multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria and for its low tendency to induce drug resistance that bacteria can rapidly develop against traditional antibiotic therapy.The review summarizes the mechanism of action of APDT,the photosensitizers,the barriers to PS localization,the targets,the in vitro-,in vivo-,and clinical evidence,the current developments in terms of treating Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria,the limitations,as well as future perspectives.Relevance for patients:A structured overview of all important aspects of APDT is provided in the context of resistant bacterial species.The information presented is relevant and accessible for scientists as well as clinicians,whose joint effort is required to ensure that this technology benefits patients in the post-antibiotic era. | Yao Liu Rong Qin Sebastian A.J.Zaat Eefjan Breukink Michal Heger | 2015 | Journal of Clinical & Translational Research2015，1，3： | 8 |
| 15 | Promoter polymorphism of MRP1 associated with reduced survival in hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘AIM:To investigate the effect of the G-1666A polymorphism in the multidrug resistance related protein-1 (MRP1) on outcome of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODS:A cohort of 162 patients with surgically resected HCC who received no postsurgical treatment until relapse was studied. Genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to evaluate the influence of the G-1666A polymorphism on the binding affinity of the MRP1 promoter with its putative transcription factors. RESULTS:Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that patients with GG homologues had a reduced 4-year disease-free survival compared with those carrying at least one A allele (P = 0.011). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that the-1666GG genotype represented an independent predictor of poorer disease-free survival [hazard ratio (HR) = 3.067,95% confidence interval (CI):1.587-5.952,P = 0.001],and this trend became worse in men (HR = 3.154,95% CI:1.604-6.201,P = 0.001). A similar association was also observed between 4-year overall survival and the polymorphism in men (HR = 3.342,95% CI:1.474-7.576,P = 0.004). Moreover,EMSA suggested that the G allele had a stronger binding affinity to nuclear proteins. CONCLUSION:The MRP1-1666GG genotype predicted a worse outcome and was an independent predictor of poor survival in patients with HCC from Southeast China. | Jing Zhao,Bing-Yun Yu,Jin-E Yang,Key Laboratory of Gene Engineering of the Ministry of Education,School of Life Sciences,Sun Yat-sen (Zhongshan) University,Guangzhou 510275,Guangdong Province,China Dao-Yuan Wang,Department of Medical Oncology,The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical College,Guangzhou 510120,Guangdong Province,China | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，48： | 8 |
| 16 | Specific and Selective Bacteriophages in the Fight against Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii显示文摘Acinetobacter baumannii causes serious infections especially in immunocompromised and/or hospitalized patients.Several A.baumannii strains are multidrug resistant and infect wounds,bones,and the respiratory tract.Current studies are focused on finding new effective agents against A.baumannii.Phage therapy is a promising means to fight this bacterium and many studies on procuring and applying new phages against A.baumannii are currently being conducted.As shown in animal models,phages against multidrug-resistant A.baumannii may control bacterial infections caused by this pathogen and may be a real hope to solve this dangerous health problem. | Natalia Baginska Anna Pichlak Andrzej Gorski Ewa Jonczyk-Matysiak | 2019 | Virologica Sinica2019，34，4： | 8 |
| 17 | Correlative Expression of Glutathion S-Transferase-π and Multidrug Resistance Associated Protein in Bladder Transitional Cell Carcinoma显示文摘In order to elucidate the mechanisms of multidrug resistance (MDR) in bladder cancer, the expression of glutathione S-transferase-π (GST-π) and multidrug resistance associated protein (MRP) in tissue samples resected from 44 patients and 6 normal bladder mucosa as control was de- tected by using immunohistochemical method, and the results were analyzed by computer-assisted im- age analyzing system (IAS) to achieve semi-quantitative data. In addition, correlation between the expression of both factors was studied. The results showed that the positive expression rate of GST- π and MRP in bladder cancer was 72. 7 % (32/44) and 68. 2 % (30/44) respectively, significantly higher than those in normal bladder mucosa, being 16. 7% and 33. 3% respectively. The rate of GST-πpositive staining was increased correspondingly with tumor grade and stage elevated, being higher in recurrent tumors treated by chemotherapy, but not significantly (P>0. 05). There was no significant differences between the expression of MRP and tumors’ behaviors and clinical characters. However, the results demonstrated that the correlation between the expression of both resistant fac- tors was very evident (r=0. 695, P<0. 0025). It was suggested that the activation of GST-π and MRP might occur during malignant transformation of normal mucosa, but tumors’ differentiation and progression could not be the unique factors that influenced both overexpression. Chemotherapy might be another important reason. The correlation of both indicated that there was a common mech- anism regulating their expression probably, which made them play a pivotal role in chemotherapy drug resistance of bladder cancers. | 杨为民 曾晓勇 陈春莲 陈忠 杜广辉 | 2000 | Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Medical Sciences)2000，20，4： | 7 |
| 18 | Immune formulation-assisted conventional therapy on anti-infective effectness of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection mice显示文摘Objective:To study the effect of immune formulation-assisted conventional therapy on antiinfective ability of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculous infection mice.Methods:BALB/c mice were used as experimental animals,multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection models were built,randomly divided into model group,moxifloxacin group,thymopentin group and combined treatment group and given corresponding drug intervention,and then colony numbers in the spleen and lung,T lymphocyte subset contents and programmed death-1(PD-1) expression levels in peripheral blood were detected.Results:Colony numbers in lung and spleen of moxifloxacin group and thymopentin group were significantly lower than those of model group and colony numbers in lung and spleen of combined treatment group were significantly lower than those of moxifloxacin group and thymopentin group:contents of CD3^+CD4^+T cells,Thl and Thl7 in peripheral blood of moxifloxacin group and thymopentin group were higher than dtose of model group,and contents of CD3^+CD8^+T cells.Th2 and Treg were lower than those of model group;contents of CD3^+CD4^+T cells.Th 1 and Th 17 in peripheral blood of combined treatment group were higher than those of moxifloxacin group and thymopentin group,and contents of CD3^+CD8^+T cells.Th2 and Treg were lower than those of moxifloxacin group and thymopentin group:PD-I expression levels on T lymphocyte,B lymphocyte and monocyte surface in peripheral blood of moxifloxacin group and thymopentin group were lower than those of model group,and PD-I expression levels on T lymphocyte.B lymphocyte and monocyte surface in peripheral blood of combined treatment group were lower than those of moxifloxacin group and thymopentin group.Conclusions:Immune formulation thymopentin can enhance the anti-infective ability of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection mice,decrease bacterial load in lung and spleen,and enhance immune function. | Xiu-Li Yuan Qiang Wen Ming-De Ni Li-Kun Wang | 2016 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2016，9，3： | 7 |
| 19 | Liver transplantation and the management of progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis in children显示文摘Progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis(PFIC) is a constellation of inherited disorders that result in the impairment of bile flow through the liver that predominantly affects children. The accumulation of bile results in progressive liver damage, and if left untreated leads to end stage liver disease and death. Patients often present with worsening jaundice and pruritis within the first few years of life. Many of these patients will progress to end stage liver disease and require liver transplantation. The role and timing of liver transplantation still remains debated especially in the management of PFIC1. In those patients who are appropriately selected, liver transplantation offers an excellent survival benefit. Appropriate timing and selection of patients for liver transplantation will be discussed, and the short and long term management of patients post liver transplantation will also be described. | Ashley Mehl Humberto Bohorquez Maria-Stella Serrano Gretchen Galliano Trevor W Reichman | 2016 | World Journal of Transplantation2016，6，2： | 6 |
| 20 | Curcumin Reverses 5-Fluorouracil Resistance by Promoting Human Colon Cancer HCT-8/5-FU Cell Apoptosis and Down-regulating Heat Shock Protein 27 and P-Glycoprotein显示文摘Objective: To investigate the potential mechanisms that curcumin reverses 5-fluorouracil(5-FU) multidrug resistance(MDR). Methods: Cell growth and the inhibitory rate of curcumin(2–25 μg/mL) and/or5-FU(0.05–1000 μg/mL) on human colon cancer HCT-8 and HCT-8/5-FU(5-FU-resistant cel line) were determined using cel counting kit-8(CCK-8) assay. Apoptosis and cel cycle after 5-FU and/or curcumin treatment were detected by ?ow cytometry(FCM) and transmission electron microscopy(TEM). The expression of the multidrug resistance related factors p-glycoprotein(P-gp) and heat shock protein 27(HSP-27) genes and proteins were analyzed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and Western blotting(WB), respectively. Results: The inhibitory rate of curcumin or 5-FU on HCT-8 and HCT-8/5-FU cells proliferation at exponential phase were in a dosedependent manner, HCT-8 cell line was more sensitive to curcumin or 5-FU when compared the inhibitory rate of HCT-8/5-FU. The 50% inhibitory concentration(IC50) of combination 5-FU and curcumin(4.0 μg/mL)in HCT-8/5-FU was calculated as 179.26 μg/mL, with reversal fold of 1.85. Another IC50 of combination 5-FU and curcumin(5.5 μg/mL) in HCT-8/5-FU was calculated as 89.25 μg/mL, with reversal fold of 3.71. Synergistic effect of 5-FU and curcumin on HCT-8 and HCT-8/5-FU cells were found. The cell cycle analysis performed by FCM showed that HCT-8 and HCT-8/5-FU cel s mostly accumulated at G0/G1 phase, which suggested a synergistic effect of curcumin and 5-FU to induce apoptosis. FCM analysis found that the percentage of apoptosis of cel s treated with curcumin, 5-FU and their combination were signi?cantly increased compared to the control group(P<0.05), and the percentage of apoptosis of the combination groups were slightly higher than other groups(P<0.05). The m RNA levels of P-gp(0.28±0.02) and HSP-27(0.28±0.09) in HCT-8/5-FU cel s treated with combination drugs were lower than cel s treated with 5-FU alone(P-gp, 0.48±0.07, P=0.009;HSP-27, 0.57±0.10, P=0.007). The protein levels of P-gp(0.25±0.06) and HSP-27(0.09±0.02) in HCT-8/5-FU cells treated with combination drugs were decreased when compared to 5-FU alone(P-gp, 0.46±0.02, P=0.005;HSP-27, 0.43±0.01, P=0.000). Conclusions: Curcumin can inhibit the proliferation of human colon cancer cells. Curcumin has the ability of reversal effects on the multidrug resistance of human colon cancer cells lines HCT-8/5-FU. Down-regulation of P-gp and HSP-27 may be the mechanism of curcumin reversing the drug resistance of HCT-8/5-FU to 5-FU. | HE Wen-ting ZHU Yan-hua ZHANG Tong ABULIMITI Patima ZENG Fan-ye ZHANG Li-ping LUO Ling-juan XIE Xin-mei ZHANG Hong-liang | 2019 | Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine2019，25，6： | 6 |
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