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| 1 | Creation of aromatic maize by CRISPR/Cas显示文摘Aroma is an important quality parameter for breeding in rice(Oryza sativa).For example,the aromatic rice varieties basmati and jasmine rice,with a popcorn-like scent,are popular worldwide and routinely command a price premium.2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2AP)is a key flavor compound among over 200 volatiles identified in fragrant rice.A naturally fragrant germplasm exists in multiple plant species besides rice,which all exhibit lower activity of BETAINE ALDEHYDE DEHYDROGENASE 2(BADH2).However,no equivalent aromatic germplasm has been described in maize(Zea mays).Here,we characterized the two maize BADH2 homologs,ZmBADH2a and ZmBADH2b.We generated zmbadh2a and zmbadh2b single mutants and the zmbadh2a-zmbadh2b double mutant by CRISPR/Cas in four inbred lines.A popcorn-like scent was only noticeable in seeds from the double mutant,but not from either single mutant or in wild type.In agreement,we only detected 2AP in fresh kernels and dried mature seeds from the double mutant,which accumulated between 0.028 and 0.723 mg/kg 2AP.These results suggest that ZmBADH2a and ZmBADH2b redundantly participate in 2AP biosynthesis in maize,and represent the creation of the world's first aromatic maize by simultaneous genome editing of the two BADH2 genes. | Yanxiao Wang Xiaoqin Liu Xiuxiu Zheng Wenxia Wang Xunqing Yin Haifeng Liu Changle Ma Xiaomu Niu Jian-Kang Zhu Fei Wang | 2021 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2021，63，9： | 3 |
| 2 | Baicalin inhibits inflammation of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury via toll like receptor-4/myeloid differentiation primary response 88/nuclear factor-kappa B signaling pathway显示文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect and mechanism of baicalin in the treatment of acute lung injury(ALI)by in vivo and in vitro experiments.METHODS:ALI was induced by instilling 10 mg/m L lipopolysaccharide(LPS)into the airway of rats.Different doses of baicalin(50 and 100 mg·kg^(-1)·d^(-1 ))were administered by gavage one day before modeling.RESULTS:Baicalin significantly reduced the permeability of the alveolocapillary membrane,alleviated tissue injury and inflammatory infiltration,and inhibited the secretion of inflammatory factors and the infiltration of neutrophils.The decline in these inflammations was related to the inhibition of the toll like receptor-4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation factor 88(My D88)/nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB)/nod-like receptor pyrin containing 3(NLRP3)signaling pathway and the mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathway.CONCLUSIONS:Baicalin inhibits the secretion of inflammatory factors by inhibiting the TLR4-My D88-NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway and the MAPK signaling pathway.Thus,it reduces lung bronchial epithelial layer,alveolar damage,and pulmonary edema as detected in the in vivo and in vitro experiments.Therefore,baicalin may be a potential preventive and therapeutic drug for ALI. | ZHU Changle FENG Cuiling FENG Feng Yao Xiaoqin WANG Guishu SHI Liangtian ZHENG Jiakun | 2022 | Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine2022，42，2： | 3 |
| 3 | Replacing fishmeal with soybean meal affects survival, antioxidant capacity, intestinal microbiota, and mRNA expression of TOR and S6K1 in Macrobrachium rosenbergii显示文摘Using alternative plant-derived dietary protein to replace fishmeal,combined with practical evaluation indexes,is a recent focus for aquaculture practices.An 8-week feeding experiment with giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii post-larvae was conducted to determine the eff ects of replacing fi shmeal(FM)with soybean meal in the feed,in terms of growth performance,antioxidant capacity,intestinal microbiota,and mRNA expression of target of rapamycin(TOR)and ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1(S6K1).Four isonitrogenous diets with isocaloric value were prepared to contain 100%,75%,50%,or 25%FM as the protein source(dietary treatments FM100,FM75,FM50,and FM25,respectively).Each diet was fed to post-larval prawns(mean weight 0.045±0.002 g)twice a day in four replicates.No signifi cant diff erence in weight gain was observed among all groups,but the survival rate of prawns fed the FM50 and FM25 diets was signifi cantly lower than that of prawns fed the FM diet.The mRNA expression of both TOR and S6K1 were the lowest in hepatopancreas of prawns fed the FM25 diet.Superoxide dismutase activity of prawns fed the FM25 diet was significantly lower than that of prawns fed FM50.In contrast,the malondialdehyde content was signifi cantly higher in prawns fed FM25 as compared with those fed FM75.The proportion of fishmeal in the diet did not affect the composition of core(phylum-level)intestinal microbiota,but greater fishmeal replacement with soybean meal had a potential risk to increase the relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens in the gut when considered at the genus level.These results suggest that fishmeal replacement with soybean meal should not exceed 50%in a diet for post-larval M.rosenbergii. | Zhili DING Dongsheng ZHOU Jinxian ZHENG Xuefeng CHEN Youqin KONG Changle QI Yan LIU Qiongying TANG Guoliang YANG Jinyun YE | 2022 | Journal of Oceanology and Limnology2022，40，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Late onsets of tropical cyclones in the decaying years of super El Niño events显示文摘The 2015/2016 El Nino event reached the threshold of super El Nino event,and was comparable to the super events in 1982/1983 and 1997/1998.Interestingly,the tropical cyclones(TCs)were found to have very late onsets in the decaying years of the super El Nino events.This study discusses the causes of late TC onsets related with atmospheric circulation,disturbance sources and trigger mechanisms.The analysis shows that the western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH)from January–June during the decaying years of the super El Nino events were stronger than the climatic mean,which resulted in a relatively stable atmospheric state by inhibiting deep convection.As a disturbance source,the April–June intertropical convergence zone(ITCZ)during the decaying years of the super El Nino events were significantly weaker than its climatic mean.The cross-equatorial flow and monsoon trough,as important TC generation triggers,were weaker from April–June during the decaying years of the super El Nino events,which further reduced the probability of TC generation.As for the late TC onsets,the role of atmospheric circulation anomalies(i.e.,subtropical-high,the ITCZ,cross-equatorial flow,and monsoon trough)were more important.The cross-equatorial flow may take as predictor of TC onsets in the decaying years of the super El Nino events. | Zhiqiang Li Runyu Zhang Kai Liu Changling Zheng Zhikun Chen | 2019 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2019，38，7： | 0 |
| 5 | Efficacy of oral nicotinic acid and choline in the treatment and preventionoffattyliverindairycow显示文摘Efficacy of oral nicotinic acid and choline in the treatment and preventionoffattyliverindairycowEfficacyoforalnicotinicacida... | Tian Wenru Zheng Changle Li Shoujun Zhou Jnanping Yang Hongjiang(Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,P.R.China)Wang Tao(Dairy Farm of Harbin City)Hu Qingde,Bai Yinmin,Ma Chengchang(Dairy Farm of Songhuajiang)Yang Dianjun (Dairy Farm of Sandao, | 1994 | Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition)1994，1，1： | 0 |
| 6 | Superconductivity above 70 K observed in lutetium polyhydrides显示文摘The binary polyhydrides of heavy rare earth lutetium that shares a similar valence electron configuration to lanthanum have been experimentally discovered to be superconductive.The lutetium polyhydrides were successfully synthesized at high pressure and high temperature conditions using a diamond anvil cell in combinations with the in-situ high pressure laser heating technique.The resistance measurements as a function of temperature were performed at the same pressure of synthesis in order to study the transitions of superconductivity(SC).The superconducting transition with a maximum onset temperature(Tc)71 K was observed at pressure of 218 GPa in the experiments.The Tcdecreased to 65 K when pressure was at 181 GPa.From the evolution of SC at applied magnetic fields,the upper critical field at zero temperatureμ0Hc2(0)was obtained to be~36 T.The in-situ high pressure X-ray diffraction experiments imply that the high TcSC should arise from the Lu4H23phase with Pm3n symmetry that forms a new type of hydrogen cage framework different from those reported for previous light rare earth polyhydride superconductors. | Zhiwen Li Xin He Changling Zhang Ke Lu Baosen Min Jun Zhang Sijia Zhang Jianfa Zhao Luchuan Shi Yi Peng Shaomin Feng Zheng Deng Jing Song Qingqing Liu Xiancheng Wang Richeng Yu Luhong Wang Yingzhe Li Jay D.Bass Vitali Prakapenka Stella Chariton Haozhe Liu Changqing Jin | 2023 | Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy)2023，66，6： | 0 |
| 7 | Generation of a high-efficiency adenine base editor with TadA8e for developing wheat dinitroaniline-resistant germplasm显示文摘Base editing using CRISPR technologies is an invaluable tool for crop breeding. One of the major base editors, the adenine base editor(ABE), has been successfully used in both model plants and many crops.However, owing to limited editing efficiency, the ABE has been difficult to apply in polyploid crops such as allohexaploid bread wheat that often require simultaneous mutation of multiple alleles for fast breeding. We have designed a wheat high-efficiency ABE(Whie ABE), using the newly developed high-activity adenosine deaminase Tad A8 e. In vivo and in vitro analysis demonstrated the improved applicability of Tad A8 e over the commonly used Tad A7.10. Dinitroaniline is a widely used herbicide with high effectiveness and low toxicity to animals. However, wheat cultivars with tolerance to dinitroaniline are rare, limiting the application of dinitroaniline in wheat planting. Using A-to-G editing with Whie ABE, we found that a Met-to-Thr mutation in wheat tubulin alleles located on chromosomes 1 A, 1 B, 1 D, 4 A, and 4 D increased the resistance of wheat to dinitroaniline, revealing a dosage effect of edited tubulins in resistance. The Whie ABE promises to be a valuable editing tool for accelerating crop improvement and developing herbicide-resistant wheat germplasm. | Huanan Han Ziwen Wu Ling Zheng Jingyi Han Yi Zhang Jihu Li Shujuan Zhang Genying Li Changle Ma Pingping Wang | 2022 | The Crop Journal2022，10，2： | 0 |
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