| 2 | Critical roles of chemokines and cytokines in antiviral innate immune responses during rabies virus infection显示文摘The innate immune response is the first line of defense against viral invasion and pro-inflammatory chemokines and cytokines have a critical function in the innate immune responses against virus infections. The ability of a rabies virus(RABV) to induce the expression of chemokines and cytokines can lead to viral clearance from the central nervous system(CNS), whereas the ability to evade such expression and activation contributes to virulence and pathogenicity. In this review, the crucial contribution of chemokines/cytokines to clearing RABV from the CNS is discussed, including recruiting leukocytes into the CNS, enhancement of blood brain barrier permeability and activation of various immune cells that are essential for viral clearance. In addition, recombinant RABV expressing cytokines and chemokines can induce elevated innate and adaptive immune responses which result in clearing an established wild-type RABV infection in the CNS. | Ying HUANG Clement Wesley GNANADURAI Zhenfang FU | 2017 | Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering2017，4，3： | 0 |
| 3 | A Highly Attenuated Mumps Virus Strain of Genotype F Generated by Passaging in Vero Cells显示文摘Dear Editor Mumps,caused by mumps virus(MuV),is still a serious threat to the health of children and teenagers.In most mumps cases,the clinical symptoms were parotitis,myalgia,malaise,fever and headache.As a neurotropic virus,MuV infection also causes cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in one-third of patients and meningitis in 10%of patients.For very few cases,orchitis and oophoritis also can occur(Carbone and Wolinsky 2001). | Yajing Zhang Lixia Xie Benjie Chai Juncheng Ruan Yulin Gu Biao Niu Yachun Zhang Zhenfang Fu Qi An Dayong Tian | 2021 | Virologica Sinica2021，36，2： | 0 |
| 4 | Effects of hypoxic preconditioning on the changes of expression of neuroglobin mRNA and labeled positive cells following cerebral ischemia in gerbils显示文摘BACKGROUND: Neuroglobin (NGB), as newly discovered the third member of the globin family binding oxygen, mainly exists in brain of human beings and vertebrates, and it is closely correlated with the oxygen supply in brain. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of the expression of neuroglobin and number of positive cells labeled immunohistochemically following cerebral ischemia in gerbils after hypoxic preconditioning. DESIGN: A complete randomized grouping design and controlled experiment. SETTING: Department of Neurology, Department of Anesthesia, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University. MATERIALS: Sixty-six adult male Mongolian gerbils of clean degree, about 50-65 g, at an average of 57.5 g were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Capital Medical University [certificate number of animal quality:SCXK(Beijing)2000-0012]. TRNzil (Tianwei Shidai Company, Beijing), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers (synthetized by Invitrogen Company, Shanghai); reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) one-step kit (Toyobo Company); PCR instrument (GeneAmp PCR System 240); mice brain NGB monoclonal antibody (Academy of Military Medical Sciences); DAB (Zhongshan Company, Beijing). METHEDS: The study was completed from December 2004 to June 2005 in Shandong Provincial Hospital. ① The 66 gerbils were randomly divided into sham-operated group (n =6), cerebral ischemia group (n =30) and hypoxic preconditioning group (n =30). The gerbils in the hypoxic preconditioning group were put in the environment which contained O2 (0.08 in volume fraction) and N2 (0.92 in volume fraction) at temperature of 25 ℃ for 2 hours. After 5 hours, the gerbils in the hypoxic preconditioning group and cerebral ischemia group were anesthetized, then bilateral common carotid arteries were ligated. In the sham-operated group, bilateral common carotid arteries were only isolated without ligation and hypoxic preconditioning. ② At 1, 5, 10, 30 and 60 minutes after cerebral ischemia, the expression of NGB mRNA was detected with RT-PCR, and the number of NGF positive cells was counted with immunohistochemical staining. The NGB mRNA expression and number of NGB positive cells at different time points after ischemia were compared between the gerbils treated with and without hypoxic preconditioning. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: NGB mRNA expression and number of NGB positive cells at 1, 5, 10, 30 and 60 minutes after cerebral ischemia. RESULTS: All the 66 Mongolian gerbils were involved in the analysis of results. ① Results of NGB mRNA: In the cerebral ischemia group, the NGB mRNA expression began to increase at 1 minute after cerebral ischemia, but had no obvious difference as compared with that in the sham-operated group (P > 0.05), that at 5 minutes was obviously higher than that in the sham-operated group (0.951±0.034, 0.597±0.008, P < 0.05), it decreased gradually 10, 30 and 60 minutes after cerebral ischemia, but had no obvious difference as compared with that in the sham-operated group (P > 0.05). In the hypoxic preconditioning group, the NGB mRNA expression increased rapidly 1 minute after cerebral ischemia, which was obviously higher than that in the cerebral ischemia group (0.641±0.010, 0.618±0.015, P < 0.05), and the expressions at 5, 10 and 30 minutes were still obviously higher than those in the cerebral ischemia group (0.995±0.020 vs. 0.951±0.034; 0.941±0.010 vs. 0.615±0.018; 0.642±0.010 vs. 0.608±0.010, P < 0.05-0.01), whereas the expression at 60 minutes were not obviously different from that in the cerebral ischemia group (P > 0.05). ② Number of NGB positive cells: The numbers of NGB positive cells at 1, 10 and 30 minutes after cerebral ishcemia in the hypoxic preconditioning group [(50.2±3.3), (67.2±3.3), (35.0±4.3) cells] were obviously more than those in the cerebral ischemia group [(33.0±2.1), (60.5±1.9), (23.3±3.1) cells, P < 0.05-0.01], whereas those at 5 and 60 minutes had no obvious differences between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Hypoxic preconditioning can rapidly accelerate the expression of NGB mRNA following cerebral ischemia, and it plays its neuroprotective role in hypoxic preconditioning. | Yong Zhang Yanqun Chang Zhenfang Liu Qingxi Fu Xiao Zhang | 2006 | Neural Regeneration Research2006，1，5： | 0 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员