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| 1 | Beginning to understand microRNA function显示文摘MicroRNAs (miRNAs ) 是小 RNA 由植物,动物,病毒和至少一个单细胞的有机体表示了的 -22 nt,绿水藻, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii [1 ] 。MostmiRNAs 被 RNA II 作为主要 miRNAs (pri-miRNAs ) 抄录,尽管一些被 RNA III 抄录。在动物, pri-miR-NAs 被二连续 endonucleolytic 劈开变换成成熟 miRNAs [2 ] 。pri-miRNA 被 Drosha 首先切成原子核, aribonuclease III (RNase III ) 酶,与它的双 stranded 扮演 RNA 有约束力的领域(dsRBD ) 蛋白质搭挡,在脊椎动物的叫的 DGCR8 和在无脊椎动物的帕夏进一个 -70 nt 茎环,先锋 miRNA (pre-miRNA ) 。在它到由 Exportin 5 的细胞质的出口以后, pre-miRNA 是到由第二 RNase III 酶的成熟 miRNA 的角质, Dicer,哪个在有 twodsRBD 蛋白质之一的哺乳动物的搭挡—TRBP (HIV-1 焦油 RNA 有约束力的蛋白质) 或合同,或在有 thedsRBD 蛋白质的果蝇 melanogaster 多话(Loqs ) 。成熟 miRNA 然后被装进一个受动器复杂、导致 theRNA 的 silencing 建筑群(RISC ) ,其核心部件总是是 Argonaute 的一个成员(以前)指导 RNA 的 RNA 规章的蛋白质的家庭[3 ] 。最近,一条其他的处理小径在果蝇和 C 为 miRNAs 的不同亚群被识别。elegans [4, 5 ] 。这些 miRNAsexploit 拼接的 pre-mRNA 直接产生 pre-miRNA 的机械,绕过由 Drosha 处理 pri-miRNA。为这些 miRNAs, pre-miRNA 是马上成熟 miRNAand 的先锋紧缩的、充分功能的 intron,因此名字,“ mirtrons ”。 | Tingting Du Phillip D Zamore | 2007 | Cell Research2007，17，8： | 20 |
| 2 | Hepatitis B and liver transplantation: Molecular and clinical features that influence recurrence and outcome显示文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV) continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is estimated that about 350 million people throughout the world are chronically infected with HBV. Some of these people will develop hepatic cirrhosis with decompensation and/or hepatocellular carcinoma. For such patients, liver transplantation may be the only hope for cure or real improvement in quality and quantity of life. Formerly, due to rapidity of recurrence of HBV infection after liver transplantation, usually rapidly progressive, liver transplantation was considered to be contraindicated. This changed dramatically following the demonstration that hepatitis B immune globulin(HBIG), could prevent recurrent HBV infection. HBIG has been the standard of care for the past two decades or so. Recently, with the advent of highly active inhibitors of the ribose nucleic acid polymerase of HBV(entecavir, tenofovir), there has been growing evidence that HBIG needs to be given for shorter lengths of time; indeed, it may no longer be necessary at all. In this review, we describe genetic variants of HBV and past, present, and future prophylaxis of HBV infection during and after liver transplantation. We have reviewed the extant medical literature on the subject of infection with the HBV, placing particular emphasis upon the prevention and treatment of recurrent HBV during and after liver transplantation. For the review, we searched PubMed for all papers on the subject of 'hepatitis B virus AND liver transplantation'. We describe some of the more clinically relevant and important genetic variations in the HBV. We also describe current practices at our medical centers, provide a summary and analysis of comparative costs for alternative strategies for prevention of recurrent HBV, and pose important still unanswered questions that are in need of answers during the next decade or two. We conclude that it is now rational and cost-effective to decrease and, perhaps, cease altogether, the routine use of HBIG during and following liver transplantation for HBV infection. Here we propose an individualized prophylaxis regimen, based on an integrated approach and risk-assessment. | Tahereh Ghaziani Hossein Sendi Saeid Shahraz Philippe Zamor Herbert L Bonkovsky | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，39： | 7 |
| 3 | Asymmetry in the Assembly of the RNAi Enzyme Complex显示文摘 | Dianne S. Schwarz Gy?rgy Hutvágner Tingting Du Zuoshang Xu Neil Aronin Phillip D. Zamore | 2003 | Cell2003，，2： | 3 |
| 4 | RNAi:double-stranded RNA directs the ATP-dependent cleavage of mRNA at 21 to 23 nucleotide intervals显示文摘 | Zamore PD Tuschl T Sharp PA | 2000 | Cell2000，101，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Human Monoclonal Antibody MBL‐HCV1 Delays HCV Viral Rebound Following Liver Transplantation: A Randomized Controlled Study显示文摘 | R. T. Chung F. D. Gordon M. P. Curry T. D. Schiano S. Emre K. Corey J. F. Markmann M. Hertl J. J. Pomposelli E. A. Pomfret S. Florman M. Schilsky T. J. Broering R. W. Finberg G. Szabo P. D. Zamore U. Khettry G. J. Babcock D. M. Ambrosino B. Leav M. Leney | 2013 | American Journal of Transplantation2013，，4： | 2 |
| 6 | Microprimer:the biogenesis and func-tion of microRNA显示文摘 | Zamore PD | 2005 | Development2005，132，21： | 1 |
| 7 | RNAi: nature abhors a double - strand显示文摘 | HUTVAGNER G ZAMORE PD | 2002 | Curr Opin Genet Dev2002，12，： | 1 |
| 8 | Kinetic analysis of the RNAi en- zyme complex 显示文摘 | Haley B Zamore P D | 2004 | Nat Struct Mol Biol2004，11，： | 1 |
| 9 | A microRNA in a muhiple-turnover RNAi enzyme complex 显示文摘 | Hutvagner G Zamore PD | 2002 | Science2002，297，5589： | 1 |
| 10 | RNAi: Double-strandedRNA directs the ATP-dependent cleavage of mRNA at 21 to 23 nucleotide intervals显示文摘 | Zamore PD Tuschl T Sharp PA | 2000 | Cell2000，101，1： | 1 |
| 11 | Microprimer: the biogenesis and function of microRNA显示文摘 | Du T Zamore PD | 2005 | Development2005，132，21： | 1 |
| 12 | Perspective: machines for RNAi显示文摘 | Tomari Y Zamore PD | 2005 | Genes Dev2005，19，2： | 1 |
| 13 | RNAi:double stranded RNA directs the ATP-dependent cleavage of mRNA at 21 to 23 nucleotide intervals显示文摘 | Zamore P D Tuschl T Sharp P A | 2000 | Cell2000，101，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Perspective: machines for RNAi 显示文摘 | Tomari Y Zamore P D | 2005 | Genes2005，19，5： | 1 |
| 15 | Ancient pathways programmed by small RNAs 显示文摘 | Zamore PD | 2002 | Science2002，296，： | 1 |
| 16 | Targeted mRNA degradation by double - stranded RNA in vitro 显示文摘 | Tuschl T Zamore P D Lehmann R | 1999 | Genes Dev1999，13，： | 1 |
| 17 | RNAi: double-stranded RNA directs the ATP-dependent cleavage of mRNA at 21 - 23 nucleotide intervals显示文摘 | Zamore PD Tuschi H Sharp PA | 2000 | Cell2000，101，4： | 1 |
| 18 | RNAi:Nature abhors a double-strand显示文摘 | Hutvagner G Zamore PD | 2002 | Curr Opin Genet Dev2002，12，2： | 1 |
| 19 | MicroRNA control of PHABULOSA in leaf development:importance of pairing to the mieroRNA 5' region 显示文摘 | Mallory A C Reinhart B J Jones-Rhoades M W Tang G L Zamore P D Barton M K Barrel D P | 2004 | The EMBO Journal2004，23，： | 1 |
| 20 | AKP requirements and small interfering RNA structure in the RNA interference pathway 显示文摘 | Nykanen A Haley B Zamore PD | 2001 | Cell2001，107，3： | 1 |
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