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| 1 | Machine learning modeling of superconducting critical temperature显示文摘Superconductivity has been the focus of enormous research effort since its discovery more than a century ago.Yet,some features of this unique phenomenon remain poorly understood;prime among these is the connection between superconductivity and chemical/structural properties of materials.To bridge the gap,several machine learning schemes are developed herein to model the critical temperatures(T_(c))of the 12,000+known superconductors available via the SuperCon database.Materials are first divided into two classes based on their T_(c) values,above and below 10 K,and a classification model predicting this label is trained.The model uses coarse-grained features based only on the chemical compositions.It shows strong predictive power,with out-of-sample accuracy of about 92%.Separate regression models are developed to predict the values of T_(c) for cuprate,iron-based,and low-T_(c) compounds.These models also demonstrate good performance,with learned predictors offering potential insights into the mechanisms behind superconductivity in different families of materials.To improve the accuracy and interpretability of these models,new features are incorporated using materials data from the AFLOW Online Repositories.Finally,the classification and regression models are combined into a single-integrated pipeline and employed to search the entire Inorganic Crystallographic Structure Database(ICSD)for potential new superconductors.We identify>30 non-cuprate and non-iron-based oxides as candidate materials. | Valentin Stanev Corey Oses A.Gilad Kusne Efrain Rodriguez Johnpierre Paglione Stefano Curtarolo Ichiro Takeuchi | 2018 | npj Computational Materials2018，，1： | 21 |
| 2 | Endothelial dysfunction in diabetes mellitus: Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications显示文摘 | Corey E. Tabit William B. Chung Naomi M. Hamburg Joseph A. Vita | 2010 | Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders2010，，1： | 19 |
| 3 | 抗表皮生长因子受体和抗血管内皮生长因子药物在非小细胞肺癌治疗中的作用显示文摘采用以铂类药物为基础联合细胞毒性药物作为非小细胞肺癌(non-small-cell lung cancer,NSCLC)的标准化一线治疗的疗效已达到相应的平台。作用于特定通路的新型分子靶向药物逐渐成为治疗NSCLC的有效药物;某些药物的III期试验已取得阳性结果。值得注意的是,有研究证实,采用抗血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)抗体贝伐珠单抗抑制VEGF通路,以及采用表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)的小分子酪氨酸激酶抑制剂厄洛替尼或单克隆抗体(西妥昔单抗)靶向作用于EGFR通路作为一线或二线治疗方案,均可延长晚期肺癌患者的生存期。可导致肿瘤细胞存活和增殖的信号处理过程不同,为靶向作用于多种信号通路为有效的抗癌治疗策略提供了依据。因此,分子靶向药物的合理联用可能达到更好的临床疗效,并可成为对标准化疗耐药或不能耐受标准化疗的患者的可替代的治疗选择。目前的挑战在于明确应探寻哪些分子实体,以及它们的最佳联合方案。本综述旨在探讨贝伐珠单抗联合厄洛替尼抑制血管生成和EGFR信号作为治疗NSCLC的有效的非化疗方案的潜在临床疗效。其它可阻滞EGFR和血管生成通路以及互补信号通路的新型药物的联合具有独特的作用机制和较轻的毒副作用,有可能为晚期NSCLC患者的个体化治疗选择提供更多的治疗方案。 | Corey LANGER Jean-Charles SORIA 南娟(翻译) 丁燕(校对) | 2010 | 中国肺癌杂志2010，13，9： | 16 |
| 4 | 鼻整形植入材料显示文摘 | 张海霞 Maas Corey S.M.D | 2002 | 中国美容医学2002，11，1： | 12 |
| 5 | Precore/basal core promoter mutants and hepatitis B viral DNA levels as predictors for liver deaths and hepatocellular carcinoma显示文摘AIM: To conduct a retrospective study in 400 chronic hepatitis B patients in order to identify hepatitis B viral factors associated with complications of liver disease or development of hepatocellular carcinoma.METHODS: The mean follow-up time was 83.6 ± 39.6 mo. Alpha-fetoprotein test and abdominal ultrasound were used for cancer surveillance. Hepatitis B basal core promoter mutants, precore mutants, genotypes, hepatitis B viral DNA (HBV DNA) level and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) were measured. Univariate analysis and logistic regression were used to assess odds ratios for viral factors related to liver deaths and hepatocellular carcinoma development. RESULTS: During follow-up, 38 patients had liver deaths not related to hepatocellular carcinoma. On multivariate analysis, older age [odds ratio: 95.74 (12.13-891.31); P < 0.0001], male sex [odds ratio: 7.61 (2.20-47.95); P = 0.006], and higher log10 HBV DNA [odds ratio: 4.69 (1.16-20.43); P < 0.0001] were independently predictive for these liver related deaths. Also, 31 patients developed hepatocellular carcinoma. Multivariate analysis showed that older age [odds ratio: 26.51 (2.36-381.47); P = 0.007], presence of precore mutants [odds ratio: 4.23 (1.53-19.58); P = 0.02] and presence of basal core promoter mutants [odds ratio: 2.93 (1.24-7.57); P = 0.02] were independent predictors for progression to hepatocellular carcinoma.CONCLUSION: Our results show that high levels of baseline serum HBV DNA are associated with non- hepatocellular carcinoma-related deaths of liver failure, while genetic mutations in the basal core promoter and precore regions are predictive for development of hepatocellular carcinoma. | Myron J Tong Lawrence M Blatt Jia-Horng Kao Jason Tzuying Cheng William G Corey | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，41： | 11 |
| 6 | 扬子克拉通古大陆边缘Mo同位素特征及对有机埋藏量的指示意义显示文摘通过对扬子克拉通古大陆边缘不同时期沉积岩的Mo同位素进行测定,结合Mo微量元素组成,对古大陆边缘Mo的自生作用规律进行了研究,并根据Mo丰度对原始有机碳堆积速率进行了计算.结果表明,其原始有机碳堆积速率在0.17~0.67mmol/m2/day之间.利用已建立的现代大陆边缘δ98Mo与有机碳埋藏速率模型,对该区不同时期沉积岩的有机碳埋藏速率进行恢复.结果表明,扬子克拉通显生宙不同时期沉积岩的有机碳埋藏速率有较大的变化范围(0.43~2.87mmol/m2/day),并与原始有机碳堆积速率具有明显的相关性,因此,δ98Mo有可能成为评价有效烃源岩的潜在指标. | 周炼 周红兵 李茉 王峰 Corey Archer | 2007 | 地球科学(中国地质大学学报)2007，32，6： | 11 |
| 7 | Neuroprotective effects of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells against cerebral ischemia are mediated in part by an anti-apoptotic mechanism显示文摘Transplantation of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(hMSCs) stands as a potent stroke therapy, but its exact mechanism remains unknown. This study investigated the anti-apoptotic mechanisms by which hMSCs exert neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia. Primary mixed cultures of rat neurons and astrocytes were cultured and exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation. A two-hour period of 'reperfusion' in standard medium and normoxic conditions was allowed and immediately followed by hMSCs and/or Bcl-2 antibody treatment. Cell viability of primary rat neurons and astrocytes was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthianol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and trypan blue exclusion methods. hMSC survival and differentiation were characterized by immunocytochemistry, while the concentration of Bcl-2 in the supernatant was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to reveal the secretory anti-apoptotic function of hMSCs. Cultured hMSCs expressed embryonic-like stem cell phenotypic markers CXCR4, Oct4, SSEA4, and Nanog, as well as immature neural phenotypic marker Nestin. Primary rat neurons and astrocytes were protected from oxygen-glucose deprivation by hMSCs, which was antagonized by the Bcl-2 antibody. However, Bcl-2 levels in the supernatants did not differ between hMSCand non-treated cells exposed to oxygen-glucose deprivation. Neuroprotective effects of hMSCs against cerebral ischemia were partially mediated by the anti-apoptotic mechanisms. However, further studies are warranted to fully elucidate this pathway. | Yuyang Zhang Seongjin Yu Julian P.Tuazon Jea-Young Lee Sydney Corey Lauren Kvederis Chase Kingsbury Yuji Kaneko Cesar V.Borlongan | 2019 | Neural Regeneration Research2019，14，4： | 9 |
| 8 | CTCAE v3.0: development of a comprehensive grading system for the adverse effects of cancer treatment显示文摘 | Andy Trotti A.Dimitrios Colevas Ann Setser Valerie Rusch David Jaques Volker Budach Corey Langer Barbara Murphy Richard Cumberlin C.Norman Coleman Philip Rubin | 2003 | Seminars in Radiation Oncology2003，，3： | 8 |
| 9 | Predicting superhard materials via a machine learning informed evolutionary structure search显示文摘The computational prediction of superhard materials would enable the in silico design of compounds that could be used in a wide variety of technological applications.Herein,good agreement was found between experimental Vickers hardnesses,Hv,of a wide range of materials and those calculated by three macroscopic hardness models that employ the shear and/or bulk moduli obtained from:(i)first principles via AFLOW-AEL(AFLOW Automatic Elastic Library),and(ii)a machine learning(ML)model trained on materials within the AFLOW repository.Because H^(ML)_(v) values can be quickly estimated,they can be used in conjunction with an evolutionary search to predict stable,superhard materials.This methodology is implemented in the XTALOPT evolutionary algorithm.Each crystal is minimized to the nearest local minimum,and its Vickers hardness is computed via a linear relationship with the shear modulus discovered by Teter.Both the energy/enthalpy and H^(ML)_(v),Teter are employed to determine a structure’s fitness.This implementation is applied towards the carbon system,and 43 new superhard phases are found.A topological analysis reveals that phases estimated to be slightly harder than diamond contain a substantial fraction of diamond and/or lonsdaleite. | Patrick Avery Xiaoyu Wang Corey Oses Eric Gossett Davide M.Proserpio Cormac Toher Stefano Curtarolo Eva Zurek | 2019 | npj Computational Materials2019，，1： | 7 |
| 10 | Surface-enhanced Raman scattering on dielectric microspheres with whispering gallery mode resonance显示文摘Conventionally, metallic nanostructures are used for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy(SERS), but recently there has been increasing interest in the enhancement of Raman scattering from dielectric substrates due to their improved stability and biocompatibility compared with metallic substrates. Here, we report the observation of enhanced Raman scattering from rhodamine 6 G molecules coated on silica microspheres. We excite the whispering gallery modes(WGMs) supported in the microspheres with a tapered fiber coupler for efficient WGM excitation, and the Raman enhancement can be attributed to the WGM mechanism. Strong resonance enhancement in pump laser intensity and modified Raman emission from the Purcell effect in the microsphere resonator are observed from the experiment and compared with theoretical results. A total Raman enhancement factor of 1.4 × 10~4 is observed, with contribution mostly from the enhancement in pump laser intensity. Our results show that, with an efficient pumping scheme, dielectric microspheres are a viable alternative to metallic SERS substrates. | STEVEN H.HUANG XUEFENG JIANG Bo PENG COREY JANISCH ALEXANDER COCKING SAHIN KAYA OZDEMIR ZHIWEN LIU LAN YANG | 2018 | Photonics Research2018，6，5： | 7 |
| 11 | 帕博利珠单抗联合以铂类为基础的化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌合并稳定性脑转移患者的结局:KEYNOTE-021、-189和-407研究的汇总分析显示文摘背景与目的此项探索性分析回顾评价了晚期非小细胞肺癌(non-small cell lung cancer,NSCLC)患者的结局,旨在确定基线时合并脑转移是否会影响一线应用帕博利珠单抗联合化疗(pembrolizumab plus chemotherapy,PC)比对单用化疗的疗效。患者和方法对KEYNOTE-021队列G(非鳞癌)、KEYNOTE-189(非鳞癌)和KEYNOTE-407(鳞癌)三项研究晚期NSCLC患者的数据进行汇总分析。患者接受含铂两药化疗和/或35个周期帕博利珠单抗治疗(每3周200 mg)。所有研究均纳入了经治或初治的稳定性脑转移患者(KEYNOTE-189与KEYNOTE-407研究纳入初治脑转移患者)。经治的脑转移患者已处于病情稳定的状态≥2周(KEYNOTE-021队列G患者≥4周),无新发或脑转移病灶扩大的证据且入组前至少3天以上未使用激素。初治的无症状脑转移患者需定期接受脑部影像学检查。结果共纳入1298例患者,其中171例有基线脑转移,1127例无脑转移。两组的中位随访时间(范围)在数据截止时分别为10.9(0.1-35.1)个月和11.0(0.1-34.9)个月。合并脑转移和无脑转移患者的总生存期[0.48(95%CI:0.32-0.70)和0.63(95%CI:0.53-0.75)]和无进展生存期[0.44(95%CI:0.31-0.62)和0.55(95%CI:0.48-0.63)]的风险比(PC/化疗)相似。合并脑转移的患者中,PC组和单用化疗组患者的中位总生存期分别为18.8个月和7.6个月,中位无进展生存期分别为6.9个月和4.1个月。无论是否合并脑转移,PC组患者的客观缓解率都高于单用化疗组,且缓解持续时间有显著延长。合并脑转移的患者中,PC组与单用化疗组的治疗相关不良事件发生率分别为88.2%和82.8%;而无脑转移的患者中,两组治疗相关不良事件的发生率分别为94.5%和90.6%。结论无论是否合并脑转移,与单用化疗相比,帕博利珠单抗联合以铂类为基础的组织学特异性化疗可改善所有PD-L1亚组的临床结局,其中包括PD-L1肿瘤比例评分<1%的患者,并且在晚期NSCLC患者中安全性良好。该方案是晚期NSCLC初治患者的标准方案,并可用于合并稳定性脑转移的患者。 | 周清(翻译校对) Steven F Powell Delvys Rodríguez-Abreu Corey J Langer Ali Tafreshi Luis Paz-Ares Hans-Georg Kopp Jeronimo Rodríguez-Cid Dariusz M Kowalski Ying Cheng Takayasu Kurata Mark M Awad Jinaxin Lin Bin Zhao M Catherine Pietanza Bilal Piperdi Marina C Garassino | 2022 | 中国肺癌杂志2022，25，1： | 6 |
| 12 | Direct laser writing of volumetric gradient index lenses and waveguides显示文摘Direct laser writing(DLW)has been shown to render 3D polymeric optical components,including lenses,beam expanders,and mirrors,with submicrometer precision.However,these printed structures are limited to the refractive index and dispersive properties of the photopolymer.Here,we present the subsurface controllable refractive index via beam exposure(SCRIBE)method,a lithographic approach that enables the tuning of the refractive index over a range of greater than 0.3 by performing DLW inside photoresist-filled nanoporous silicon and silica scaffolds.Adjusting the laser exposure during printing enables 3D submicron control of the polymer infilling and thus the refractive index and chromatic dispersion.Combining SCRIBE’s unprecedented index range and 3D writing accuracy has realized the world’s smallest(15μm diameter)spherical Luneburg lens operating at visible wavelengths.SCRIBE’s ability to tune the chromatic dispersion alongside the refractive index was leveraged to render achromatic doublets in a single printing step,eliminating the need for multiple photoresins and writing sequences.SCRIBE also has the potential to form multicomponent optics by cascading optical elements within a scaffold.As a demonstration,stacked focusing structures that generate photonic nanojets were fabricated inside porous silicon.Finally,an all-pass ring resonator was coupled to a subsurface 3D waveguide.The measured quality factor of 4600 at 1550 nm suggests the possibility of compact photonic systems with optical interconnects that traverse multiple planes.SCRIBE is uniquely suited for constructing such photonic integrated circuits due to its ability to integrate multiple optical components,including lenses and waveguides,without additional printed supports. | Christian R.Ocier Corey A.Richards Daniel A.Bacon-Brown Qing Ding Raman Kumar Tanner J.Garcia Jorik van de Groep Jung-Hwan Song Austin J.Cyphersmith Andrew Rhode Andrea N.Perry Alexander J.Littlefield Jinlong Zhu Dajie Xie Haibo Gao Jonah F.Messinger Mark L.Brongersma Kimani C.Toussaint Jr Lynford L.Goddard Paul V.Braun | 2020 | Light(Science & Applications)2020，9，1： | 6 |
| 13 | Artificial lights improve the catchability of snow crab (Chionoecetes opilio) traps显示文摘This study investigated the behaviour and commercial catchability of snow crab(Chionoecetes opilio)in response to different low-powered LED lights under laboratory and field conditions.We created a novel choice-experiment in a laboratory setting in which we investigated the behaviour of snow crab in response to coloured LED lights.The results showed that snow crab movement was dependent on light colour,with animals choosing to move toward blue and white lights,away from purple lights,and no detectable effect for green and red lights.We then conducted two field experiments to investigate the effect of the same LED lights on the catch rates of commercial traps during the 2016 snow crab fishery on the east coast of Newfoundland and Labrador.Results from the first field experiment showed that adding white and purple LED lights into baited traps significantly improved Catch Per Unit Effort(CPUE)by 77% and 47% respectively.Results from the second field experiment showed that unbaited traps equipped with only LED lights(no bait),could also catch snow crab in comparable amounts to traditional baited traps,with soak time and depth explaining some of the variation in CPUE.Taken together,these experiments suggest that fishing enterprises can improve their catching performance and profitability by adding LED lights to their traps,or by using LED lights as a bait replacement. | Khanh Q.Nguyen Paul D.Winger Corey Morris Scott M.Grant | 2017 | Aquaculture and Fisheries2017，2，3： | 5 |
| 14 | Utilizing pharmacotherapy and mesenchymal stem cell therapy to reduce inflammation following traumatic brain injury显示文摘The pathologic process of chronic phase traumatic brain injury is associated with spreading inflammation,cell death,and neural dysfunction.It is thought that sequestration of inflammatory mediators can facilitate recovery and promote an environment that fosters cellular regeneration.Studies have targeted post-traumatic brain injury inflammation with the use of pharmacotherapy and cell therapy.These therapeutic options are aimed at reducing the edematous and neurodegenerative inflammation that have been associated with compromising the integrity of the blood-brain barrier.Although studies have yielded positive results from anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy and cell therapy individually,emerging research has begun to target inflammation using combination therapy.The joint use of anti-inflammatory drugs alongside stem cell transplantation may provide better clinical outcomes for traumatic brain injury patients.Despite the promising results in this field of research,it is important to note that most of the studies mentioned in this review have completed their studies using animal models.Translation of this research into a clinical setting will require additional laboratory experiments and larger preclinical trials. | Sherwin Mashkouri Marci G.Crowley Michael G.Liska Sydney Corey Cesar V.Borlongan | 2016 | Neural Regeneration Research2016，11，9： | 5 |
| 15 | Risk of Lymphoma Associated With Combination Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor and Immunomodulator Therapy for the Treatment of Crohn’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis显示文摘 | Corey A. Siegel Sadie M. Marden Sarah M. Persing Robin J. Larson Bruce E. Sands | 2009 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2009，，8： | 5 |
| 16 | Discovery of high-entropy ceramics via machine learning显示文摘Although high-entropy materials are attracting considerable interest due to a combination of useful properties and promising applications,predicting their formation remains a hindrance for rational discovery of new systems.Experimental approaches are based on physical intuition and/or expensive trial and error strategies.Most computational methods rely on the availability of sufficient experimental data and computational power.Machine learning(ML)applied to materials science can accelerate development and reduce costs.In this study,we propose an ML method,leveraging thermodynamic and compositional attributes of a given material for predicting the synthesizability(i.e.,entropy-forming ability)of disordered metal carbides. | Kevin Kaufmann Daniel Maryanovsky William M.Mellor Chaoyi Zhu Alexander S.Rosengarten Tyler J.Harrington Corey Oses Cormac Toher Stefano Curtarolo Kenneth S.Vecchio | 2020 | npj Computational Materials2020，，1： | 5 |
| 17 | Little left to lose: deforestation and forest degradation in Australia since European colonization显示文摘Aims Australia is among one of the world’s wealthiest nations;yet,its relatively small human population(22.5 million)has been responsible for extensive deforestation and forest degradation since European settlement in the late 18th century.Despite most(;75%)of Australia’s 7.6 million-km2 area being covered in inhospitable deserts or arid lands generally unsuitable to forest growth,the coastal periphery has witnessed a rapid decline in forest cover and quality,especially over the last 60 years.Here I document the rates of forest loss and degradation in Australia based on a thorough review of existing literature and unpublished data.Important Findings Overall,Australia has lost nearly 40%of its forests,but much of the remaining native vegetation is highly fragmented.As European colonists expanded in the late 18th and the early 19th centuries,deforestation occurred mainly on the most fertile soils nearest to the coast.In the 1950s,southwesternWestern Australia was largely cleared for wheat production,subsequently leading to its designation as a Global Biodiversity Hotspot given its high number of endemic plant species and rapid clearing rates.Since the 1970s,the greatest rates of forest clearance have been in southeastern Queensland and northern New SouthWales,although Victoria is the most cleared state.Today,degradation is occurring in the largely forested tropical north due to rapidly expanding invasive weed species and altered fire regimes.Without clear policies to regenerate degraded forests and protect existing tracts at a massive scale,Australia stands to lose a large proportion of its remaining endemic biodiversity.The most important implications of the degree to which Australian forests have disappeared or been degraded are that management must emphasize the maintenance of existing primary forest patches,as well as focus on the regeneration of matrix areas between fragments to increase native habitat area,connectivity and ecosystem functions. | Corey J.A.Bradshaw | 2012 | Journal of Plant Ecology2012，5，1： | 5 |
| 18 | A Review of Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Immunopathogenesis显示文摘Despite the advances in therapy,hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)still represent a significant global health burden,both as major causes of cirrhosis,hepatocellular carcinoma,and death worldwide.HBV is capable of incorporating its covalently closed circular DNA into the host cell’s hepatocyte genome,making it rather difficult to eradicate its chronic stage.Successful viral clearance depends on the complex interactions between the virus and host’s innate and adaptive immune response.One encouraging fact on hepatitis B is the development and effective distribution of the HBV vaccine.This has significantly reduced the spread of this virus.HCV is a RNA virus with high mutagenic capacity,thus enabling it to evade the immune system and have a high rate of chronic progression.High levels of HCV heterogeneity and its mutagenic capacity have made it difficult to create an effective vaccine.The recent advent of direct acting antivirals has ushered in a new era in hepatitis C therapy.Sustained virologic response is achieved with DAAs in 85–99%of cases.However,this still leads to a large population of treatment failures,so further advances in therapy are still needed.This article reviews the immunopathogenesis of HBV and HCV,their properties contributing to host immune system avoidance,chronic disease progression,vaccine efficacy and limitations,as well as treatment options and common pitfalls of said therapy. | Corey Saraceni John Birk | 2021 | Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology2021，9，3： | 5 |
| 19 | Helicobacter pylori recurrence after eradication in Latin America:Implications for gastric cancer prevention显示文摘AIM To estimate Helicobacter pylori(H. pylori) recurrence rate in Latin America, a region with a significant H. pylori prevalence and gastric cancer burden.METHODS Pub Med, LILACS, Sci ELO, Cochrane databases and abstracts from relevant meetings were reviewed. Information collected included: Participants' characteristics, recruitment strategy, diagnostic modality, treatment arms, follow-up and recurrence rates. Recurrence was calculated using 100-patients-year rates, and data were pooled using a random effects model. The I2 statistic assessed between study heterogeneity. Meta-regression analyses evaluated for effect modifying variables. RESULTS Literature search yielded 163 articles. Twelve studies involving 4848 patients from 9 countries met inclusion criteria. Four hundred and thirty-two reinfections were recorded in 5487 person-years of follow-up. Pooled analysis showed a recurrence rate of 7.9 cases per 100 person-years(95%CI: 5.3-10.5). Meta-regression revealed that neither the antibiotic schema, a second antibiotic course, nor the diagnostic modality had an impact on the observed risk of recurrence. The recurrence rate in the first year after treatment, predominantly recrudescence,was 11.2(6.1-16.4) per 100 patient years. Recurrence in subsequent years, was only 6.2(3.8-8.7).CONCLUSION H. pylori recurrence rates in Latin America are significant, and with geographic variability, yet are acceptable based upon the current literature for consideration of large scale intervention trials. Further research in Latin America is warranted to evaluate the efficacy, cost-effectiveness, and potential adverse outcomes of proposed eradication programs. | Juan E Corral Robertino Mera Corey W Dye Douglas R Morgan | 2017 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2017，9，4： | 5 |
| 20 | Gain in polycrystalline Nd-doped alumina: leveraging length scales to create a new class of high-energy, short pulse, tunable laser materials显示文摘Traditionally accepted design paradigms dictate that only optically isotropic(cubic)crystal structures with high equilibrium solubilities of optically active ions are suitable for polycrystalline laser gain media.The restriction of symmetry is due to light scattering caused by randomly oriented anisotropic crystals,whereas the solubility problem arises from the need for sufficient active dopants in the media.These criteria limit material choices and exclude materials that have superior thermo-mechanical properties than state-of-the-art laser materials.Alumina(Al_(2)O_(3))is an ideal example;it has a higher fracture strength and thermal conductivity than today’s gain materials,which could lead to revolutionary laser performance.However,alumina has uniaxial optical proprieties,and the solubility of rare earths(REs)is two-to-three orders of magnitude lower than the dopant concentrations in typical RE-based gain media.We present new strategies to overcome these obstacles and demonstrate gain in a RE-doped alumina(Nd:Al_(2)O_(3))for the first time.The key insight relies on tailoring the crystallite size to other important length scales—the wavelength of light and interatomic dopant distances,which minimize optical losses and allow successful Nd doping.The result is a laser gain medium with a thermo-mechanical figure of merit of R_(s)~19,500 Wm^(−1) a 24-fold and 19,500-fold improvements over the high-energy-laser leaders Nd:YAG(R_(s)~800Wm^(−1))and Nd:Glass(R_(s)~1Wm^(−1)),respectively.Moreover,the emission bandwidth of Nd:Al_(2)O_(3) is broad:~13 THz.The successful demonstration of gain and high bandwidth in a medium with superior R_(s) can lead to the development of lasers with previously unobtainable highpeak powers,short pulses,tunability,and high-duty cycles. | Elias H.Penilla Luis F.Devia-Cruz Matthew A.Duarte Corey L.Hardin Yasuhiro Kodera Javier E.Garay | 2018 | Light(Science & Applications)2018，7，1： | 4 |
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