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| 1 | Long-term monitoring and source apportionment of PM_(2.5)/PM_(10) in Beijing,China显示文摘During 2001-2006,PM2.5 (particle matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 microns) and PM10 (particle matter with aerodynamic diameter less than 10 microns) were collected at the Beijng Normal University (BNU) site,China,and in 2006,at a background site in Duolun (DL).The long-term monitoring data of elements,ions,and black carbon showed that the major constituents of PM2.5 were black carbon (BC) crustal elements,nitrates,ammonium salts,and sulfates.These five major components accounted for 20%-80% of the total PM2.5.During this period,levels of Pb and S in PM remained rather high,as compared with the levels in other large cities in the world.Source apportionment results suggest that there were 6 common sources for PM2.5 and PM10,i.e.,soil dust,vehicular emission,coal combustion,secondary aerosol,industrial emission,and biomass burning.Coal combustion was the largest contributor of PM2.5 with a percentage of 16.6%,whereas soil dust played the most important role in PM10 with a percentage of 27%.In contrast,only three common types of sources could be resolved at the background DL site,namely,soil dust,biomass combustion,and secondary aerosol from combustion sources. | Hailin WANG Zhengping HAO | 2008 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2008，20，11： | 65 |
| 2 | Aerosol and boundary-layer interactions and impact on air quality显示文摘Air quality is concerned with pollutants in both the gas phase and solid or liquid phases. The latter are referred to as aerosols, which are multifaceted agents affecting air quality, weather and climate through many mechanisms. Unlike gas pollutants, aerosols interact strongly with meteorological variables with the strongest interactions taking place in the planetary boundary layer(PBL). The PBL hosting the bulk of aerosols in the lower atmosphere is affected by aerosol radiative effects. Both aerosol scattering and absorption reduce the amount of solar radiation reaching the ground and thus reduce the sensible heat fluxes that drive the diurnal evolution of the PBL. Moreover, aerosols can increase atmospheric stability by inducing a temperature inversion as a result of both scattering and absorption of solar radiation, which suppresses dispersion of pollutants and leads to further increases in aerosol concentration in the lower PBL.Such positive feedback is especially strong during severe pollution events. Knowledge of the PBL is thus crucial for understanding the interactions between air pollution and meteorology. A key question is how the diurnal evolution of the PBL interacts with aerosols, especially in vertical directions, and affects air quality.We review the major advances in aerosol measurements, PBL processes and their interactions with each other through complex feedback mechanisms, and highlight the priorities for future studies. | Zhanqing Li Jianping Guo Aijun Ding Hong Liao Jianjun Liu Yele Sun Tijian Wang Huiwen Xue Hongsheng Zhang Bin Zhu | 2017 | National Science Review2017，4，6： | 37 |
| 3 | Source apportionment for urban PM_(10) and PM_(2.5) in the Beijing area显示文摘Airborne particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) samples were collected at the Beijing Normal University sampling site in the urban area of Beijing, China in dry and wet seasons during 2001―2004. Concen-trations of 23 elements and 14 ions in particulate samples were determined by ICP-AES and IC, re-spectively. Source apportionment results derived from both Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) and Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) models indicate that the major contributors of PM2.5 and PM10 in Beijing are: soil dust, fossil fuel combustion, vehicle exhausts, secondary particulate, biomass burning and some industrial sources. We have identified both regional common sources, such as vehicular emis-sions, particulate of secondary origin and biomass burning, as well as country-specific problems, such as sand storms and soil dust that should be addressed for effective air quality control. | ZHANG Wei GUO JingHua SUN YeLe YUAN Hui ZHUANG GuoShun ZHUANG YaHui HAO ZhengPing | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，5： | 22 |
| 4 | Chemical characteristics of size-resolved aerosols in winter in Beijing显示文摘Size-resolved aerosols were continuously collected by a Nano Sampler for 13 days at an urban site in Beijing during winter 2012 to measure the chemical composition of ambient aerosol particles. Data collected by the Nano Sampler and an ACSM(Aerodyne Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor) were compared. Between the data sets,similar trends and strong correlations were observed,demonstrating the validity of the Nano Sampler. PM10 and PM2.5concentrations during the measurement were 150.5 ± 96.0 μg/m3(mean ± standard variation)and 106.9 ± 71.6 μg/m3,respectively. The PM2.5/PM10 ratio was 0.70 ± 0.10,indicating that PM2.5dominated PM10. The aerosol size distributions showed that three size bins of 0.5–1,1–2.5 and 2.5–10 μm contributed 21.8%,23.3% and 26.0% to the total mass concentration(TMC),respectively. OM(organic matter) and SIA(secondary ionic aerosol,mainly SO42-,NO3-and NH4+) were major components of PM2.5. Secondary compounds(SIA and secondary organic carbon) accounted for half of TMC(about 49.8%) in PM2.5,and suggested that secondary aerosols significantly contributed to the serious particulate matter pollution observed in winter. Coal burning,biomass combustion,vehicle emissions and SIA were found to be the main sources of PM2.5. Mass concentrations of water-soluble ions and undetected materials,as well as their fractions in TMC,strikingly increased with deteriorating particle pollution conditions,while OM and EC(elemental carbon) exhibited different variations,with mass concentrations slightly increasing but fractions in TMC decreasing. | Kang Sun Yu Qu Qiong Wu Tingting Han Jianwei Gu Jingjing Zhao Yele Sun Qi Jiang Ziqi Gao Min Hu Yuanhang Zhang Keding Lu Stephan Nordmann Yafang Cheng Li Hou Hui Ge Masami Furuuchi Mitsuhiko Hata Xingang Liu | 2014 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2014，26，8： | 9 |
| 5 | Single-cell Immune Landscape of Human Recurrent Miscarriage显示文摘t Successful pregnancy in placental mammals substantially depends on the establishment of maternal immune tolerance to the semi-allogenic fetus.Disorders in this process are tightly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes including recurrent miscarriage(RM).However,an indepth understanding of the systematic and decidual immune environment in RM remains largely lacking.In this study,we utilized single-cell RNA-sequencing(scRNA-seq)to comparably analyze the cellular and molecular signatures of decidual and peripheral leukocytes in normal and unexplained RM pregnancies at the early stage of gestation.Integrative analysis identifies 22 distinct cell clusters in total,and a dramatic difference in leukocyte subsets and molecular properties in RM cases is revealed.Specifically,the cytotoxic properties of CD8^(+)effector T cells,nature killer(NK),and mucosal-associated invariant T(MAIT)cells in peripheral blood indicates apparently enhanced pro-inflammatory status,and the population proportions and ligand–receptor interactions of the decidual leukocyte subsets demonstrate preferential immune activation in RM patients.The molecular features,spatial distribution,and the developmental trajectories of five decidual NK(dNK)subsets have been elaborately illustrated.In RM patients,a dNK subset that supports embryonic growth is diminished in proportion,while the ratio of another dNK subset with cyto toxic and immune-active signature is significantly increased.Notably,a unique pro-inflammatory CD56^(+)CD16^(+)dNK subset substantially accumulates in RM decidua.These findings reveal a comprehensive cellular and molecular atlas of decidual and peripheral leukocytes in human early pregnancy and provide an in-depth insight into the immune pathogenesis for early pregnancy loss. | Feiyang Wang Wentong Jia Mengjie Fan Xuan Shao Zhilang Li Yongjie Liu Yeling Ma Yu-Xia Li Rong Li Qiang Tu Yan-Ling Wang | 2021 | Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics2021，19，2： | 8 |
| 6 | Light absorption properties and potential sources of brown carbon in Fenwei Plain during winter 2018–2019显示文摘A distinctive kind of organic carbon aerosol that could absorb ultraviolet-visible radiation is called brown carbon(Br C),which has an important positive influence on radiative budget and climate change.In this work,we reported the absorption properties and potential source of Br C based on a seven-wavelength aethalometer in the winter of 2018–2019 at an urban site of Sanmenxia in Fenwei Plain in central China.Specifically,the mean value of Br C absorption coefficient was 59.6±36.0 Mm^(-1) at 370 nm and contributed 37.7%to total absorption,which made a significant impact on visibility and regional environment.Absorption coefficients of Br C showed double-peak pattern,and Br C had shown small fluctuations under haze days compared with clean days.As for the sources of Br C,Br C absorption coefficients expressed strong correlations with element carbon aerosols and primary organic carbon aerosols,indicating that most of Br C originated from primary emissions.The linear correlations between trace metal elements(K,As,Fe,Mn,Zn,and Pb)and Br C absorption coefficients further referred that the major sources of Br C were primary emissions,like coal burning,biomass burning,and vehicle emissions.The moderate relationship between Br C absorption coefficients and secondary organic aerosols suggested that secondary production of Br C also played an important role.The 120 hr backward air mass trajectories analysis and concentration-weighted trajectories analysis were also used to investigate potential sources of Br C in and around this area,which inferred most parts of Br C were derived from local emissions. | Wenyu Zhang Weigang Wang Jie Li Shuangliang Ma Chaofan Lian Kun Li Bo Shi Mingyuan Liu Yanyu Li QingQing Wang Yele Sun Shengrui Tong Maofa Ge | 2021 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2021，33，4： | 6 |
| 7 | Chemical formation and source apportionment of PM_(2.5) at an urban site at the southern foot of the Taihang mountains显示文摘The region along the Taihang Mountains in the North China Plain(NCP) is characterized by serious fine particle pollution. To clarify the formation mechanism and controlling factors, an observational study was conducted to investigate the physical and chemical properties of the fine particulate matter in Jiaozuo city, China. Mass concentrations of the water-soluble ions(WSIs) in PM_(2.5) and gaseous pollutant precursors were measured on an hourly basis from December 1, 2017, to February 27, 2018. The positive matrix factorization(PMF) method and the FLEXible PARTicle(FLEXPART) model were employed to identify the sources of PM_(2.5). The results showed that the average mass concentration of PM_(2.5) was 111 μg/m^(3) during the observation period. Among the major WSIs, sulfate, nitrate, and ammonium(SNA) constituted 62% of the total PM_(2.5) mass, and NO_(3)^(-) ranked the highest with an average contribution of 24.6%. NH_(4)^(+) was abundant in most cases in Jiaozuo. According to chemical balance analysis, SO_(2)-4, NO_(3)^(-), and Cl^(-) might be present in the form of(NH_4)_(2)SO_4, NH_4NO_3, NH_4Cl, and KCl. The liquid-phase oxidation of SO_(2) and NO_(2) was severe during the haze period. The relative humidity and pH were the key factors influencing SO_(4)^(2-) formation. We found that NO_(3)^(-) mainly stemmed from homogeneous gas-phase reactions in the daytime and originated from the hydrolysis of N_(2)O_5 in the nighttime, which was inconsistent with previous studies. The PMF model identified five sources of PM_(2.5) : secondary origin(37.8%), vehicular emissions(34.7%), biomass burning(11.5%), coal combustion(9.4%), and crustal dust(6.6%). | Xiaoyong Liu Mingshi Wang Xiaole Pan Xiyue Wang Xiaolong Yue Donghui Zhang Zhigang Ma Yu Tian Hang Liu Shandong Lei Yuting Zhang Qi Liao Baozhu Ge Dawei Wang Jie Li Yele Sun Pingqing Fu Zifa Wang Hong He | 2021 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2021，33，5： | 5 |
| 8 | Observation of Wind Shear during Evening Transition and an Estimation of Submicron Aerosol Concentrations in Beijing Using a Doppler Wind Lidar显示文摘The wind speed and direction measured over six months by a Doppler wind lidar(Windcube-8)were compared with wind cup anemometers mounted on the 325-m Beijing meteorological tower(BMT).Five mountain–plain wind cases characterized by wind direction shear were selected based on the high-frequency(1.1 s)wind profile of the Windcube-8 and analyzed with 1-h mesoscale surface weather charts.Also analyzed was the relationship between insitu PM_1(aerodynamic diameter≤1μm)concentrations measured at 260 m on BMT and the carrier-to-noise ratio(CNR)of the co-located Windcube-8.The results showed that the 10-min averaged wind speed and direction were highly correlated(R=0.96–0.99)at three matched levels(80,140,and 200 m).The evening transition duration was1–3 h,with an average wind speed of 1 m s^(–1) at 80 m above the ground.In addition,there was a zero horizontalwind-speed zone along the wind direction shear line,and in one case,the wind speed was characterized by a Kelvin–Helmholtz gravity wave.The variability of the PM_1 concentrations was captured by the CNR of the Windcube-8 in a fair weather period without the long-range transport of dust. | Yong CHEN Junling AN Xiquan WANG Yele SUN Zifa WANG Jing DUAN | 2017 | Journal of Meteorological Research2017，31，2： | 5 |
| 9 | Coordination polymer based on (1,2-bis(2-picolinamido) phenyl)copper显示文摘(1,2-bis(2-pyridinecarboxamido)benzene copper Cu(bpb) was synthesized and employed as a building block to construct supramolecular coordination polymer based on intermolecular coordination and hydrogen bonding interactions. X-ray single-crystal diffraction characterization revealed that intermolecular coordination interactions lead to the formation of one-dimensional infinite molecular columns, which array along the same direction in the crystal resulting in the three-dimensional network. The molecular columns are linked together by hydrogen-bonding interactions, which infinitely extend in bc plane. The one-dimensional coordination bonding and two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding interactions result in the formation of supramolecular coordination polymer. | YEKaiqi WUYing ZHANGHongyu YELing YUJingsneng YANGGuangdi WANGYue | 2005 | Chinese Science Bulletin2005，50，5： | 3 |
| 10 | The ion chemistry and the source of PM 2.5 aerosol in Beijing显示文摘 | Ying Wang Guoshun Zhuang Aohan Tang Hui Yuan Yele Sun Shuang Chen Aihua Zheng | 2005 | Atmospheric Environment2005，，21： | 3 |
| 11 | Evolutionary processes and sources of high-nitrate haze episodes over Beijing,Spring显示文摘Rare and consecutive high-nitrate haze pollution episodes were observed in Beijing in spring2012. We present detailed characterization of the sources and evolutionary mechanisms of this haze pollution, and focus on an episode that occurred between 15 and 26 April. Submicron aerosol species were found to be substantially elevated during haze episodes, and nitrates showed the largest increase and occupation(average: 32.2%) in non-refractory submicron particles(NR-PM_1), which did not occur in other seasons as previously reported. The haze episode(HE) was divided into three sub-episodes, HEa, HEb, and HEc. During HEa and HEc, a shallow boundary layer, stagnant meteorological conditions, and high humidity favored the formation of high-nitrate concentrations, which were mainly produced by three different processes —daytime photochemical production, gas-particle partitioning, and nighttime heterogeneous reactions — and the decline in visibility was mainly induced by NR-PM_1.However, unlike HEa and HEc, during HEb, the contribution of high nitrates was partly from the transport of haze from the southeast of Beijing — the transport pathway was observed at ~800–1000 m by aerosol Lidar —and the decline in visibility during HEb was primarily caused by PM_(2.5). Our results provide useful information for air quality improvement strategies in Beijing during Spring. | Ting Yang Yele Sun Wei Zhang Zifa Wang Xingang Liu Pingqing Fu Xiquan Wang | 2017 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2017，29，4： | 2 |
| 12 | Growth Rates of Fine Aerosol Particles at a Site near Beijing in June 2013显示文摘Growth of fine aerosol particles is investigated during the Aerosol–CCN–Cloud Closure Experiment campaign in June2013 at an urban site near Beijing. Analyses show a high frequency(~ 50%) of fine aerosol particle growth events, and show that the growth rates range from 2.1 to 6.5 nm h^(-1) with a mean value of ~ 5.1 nm h^(-1). A review of previous studies indicates that at least four mechanisms can affect the growth of fine aerosol particles: vapor condensation, intramodal coagulation,extramodal coagulation, and multi-phase chemical reaction. At the initial stage of fine aerosol particle growth, condensational growth usually plays a major role and coagulation efficiency generally increases with particle sizes. An overview of previous studies shows higher growth rates over megacity, urban and boreal forest regions than over rural and oceanic regions. This is most likely due to the higher condensational vapor, which can cause strong condensational growth of fine aerosol particles.Associated with these multiple factors of influence, there are large uncertainties for the aerosol particle growth rates, even at the same location. | Chuanfeng ZHAO Yanan LI Fang ZHANG Yele SUN Pucai WANG | 2018 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2018，35，2： | 2 |
| 13 | Nocturnal Low-levelWinds and Their Impacts on Particulate Matter over the Beijing Area显示文摘Three-month wind profiles, 260 m PM_1 concentrations [i.e., particulate matter(PM) with an aerodynamic diameter ≤1μm], and carrier-to-noise ratio data at two Beijing sites 55 km apart(urban and suburban) were collected to analyze the characteristics of low-level nocturnal wind and PM in autumn and winter. Three mountain-plain wind events with wind shear were selected for analysis. The measurements indicated that the maximum wind speeds of the northerly weak low-level jet(LLJ) below 320 m at the suburban site were weaker than those at the urban site, and the LLJ heights and depths at the suburban site were lower than those at the urban site. The nocturnal 140 m mean vertical velocities and the variations in vertical velocity at the urban site were larger than those at the suburban site. A nocturnal breeze with a weak LLJ of ~3 m s^(-1) noticeably offset nocturnal PM transport due to southerly flow and convergence within the northern urban area of Beijing. Characteristics of the nocturnal LLJ, such as start-up time, structure, intensity, and duration, were important factors in determining the decrease in the nocturnal horizontal range and site-based low-level variations in PM. | Yong CHEN Junling AN Yele SUN Xiquan WANG Yu QU Jingwei ZHANG Zifa WANG Jing DUAN | 2018 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2018，35，12： | 2 |
| 14 | Recent Progress in Atmospheric Chemistry Research in China: Establishing a Theoretical Framework for the “Air Pollution Complex”显示文摘Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the“air pollution complex”was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997.For papers published in 2021 on air pollution(only papers included in the Web of Science Core Collection database were considered),more than 24000 papers were authored or co-authored by scientists working in China.In this paper,we review a limited number of representative and significant studies on atmospheric chemistry in China in the last few years,including studies on(1)sources and emission inventories,(2)atmospheric chemical processes,(3)interactions of air pollution with meteorology,weather and climate,(4)interactions between the biosphere and atmosphere,and(5)data assimilation.The intention was not to provide a complete review of all progress made in the last few years,but rather to serve as a starting point for learning more about atmospheric chemistry research in China.The advances reviewed in this paper have enabled a theoretical framework for the air pollution complex to be established,provided robust scientific support to highly successful air pollution control policies in China,and created great opportunities in education,training,and career development for many graduate students and young scientists.This paper further highlights that developing and low-income countries that are heavily affected by air pollution can benefit from these research advances,whilst at the same time acknowledging that many challenges and opportunities still remain in atmospheric chemistry research in China,to hopefully be addressed over the next few decades. | Tong ZHU Mingjin TANG Meng GAO Xinhui BI Junji CAO Huizheng CHE Jianmin CHEN Aijun DING Pingqing FU Jian GAO Yang GAO Maofa GE Xinlei GE Zhiwei HAN Hong HE Ru-Jin HUANG Xin HUANG Hong LIAO Cheng LIU Huan LIU Jianguo LIU Shaw Chen LIU Keding LU Qingxin MA Wei NIE Min SHAO Yu SONG Yele SUN Xiao TANG Tao WANG Tijian WANG Weigang WANG Xuemei WANG Zifa WANG Yan YIN Qiang ZHANG Weijun ZHANG Yanlin ZHANG Yunhong ZHANG Yu ZHAO Mei ZHENG Bin ZHU Jiang ZHU | 2023 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2023，40，8： | 2 |
| 15 | The variation of characteristics and formation mechanisms of aerosols in dust, haze, and clear days in Beijing显示文摘 | Ying Wang Guoshun Zhuang Yele Sun Zhisheng An | 2006 | Atmospheric Environment2006，，34： | 2 |
| 16 | The impact of the atmospheric turbulence-development tendency on new particle formation:a common finding on three continents显示文摘A new mechanism of new particle formation(NPF)is investigated using comprehensive measurements of aerosol physicochemical quantities and meteorological variables made in three continents,including Beijing,China;the Southern Great Plains site in the USA;and SMEARⅡStation in Hyytiala,Finland.D espite the considerably different emissions of chemical species among the sites,a common relationship was found between the characteristics of NPF and the stability intensity.The stability parameter(ζ=Z/L,where Z is the height above ground and L is the Monin-Obukhov length)is found to play an important role;it drops significantly before NPF as the atmosphere becomes more unstable,which may serve as an indicator of nucleation bursts.As the atmosphere becomes unstable,the NPF duration is closely related to the tendency for turbulence development,which influences the evolution of the condensation sink.Presumably,the unstable atmosphere may dilute pre-existing particles,effectively reducing the condensation sink,especially at coarse mode to foster nucleation.This new mechanism is confirmed by model simulations using a molecular dynamic model that mimics the impact of turbulence development on nucleation by inducing and intensifying homogeneous nucleation events. | Hao Wu Zhanqing Li Hanqing Li Kun Luo Yuying Wang Peng Yan Fei Hu Fang Zhang Yele Sun Dongjie Shang Chunsheng Liang Dongmei Zhang Jing Wei Tong Wu Xiaoai Jin Xinxin Fan Maureen Cribb Marc L.Fischer Markku Kulmala Tuukka Petaja | 2021 | National Science Review2021，8，3： | 2 |
| 17 | The air-borne particulate pollution in Beijing—concentration, composition, distribution and sources显示文摘 | Yele Sun Guoshun Zhuang Ying Wang Lihui Han Jinghua Guo Mo Dan Wenjie Zhang Zifa Wang Zhengping Hao | 2004 | Atmospheric Environment2004，，35： | 2 |
| 18 | New insights into the sources and formation of carbonaceous aerosols in China:potential applications of dual-carbon isotopes显示文摘Carbonaceous aerosols account for20-50%of total fine particulate matter(PM_(2.5),particles with a diameter of2.5μm or less)mass concentration in polluted urban atmospheres and can affect atmospheric chemistry,air quality,environmental health and Earth's radiation balance[1].Bulk | Fang Cao Yanlin Zhang Lujie Ren Junwen Liu Jun Li Gan Zhang Di Liu Yele Sun Zifa Wang Zongbo Shi Pingqing Fu | 2017 | National Science Review2017，4，6： | 2 |
| 19 | The air-borne particulate pollution in Beijing: Concentration, composition, distribution and sources显示文摘 | Yele Sun Guoshun Zhuang Ying Wang | 2004 | Atmospheric Environment2004，，38： | 1 |
| 20 | Summertime formaldehyde observations in New York City: Ambient levels, sources and its contribution to HOx radicals显示文摘 | Lin Yu Chi Schwab James J. Demerjian Kenneth L. Bae Min-Suk Chen Wei-Nai Sun Yele Zhang Qi Hung Hui-Ming Perry Jacqueline | 2012 | EN2012，，8： | 1 |
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