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| 1 | Experimental study of n-heptane ignition delay with carbon dioxide addition in a rapid compression machine under low-temperature conditions显示文摘The ignition delay of n-heptane homogeneous charge compression ignition(HCCI) combustion under high levels of carbon dioxide addition was quantitatively measured at elevated pressure from low to intermediate temperatures in a rapid compression machine.The experiments were conducted in the compressed temperature range 613-750 K.Both the compression ratio and fuel/air equivalence ratio were varied to investigate their effects on the ignition delay of n-heptane.Carbon dioxide was subsequently added to study the influence of the carbon dioxide level on the ignition delay of n-heptane under low-temperature conditions.It was found that carbon dioxide had different effects on the two-stages of ignition delay of n-heptane under low-temperature conditions:the concentration of carbon dioxide had little effect on the first-stage ignition time;a certain concentration of carbon dioxide accelerated the first-stage ignition but had a significantly larger impact on the second-stage ignition delay,thus increasing the overall ignition delay time.The results also showed that the first-stage ignition delay of n-heptane is only a function of temperature under low-temperature conditions.The mass of n-heptane in the combustible mixture,the equivalence ratio,and the pressure at the top dead center had little effect on the first-stage ignition time of n-heptane. | GUANG HuanYu YANG Zheng HUANG Zhen LU XingCai | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，30： | 5 |
| 2 | Fuel design real-time to control HCCI combustion显示文摘In order to achieve lower emissions and extensive load in the homogeneous charge com- pression ignition (HCCI) engine system, a novel fuel design concept that high-octane number fuel and high-cetane number fuel are mixed real-time to con- trol HCCI combustion is proposed in this study. HCCI combustion fueled with iso-octane/n-heptane mix- tures controlled real-time on a single-cylinder HCCI combustion engine is studied. The test results show that the equivalence ratio of n-heptane in mixtures decides ignition and controls the combustion phase of HCCI combustion. The addition of iso-octane ex- tends knocking limit in equivalence ratio somewhat, but knocking occurrence mainly depends on the total concentration of mixture. Although operating range in equivalence ratio becomes narrow with the increas- ing proportion of iso-octane, the maximum load of HCCI combustion fueled with iso-octane/n-heptane mixtures controlled real-time is increased about 80% more than that of pure n-heptane. When iso-octane/ n-heptane mixtures are controlled in optimized method, it is proved that the load of HCCI combustion can be fully extended and emissions can be de- creased remarkably, while at the same time the higher indicated thermal efficiencies are obtained over the extensive operation range. | HOU Yuchun HUANG Zhen LU Xingcai FANG Junhuan ZU Linlin | 2006 | Chinese Science Bulletin2006，51，21： | 3 |
| 3 | Pre-chamber turbulent jet ignition of methane/air mixtures with multiple orifices in a large bore constant volume chamber: effect of air-fuel equivalence ratio and pre-mixed pressure显示文摘Liquefied natural gas (LNG), mainly composed of methane, is in progress to substitute diesel fuel in heavyduty marine engine for practical, economic, and environmental considerations. However, natural gas is relatively difficult to be ignited in a large bore combustion chamber. A combustion enhancement technique called prechamber turbulent jet ignition (TJI) can permit combustion and flame propagation in a largebore volume. To investigate the effect of air-fuel equivalence ratio and pre-mixed pressure on pre-chamber TJI of methane/air mixtures with multiple orifices in a large bore volume, experimental tests and computational simulations were implemented to study the discharge of hot turbulent jets from six orifices of the pre-chamber. Different initial pressures and air-fuel equivalence ratios were considered to analyze the characteristics of TJI. The asymmetry of the turbulent jet actuated from six different orifices were found due to the asymmetric orientation of the spark plug, resulting in the inhomogeneous distribution of combustion in the constant volume chamber, which should be considered seriously in the marine engine design. Besides,as the premixed pressure increases, it has more effect on the flame propagation and plays a more important role, as it further increases. | Xiang LI Wenzheng ZHANG Zhong HUANG Dehao JU Li HUANG Mingzhi FENG Xingcai LU Zhen HUANG | 2019 | Frontiers in Energy2019，13，3： | 3 |
| 4 | An experimental and modeling study of n-hexadecane autoignition under low-to-intermediate temperatures显示文摘N-hexadecane is a potential candidate of diesel surrogate fuels and is also the largest linear alkane(n-alkanes)with known chemical kinetic models.The objective of this study is to investigate the autoignition characteristics of n-hexadecane in the lowto-intermediate temperature region and to validate the existing kinetic models.In this study,the ignition delay times(IDTs)of nhexadecane were measured using a heated rapid compression machine(RCM)at two pressures of 7 and 10 bar,and over equivalence ratios ranging from 0.5 to 1.3.Two-stage ignition characteristic and the negative temperature coefficient(NTC)behavior of total ignition delay time were experimentally captured.This study paid special attention to the influence of pressure,equivalence ratio,and oxygen content on the IDTs of n-hexadecane.It is observed that both the total IDTs and the first-stage IDTs decrease with the rise of those parameters.It is worth noting that the first-stage IDT is found to show a greater dependence on temperature but a weaker dependence on other parameters compared to the total IDT.The observed IDT dependence in the lowtemperature region(LTR)were quantitatively described by ignition delay time correlations.The newly measured IDTs were then validated against two kinetic models(LLNL and CRECK).Simulation results show that both models underpredict the first-stage IDT but generally capture the temperature dependence.The CRECK model well predicts the total IDTs of n-hexadecane while the LLNL model significantly underpredicts the total IDTs at most investigated conditions.To the best of our knowledge,this study is the first investigation on n-hexadecane autoignition under low-to-intermediate temperatures,which deepens the understanding of large n-alkane oxidation and contributes to the improvement of the existing kinetic models. | YU Liang WANG WenYu WANG SiXu FENG Yuan QIAN Yong LU XingCai | 2020 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2020，63，5： | 2 |
| 5 | Auto-ignition of biomass synthesis gas in shock tube at elevated temperature and pressure显示文摘Ignition delay times of multi-component biomass synthesis gas(bio-syngas) diluted in argon were measured in a shock tube at elevated pressure(5, 10 and 15 bar, 1 bar = 105Pa), wide temperature ranges(1,100–1,700 K) and various equivalence ratios(0.5, 1.0, 2.0). Additionally, the effects of the variations of main constituents(H2:CO = 0.125–8) on ignition delays were investigated. The experimental results indicated that the ignition delay decreases as the pressure increases above certain temperature(around 1,200 K) and vice versa. The ignition delays were also found to rise as CO concentration increases, which is in good agreement with the literature. In addition, the ignition delays of bio-syngas were found increasing as the equivalence ratio rises. This behavior was primarily discussed in present work. Experimental results were also compared with numerical predictions of multiple chemical kinetic mechanisms and Li's mechanism was found having the best accuracy. The logarithmic ignition delays were found nonlinearly decrease with the H2 concentration under various conditions, and the effects of temperature,equivalence ratio and H2 concentration on the ignition delays are all remarkable. However, the effect of pressure is relatively smaller under current conditions. Sensitivity analysis and reaction pathway analysis of methane showed that R1(H ? O2= O ? OH) is the most sensitive reaction promoting ignition and R13(H ? O2(?M) = HO2(?M)), R53(CH3? H(?M) = CH4(?M)), R54(CH4? H =CH3? H2) as well as R56(CH4? OH = CH3? H2O) are key reactions prohibiting ignition under current experimental conditions. Among them, R53(CH3? H(?M) = CH4(?M)), R54(CH4? H = CH3? H2) have the largest positive sensitivities and the high contribution rate in rich mixture.The rate of production(ROP) of OH of R1 showed that OH ROP of R1 decreases sharply as the mixture turns rich.Therefore, the ignition delays become longer as the equivalence ratio increases. | Linqi Ouyang Hua Li Shuzhou Sun Xiaole Wang Xingcai Lu | 2015 | Science Bulletin2015，60，22： | 2 |
| 6 | Active fuel design A way to manage the right fuel for HCCI engines显示文摘同质的费用压缩点火(HCCI ) 引擎与汽油引擎相比展示高热的效率和 ultralow 排出物。然而, HCCI 燃烧不同于 SI 引擎,没有一个直接方法触发在里面柱体燃烧。因此,汽油 HCCI 燃烧在点火的控制正在面对挑战并且,燃烧,和运作的范围扩展。在这份报纸,一个活跃燃料设计概念被建议探索一条潜在的小径优化 HCCI 引擎燃烧并且拓宽它的运作的范围。活跃燃料设计概念被实时控制认识到双燃料(汽油和 n-heptane ) 移植注射,与用尽煤气的再通行(EGR ) 调整的率和吸入温度。在 HCCI 燃烧的 cylinderto- 柱体变化能被优化有效地在燃料注射比例减少,这被发现,并且到 HCCI 的从 SI 的快速的转变过程能被认识到。活跃燃料设计技术能显著地增加 HCCI 燃烧的适应性到增加的 EGR 率并且减少吸入温度。活跃燃料设计被显示拓宽运作的 HCCI 负担到 9.3 酒吧显示的吝啬的有效压力(IMEP ) 。当减少燃料消费和氮氧化物排出物时, HCCI 操作被多达 70% SI 模式负担使用。因此,活跃燃料设计技术能为干净引擎燃烧管理正确燃料,并且为引擎燃料多样化和未来引擎概念提供一条潜在的小径。 | Zhen HUANG Zhongzhao LI Jianyong ZHANG Xingcai LU Junhua FANG Dong HAN | 2016 | Frontiers in Energy2016，10，1： | 2 |
| 7 | Experimental study on impacts of fuel type on thermo-acoustic instability in a gas turbine model combustor显示文摘Effects of liquid fuel composition variations on characteristics of self-excited thermo-acoustic instabilities in a lean premixed,pre-vaporized gas turbine model combustor were experimentally studied.Test fuels included practical RP-3 jet fuel and its blending with iso-octane and n-dodecane,which were branched and linear alkanes respectively.Under the test conditions,dynamic pressure measurements indicated that the dominant instability frequency was highest for RP-3 flame,while RP-3/ndodecane flame exhibited the strongest instability strength.A further analysis showed that the instability frequency correlated well with the profiles of adiabatic flame temperature,and the strength of the instability highly depended on the ignition delay times of the fuels.Measurements of the flame structure and flow field with OH*chemiluminescence (CL) imaging and twodimensional particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques indicated that changes in the fuel composition did not alter the unstable modes and general sequences of flame-flow structure oscillations.Further power spectra and proper orthogonal decomposition(POD) analysis suggested that axial oscillations along with precessing vortex core (PVC) induced helical motion predominated periodic flame structure and flow field oscillations. | RUAN Can CHEN FeiEr YU Tao CAI WeiWei HE ZhuoYao MAO YeBing LI XinLing LU XingCai | 2021 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2021，64，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Effect of cetane number improver on heat release rate and emissions of high speed diesel engine fuelled with ethanol-diesel blend fuel显示文摘 | Lu Xingcai Yang Jianguang Zhang Wugao | 2004 | Fuel2004，，83： | 1 |
| 9 | Effect of cetane number improver on heat release rate and emissions of high speed engine fueled with ethanol-diesel blend fuel显示文摘 | Lu Xingcai Yang Jianguang Zhang Wuguo | 2004 | Fuel2004，83，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Autoignition of butanol isomers/n-heptane blend fuels on a rapid compression machine in N_2/O_2/Ar mixtures显示文摘Ignition delay times of butanol isomers/n-heptane mixture were measured using a rapid compression machine at compressed pressures of 15,20 and 30 bar,in the compressed temperature range of 650–830 K and equivalence ratio of 1.0.Sensitivity analysis and reaction fluxes analysis were performed using a detailed mechanism of blend fuels so as to evaluate the impact of n-heptane addition and temperature variation on the ignition and combustion process.Over the experimental conditions in this study,the blend fuels displays apparent low and high temperature reactions and a negative-temperature-coefficient(NTC)behavior.With increasing butanol isomers mole fraction in the mixtures,the ignition delay times increase.It is worth noting that the suppression to n-heptane ignition from tert-butanol is very limited.The ignition delay time of 40/60 tert-butanol/n-heptane mixture is smaller than other three kinds of blends.With the increasing of tert-butanol mole fraction,the increasing range of its ignition delay time is very large.Moreover,compressed pressure has a limited effect on the ignition of blend mixture at low temperature but certain influence at medium temperature arrange.Tert-butanol/n-heptane mixture is not sensitive to the pressure.The chemical analysis indicates that butanol isomers also present the NTC behavior because of the low temperature reactivity radicals pool produced by n-heptane.Reaction fluxes analysis shows that the n-heptane addition has little impact on the reaction path.Sensitivity analysis shows that for the pure n-butanol,2-butanol and iso-butanol fuel,H-abstraction from the?-carbon plays the dominant role in the reactions having the inhibiting effect on the low-temperature branching,while the H-abstraction from the?-carbon can promote the ignition;for tert-butanol/n-heptane mixtures,reaction R16.H2O2(+M)<=>OH+OH(+M)plays the leading role.For n-butanol/n-heptane,iso-butanol/n-heptane mixtures,the major promoting reactions include some H-abstraction from n-heptane and OH branching reactions,the influence of H-abstraction from?-carbon is weaken;For 2-butanol/n-heptane,tert-butanol/n-heptane mixtures,R16 plays an absolutely dominant role,while the major inhibiting reactions add some elementary reactions of small radicals. | YANG Zheng WANG Yue YANG Xin QIAN Yong LU XingCai HUANG Zhen | 2014 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2014，57，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Effects of equivalence ratio and carbon dioxide concentration on premixed charge compression ignition of gasoline and diesel-like fuel blends显示文摘 | Dong Han Huanyu Guang Zheng Yang Xingcai Lu Zhen Huang | 2013 | Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology2013，，8： | 1 |
| 12 | Effect of Cetane Number Improver on Heat Release Rate and Emissions of High Speed Diesel Engine Fueled with Ethanol-Diesel Blend Fuel显示文摘 | LU Xingcai Yang Jianguang Zhang Wugao | 2004 | Fuel2004，80，1415： | 1 |
| 13 | The Influence of Ethanol Additives on the Performance and Combustion Characteristics of Diesel Engines显示文摘 | LU Xingcai Huang Zhen Zhang Wugao | 2004 | Combustion Science & Technology2004，176，8： | 1 |
| 14 | Combustion characteristics and influential factors of isooctane active-thermal atmosphere combustion assisted by two-stage reaction of n -heptane显示文摘 | Xingcai Lu Libin Ji Junjun Ma Xiaoxin Zhou Zhen Huang | 2010 | Combustion and Flame2010，，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Experimental study and chemical analysis of n-heptane homogeneous charge compression ignition combustion with port injec- tion of reaction inhibitors 显示文摘 | Lu Xingcai Ji Libin Zu Linlin | 2007 | Combustion and Flame2007，149，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Towards low emissions and high thermal efficiency of gasoline compression ignition engine under high loads by modulating the fuel reactivity and injection strategy显示文摘Gasoline compression ignition(GCI) is a practicable way to obtain low emissions and high thermal efficiency of gasoline-like fuels in internal combustion engines. In this paper, the research octane number(RON) and injection strategy were coordinated to optimize the GCI engine performance and emissions under high loads. The direct injection and port injection were used to achieve two injection strategies: direct injection(DI) and port injection plus direct injection(PIDI), and the primary reference fuels(PRF) with the RON of 60, 70, 80 and 90 were used. The results show that using lower RON fuels under high loads, DI mode can achieve higher efficiency, while PIDI mode can achieve lower combustion noise at an expense of slightly lower fuel economy. When the DI mode is converted to PIDI mode with a pre-injection ratio of 30%, using PRF70 under 12 bar and the exhaust gas recirculation(EGR) rate of 40%, the gross indicated thermal efficiency and the maximum pressure rise rate are reduced by 1% and by 2 bar/°CA, respectively, while the particle emissions also decrease significantly, thus achieving low emissions and high efficiency. However, under the same load and EGR rate, DI mode produces less regulated and unregulated emissions than PIDI mode. In addition, the effect of fuel RON was obvious, the lower RON fuels exhibit obvious three-stage heat release in PIDI mode, however, PRF90 with higher RON only exhibits two-stage heat release, and the peak value of the firststage heat release rate is also lower than those of other fuels. | JIANG ChenXu LI ZiLong QIAN Yong LU XingCai | 2020 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2020，63，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Fuel design andmanagement for the control of advanced compression-ignition combustion modes 显示文摘 | Lu Xingcai Han Dong Huang Zhen | 2011 | Progress in Energy andCombustion Science2011，37，6： | 1 |
| 18 | A fundamentalstudy on the control of the HCCI combustion and emis-sions by fuel design concept combined with controllableEGR Part 2 : Effect of operating conditions and EGR onHCCI combustion 显示文摘 | Lu Xingcai Chen Wei Huang Zhen | 2005 | Fuel2005，84，9： | 1 |
| 19 | Effects of an In-cylinder Active Thermo-atmosphere Environment on Diesel Engine Combustion Characteristics and Emissions 显示文摘 | Lu Xingcai Ji Libin Ma Junjun | 2008 | Energy & Fuels2008，22，： | 1 |
| 20 | A fundamentalstudy on the control of the HCCI combustion and e-missions by fuel design concept combined with con-trollable EGR, part 1: the basic characteristics ofHCCI combustion显示文摘 | Lu Xingcai Chen Wei Huang Zhen | 2005 | Fuel2005，84，： | 1 |
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